Selecting the hologenome to breed for an improved feed efficiency in pigs—A novel selection index     

Ramona Weishaar  Robin Wellmann  Amelia Camarinha-Silva  Markus Rodehutscord  Jörn Bennewitz 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2020,137(1):14-22

Most traits in animal breeding, including feed efficiency traits in pigs, are affected by many genes with small effect and have a moderately high heritability between 0.1 and 0.5, which enables efficient selection. Since the microbiota composition in the gastrointestinal tract is also partly heritable and was shown to have a substantial effect on feed efficiency, the host genes affect the phenotype not only directly by altering metabolic pathways, but also indirectly by changing the microbiota composition. The effect of the microbiota composition on the breeding value of an animal is the conditional expectation of its breeding value, given the vector with microbiota frequencies, that is The breeding value of an animal can therefore be decomposed into a heritable contribution that arises from an altered microbiota composition and a heritable contribution that arises from altered metabolic pathways within the animal, so Instead of selecting for breeding value , an index comprising the two components and with appropriate weights, that is , can be used. The present study shows how this breeding strategy can be applied in pig genomic selection breeding scheme for two feed efficiency traits and daily gain.  相似文献   

Evaluation of a novel monoclonal antibody‐based enzyme immunoassay for detection of Histoplasma antigen in urine of dogs     

Kristen Clark  Andrew S. Hanzlicek 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2021,35(1):284-293

  相似文献   

Sarcocystid organisms found in bile from a dog with acute hepatitis: a case report and review of intestinal and hepatobiliary Sarcocystidae infections in dogs and cats          下载免费PDF全文

Katherine L. Irvine  Julie M. Walker  Kristen R. Friedrichs 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2016,45(1):57-65

Sarcocystidae is a family of coccidian protozoa from the phylum Apicomplexa that includes Toxoplasma, Neospora, Sarcocystis, Hammondia, and Besnoitia spp. All species undergo a 2‐host sexual and asexual cycle. In the definitive host, replication is enteroepithelial, and infection is typically asymptomatic or less commonly causes mild diarrhea. Clinical disease is most frequently observed in the intermediate host, often as an aberrant infection, and is mostly associated with neurologic, muscular, or hepatic inflammation. Here, we review the literature regarding intestinal Sarcocystidae infections in dogs and cats, with emphasis on the life cycle stages and the available diagnostic assays and their limitations. We also report the diagnostic findings for an 11‐year‐old dog with acute neutrophilic hepatitis, biliary protozoa, and negative biliary culture. Although Toxoplasma and Neospora IgG titers were both high, PCR for these 2 organisms was negative for bile. The organisms were identified by 18S rDNA PCR as most consistent with Hammondia, either H heydorni or H triffittae. This is the first report of presumed Hammondia organisms being found in canine bile.  相似文献   

What is your diagnosis? Pectus excavatum     

Sharpley JL  O'Dell-Anderson K  Graves TK 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2007,231(7):1031-1032

  相似文献   

Transmission of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in pigs under field-like conditions: emphasis on tonsillar colonisation and passively acquired colostral antibodies     

Vigre H  Angen Ø  Barfod K  Lavritsen DT  Sørensen V 《Veterinary microbiology》2002,89(2-3):151-159

The objectives of this study were to elucidate at which age tonsillar colonisation by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae occurs in pigs and relate this occurrence to the presence of colostral antibodies to A. pleuropneumoniae. The infection patterns were studied in an isolated cohort of pigs, which consisted of the offspring from five sows originating from a conventional pig herd. The sows were transferred to isolated research facilities before farrowing. A. pleuropneumoniae was detected on the tonsils of all sows. After a nursing period of 3 weeks, the pigs were weaned and reared isolated from other pigs until slaughter. The pigs were examined repeatedly for the presence of A. pleuropneumoniae on the tonsils and for antibodies to A. pleuropneumoniae using bacteriological and serological techniques, respectively.A. pleuropneumoniae was detected in the tonsils of one pig as early as 11 days after birth, showing that A. pleuropneumoniae can be transmitted from sow to offspring during a 3-week nursing period. The cumulative proportion of pigs carrying A. pleuropneumoniae in their tonsils increased significantly between the age of 4-12 weeks. This age period corresponded to the age at which the proportion of pigs with detectable levels of colostral antibodies to the different serotypes of A. pleuropneumoniae was declining. Since these two events take place in the same age period, we expect a possible biological association between the level of the passive immunity and the degree of tonsillar colonisation. The median duration of tonsillar colonisation was estimated to approximately 7-8 weeks.  相似文献   

Plasma N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide concentration in healthy retired racing Greyhounds          下载免费PDF全文

Kristen M. Couto  M. Cristina Iazbik  Liliana M. Marín  Sara Zaldivar‐López  Melissa J. Beal  P. Gómez Ochoa  C. Guillermo Couto 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2015,44(3):405-409

  相似文献   

Hematologic and biochemical reference intervals for adult Friesian horses from North America          下载免费PDF全文

Saundra H. Sample  Katherine M. Fox  Denise Wunn  Elizabeth Roth  Kristen R. Friedrichs 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2015,44(2):194-199

  相似文献   

Effect of feeding dried distillers' grains with solubles on milk yield and milk composition of cows in mid‐lactation and digestibility in sheep     

E. Westreicher‐Kristen  R. Kaiser  H. Steingass  M. Rodehutscord 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2014,98(2):347-356

We evaluated the effect of three sources of dried distillers' grains with solubles (DDGS) in diets of mid‐lactating dairy cows on milk production and milk composition and on digestibility in sheep. DDGS from wheat, corn and barley (DDGS₁), wheat and corn (DDGS₂) and wheat (DDGS₃) were studied and compared with a rapeseed meal (RSM). RSM and DDGS were characterized through in situ crude protein (CP) degradability. Nutrient digestibility was determined in sheep. Twenty‐four multiparous cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with 28‐day periods. Treatments included total mixed rations containing as primary protein sources RSM (control), DDGS₁ (D1), DDGS₂ (D2) or DDGS₃ (D3). RSM contained less rapidly degradable CP (fraction a), more potentially degradable CP (fraction b) and more rumen undegradable CP (UDP) than the three DDGS. In vivo digestibility of RSM organic matter was similar to DDGS. Calculated net energy for lactation (NE_L) was lower for RSM (7.4 MJ/kg DM) than for DDGS, which averaged 7.7 MJ/kg DM. Cows' dry matter intake did not differ between diets (21.7 kg/day). Cows fed D1 yielded more milk than those fed D3 (31.7 vs. 30.4 kg/day); no differences were found between control and DDGS diets (31.3 vs. 31.1 kg/day). Energy‐corrected milk was similar among diets (31.2 kg/day). Diets affected neither milk fat concentration (4.0%) nor milk fat yield (1.24 kg/day). Milk protein yield of control (1.12 kg/day) was significantly higher than D3 (1.06 kg/day) but not different form D1 and D2 (1.08 kg/day each). Feeding DDGS significantly increased milk lactose concentration (4.91%) in relation to control (4.81%). DDGS can be a suitable feed in relation to RSM and can be fed up to 4 kg dry matter per day in rations of dairy cows in mid‐lactation. However, high variation of protein and energy values of DDGS should be considered when included in diets of dairy cows.  相似文献   

Culture conditions for equine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and expression of key transcription factors during their differentiation into osteoblasts     

Elizabeth R A Glynn  Alfredo Sanchez Londono  Steven A Zinn  Thomas A Hoagl  Kristen E Govoni 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2014,(2):163-172

  相似文献   

Poor maternal nutrition inhibits muscle development in ovine offspring     

Sarah A Reed  Joseline S Raja  Maria L Hoffman  Steven A Zinn  Kristen E Govoni 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2014,5(1):43

Background

Maternal over and restricted nutrition has negative consequences on the muscle of offspring by reducing muscle fiber number and altering regulators of muscle growth. To determine if over and restricted maternal nutrition affected muscle growth and gene and protein expression in offspring, 36 pregnant ewes were fed 60%, 100% or 140% of National Research Council requirements from d 31 ± 1.3 of gestation until parturition. Lambs from control-fed (CON), restricted-fed (RES) or over-fed (OVER) ewes were necropsied within 1 d of birth (n = 18) or maintained on a control diet for 3 mo (n = 15). Semitendinosus muscle was collected for immunohistochemistry, and protein and gene expression analysis.

Results

Compared with CON, muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) increased in RES (58%) and OVER (47%) lambs at 1 d of age (P < 0.01); however at 3 mo, CSA decreased 15% and 17% compared with CON, respectively (P < 0.01). Compared with CON, muscle lipid content was increased in OVER (212.4%) and RES (92.5%) at d 1 (P < 0.0001). Muscle lipid content was increased 36.1% in OVER and decreased 23.6% in RES compared with CON at 3 mo (P < 0.0001). At d 1, myostatin mRNA abundance in whole muscle tended to be greater in OVER (P = 0.07) than CON. Follistatin mRNA abundance increased in OVER (P = 0.04) and tended to increase in RES (P = 0.06) compared with CON at d 1. However, there was no difference in myostatin or follistatin protein expression (P > 0.3). Phosphorylated Akt (ser473) was increased in RES at 3 mo compared with CON (P = 0.006).

Conclusions

In conclusion, maternal over and restricted nutrient intake alters muscle lipid content and growth of offspring, possibly through altered gene and protein expression.  相似文献