Spermatic and oxidative profile of domestic cat (Felis catus) epididymal sperm subjected to different cooling times (24, 48 and 72 hours)          下载免费PDF全文

DSR Angrimani  KK Nagai  BR Rui  LC Bicudo  JDA Losano  MM Brito  MCP Francischini  M Nichi 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(1):163-170

Cooling stored epididymal samples for several days allows facilities to transport and process genetic material post‐mortem. Improvements to this practice allow the preservation of sperm from domestic cats, which are the ideal study model for wild felids. However, the modifications in spermatic features and the oxidative profile are not fully understood in cats. This information is necessary for the development of biotechniques, such as new extenders for cryopreservation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the spermatic and oxidative profile in samples from the epididymal cauda of domestic cats cooled at 5°C for 24, 48 and 72 hr. Spermatozoa were collected from the epididymis cauda. Evaluations consisted of computer‐assisted sperm analysis (CASA), plasma membrane integrity (eosin/nigrosin), acrosome integrity (fast green/rose bengal), sperm morphology, sperm DNA integrity (toluidine blue), mitochondrial activity (3′3 diaminobenzidine), activity of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), measurement of lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and protein oxidation. A decrease in sperm motility parameters was observed after 72 hr of cooling (i.e. total and progressive) with a higher percentage of minor (37.7 ± 6.3%) and total defects (53.4 ± 6.3%). Additionally, a decrease in high mitochondrial activity (Class I: 16.6 ± 2.2%) occurred after 72 hr. The decrease in motility rates after a long cooling time probably was caused by the increase in sperm abnormalities. A long cooling time causes cold shock and mitochondrial exhaustion, but there was no observed change with the oxidative stress condition. Therefore, cat epididymal sperm stored at 5°C appear to maintain a high quality for up to 48 hr of cooling time.  相似文献   

A fast,low‐cost and efficient method for the diagnosis of sperm DNA fragmentation in several species          下载免费PDF全文

BR Rui  DSR Angrimani  LC Bicudo  JDA Losano  M Nichi  RJG Pereira 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(1):171-175

Sperm DNA fragmentation is a condition that interferes directly in the reproductive efficiency. Currently, there are several methods for assessing the sperm DNA integrity, such as Alkaline Comet, TUNEL and Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay. However, many of these techniques are laborious and require high‐precision equipment. Thus, the development of new techniques can optimize the evaluation of sperm DNA damage. Therefore, the aim of this study was to standardize the toluidine blue (TB) stain technique for the analysis of DNA fragmentation of dog, cat, bull, stallion and ram spermatozoa. For this purpose, we used six animals of each specie (n = 30), in reproductive age. Sperm was collected by different methods according to the particularities of each species, and such samples were divided into two aliquots: a sperm sample was kept at 5°C (considered as intact sperm DNA), and the remaining samples were submitted to the induction of DNA fragmentation by exposure to ultraviolet light for 4 hr. Samples were then mixed with the intact sample to obtain known and progressive proportions of sperm with fragmented DNA (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%). Semen smears were performed and subjected to staining with TB. Blue‐stained spermatozoa were considered to have DNA fragmentation. We observed high linear regression coefficients between the expected proportion of damaged DNA and the results of TB for dog, cat, ram, bull and stallion samples. In conclusion, TB stain was considered a fast and effective technique for the study of spermatozoa DNA in several species.  相似文献   

Agreement of high definition oscillometry with direct arterial blood pressure measurement at different blood pressure ranges in horses under general anaesthesia          下载免费PDF全文

Karsten Feige  Sabine BR Kästner 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2015,42(3):286-291

ObjectiveTo determine the agreement of high definition oscillometry (HDO) with direct arterial blood pressure measurements in normotensive, hypotensive and hypertensive horses during general anaesthesia.Study designExperimental study.AnimalsSeven healthy warmblood horses, aged 3–11 years, weighing 470–565 kg.MethodsMeasurements from a HDO device with the cuff placed around the base of the tail were compared with pressures measured invasively from the facial artery. High blood pressures were induced by intravenous (IV) administration of dobutamine (5 μg kg⁻¹ minute⁻¹) over ten minutes followed by norepinephrine (0.1 mg kg⁻¹ IV) and low pressures by increasing the inspired fraction of isoflurane and administration of nitroglycerine (0.05 mg kg⁻¹ IV). For analysis three pressure levels were determined: high (MAP>110 mmHg), normal (60 mmHgResultsA total of 245 paired measurements of systolic (SAP), mean (MAP) and diastolic (DAP) pressures were obtained. The HDO device underestimated blood pressure at hypertensive and normotensive levels and overestimated blood pressure at hypotensive levels. Best agreement was obtained for SAP and MAP within normotensive limits. At normotension, bias ± standard deviation for SAP, MAP and DAP were 0.1 ± 19.4 mmHg, 0.5 ± 14.0, 4.7 ± 15.6, respectively. At high pressure levels bias and SD were 26.1 ± 37.3 (SAP), 4.2 ± 19.4 (MAP), 1.5 ± 16.8 (DAP) and at low pressures -20.0 ± 20.9 (SAP), -11.4 ± 19.6 (MAP), -4.7 ± 20.1 (DAP), with HDO measurements at a MAP <50 mmHg often failing.Conclusion and clinical relevanceGood agreement with invasive arterial blood pressures was obtained with HDO at normotensive levels in horses. At high and low pressure ranges HDO was unreliable. Therefore, if haemodynamic instability is expected, invasive measurement remains preferable.  相似文献   

Purification and partial characterization of acetic acid esterase from malted finger millet (Eleusine coracana, Indaf-15)     

Latha GM  Muralikrishna G 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(3):895-902

Acetic acid esterase (EC 3.1.1.6) cleaves the acetyl groups substituted at O-2/O-3 of the xylan backbone of arabinoxylans and is known to modulate their functional properties. To date, this enzyme from cereals has not received much attention. In the present study, acetic acid esterase from 72 h ragi malt was isolated and purified to apparent homogeneity by a four-step purification, i.e., ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-cellulose, Sephacryl S-200, and phenyl-Sepharose column chromatography, with a recovery of 0.36% and a fold purification of 34. The products liberated from alpha-NA and PNPA by the action of purified ragi acetic acid esterase were authenticated by ESI-MS and 1H NMR. The pH and temperature optima of the enzyme were found to be 7.5 and 45 degrees C, respectively. The enzyme is stable in the pH range of 6.0-9.0 and temperature range of 30-40 degrees C. The activation energy of the enzymatic reaction was found to be 7.29 kJ mol-1. The apparent Km and Vmax of the purified acetic acid esterase for alpha-NA were 0.04 microM and 0.175 microM min-1 mL-1, respectively. The molecular weight of the native enzyme was found to be 79.4 kDa by GPC whereas the denatured enzyme was found to be 19.7 kDa on SDS, indicating it to be a tetramer. EDTA, citric acid, and metal ions such as Fe+3 and Cu+2 increased the activity while Ni+2, Ca+2, Co+2, Ba+2, Mg+2, Mn+2, Zn+2, and Al+3 reduced the activity. Group-specific reagents such as eserine and PCMB at 25 mM concentration completely inhibited the enzyme while iodoacetamide did not have any effect. Eserine was found to be a competitive inhibitor.  相似文献   

Misidentification of Macrotyloma sar-garhwalensis R.D.Gaur & L.R.Dangwal and its implication in horsegram germplasm management     

Pradheep  K.  Latha  M.  Nayar  E. Roshini  Bhat  K. V. 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2022,69(3):939-948

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - Correcting taxonomic misidentifications is crucial to ensuring the conservation and use of wild relatives in crop breeding programmes. Macrotyloma...  相似文献   

The effect of footrot on body weight and wool growth of sheep   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

DJ MARSHALL  RI WALKER  BR CULLIS  MF LUFF 《Australian veterinary journal》1991,68(2):45-49

Body weight and traits associated with production of wool were measured over a 2-year period between 1985 and 1987 in south-western New South Wales in a flock of Merino wethers experimentally infected with footrot. The disease was allowed to spread freely amongst 150 of the flock but kept at very low prevalence in the remaining 50 by preventive footbathing during transmission periods. Severe, underrunning footrot had a significant adverse effect on body weight, for each year of the trial. Body weight was most severely reduced at times of the year when footrot was spreading among animals and lesions were severe. The mean body weight of the infected group at the end of the 2 years of observation was 7.3 kg (11.6%) below that of the control group. Footrot also depressed wool growth, with the mean clean fleece weight of the infected group being 0.4 kg (8%) lighter than that of the controls at each of the 2 annual shearings. There were no consistent differences between the groups for the other wool characteristics measured.  相似文献   

Village seed systems and the biological diversity of millet crops in marginal environments of India   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Latha Nagarajan  Melinda Smale 《Euphytica》2007,155(1-2):167-182

The study relates village seed systems to biological diversity of millet crops grown by farmers in the semi-arid lands of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka, India. In these subsistence-oriented, semi-arid production systems the environment is marginal for crop growth and often there is no substitute for millet crops. Across communities, farmers grow 13 different combinations of pearl millet, sorghum, finger millet, little millet, and foxtail millet varieties, but individual farmers grow an average of only 2–3 millet varieties per season. The “village seed system” in this study refers to all channels through which farmers acquire genetic materials, separate from or in interaction with the commercial seed industry, observed at the local level. Data are compiled through household surveys and interviews with traders and dealers in village and district markets. Based on the concept of the seed lot, several seed system parameters are defined and measured by millet crop. Most seed transactions, including gifts of seed, appear to be monetized. Seed supply channels differ by improvement status of the genetic material. Regression results confirm that seed system parameters are statistically significant determinants of the spatial diversity of millet crops measured at the village level. Furthermore, both the trade through weekly village markets (shandies) and through the formal seed supply channel contribute positively to the breadth of genetic materials in these communities. Ways should be found to strengthen and improve the overall efficiency of the seed system, including both formal and informal channels, in order to reduce the costs to farmers of procuring and managing diverse crop varieties.  相似文献   

Effect of dexmedetomidine and xylazine followed by MK-467 on gastrointestinal microperfusion in anaesthetized horses     

Liza Wittenberg-Voges  Sabine BR. Kästner  Marja Raekallio  Outi M. Vainio  Karl Rohn  Klaus Hopster 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(2):165-174

Objective

To compare the effects of MK-467 during isoflurane anaesthesia combined with xylazine or dexmedetomidine on global and gastrointestinal perfusion parameters.

Study design

Prospective, randomized experimental trial.

Animals

A total of 15 warmblood horses.

Methods

Horses were divided into two groups for administration of either dexmedetomidine (D) or xylazine (X) for premedication (D: 3.5 μg kg^?1; X: 0.5 mg kg^?1) and as constant rate infusion during isoflurane anaesthesia (D: 7 μg kg^?1 hour^?1; X: 1 mg kg^?1 hour^?1). During anaesthesia, heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) and cardiac index (CI) were measured. Microperfusion of the colon, jejunum and stomach was measured using laser Doppler flowmetry. After 2 hours of stabilization, MK-467 (250 μg kg^?1) was administered, and measurements were continued for another 90 minutes. For statistical analysis, the permutation test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test were used (p < 0.05).

Results

There were no differences in baseline measurements between groups. The MK-467 bolus resulted in a significant decrease in MAP (D: –58%; X: –48%) and SVRI (D: –68%; X: –65%) lasting longer in group D (90 minutes) compared to group X (60 minutes). While CI increased (D: +31%; X: +35%), microperfusion was reduced in the colon (D: –44%; X: –34%), jejunum (D: –26%; X: –33%) and stomach (D: –37%; X: –35%).

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Alpha-2-agonist induced vasoconstriction was reversed by the MK-467 dose used, resulting in hypotension and rise in CI. Gastrointestinal microperfusion decreased, probably as a result of insufficient perfusion pressure. An infusion rate for MK-467 as well as an ideal agonist/antagonist ratio should be determined.  相似文献   

Effects of transdermal lidocaine or lidocaine with prilocaine or tetracaine on mechanical superficial sensation and nociceptive thermal thresholds in horses     

Franz J Söbbeler  Sabine BR Kästner 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(2):227-233

Objective

To evaluate the transdermal local anaesthetic effect of lidocaine or lidocaine combined with prilocaine or tetracaine in horses.

Study design

Experimental, randomized study.

Animals

A total of five healthy adult warmblood horses.

Methods

Horses were clipped bilaterally at the withers, cranial saddle area and caudal saddle area. Baseline measurements for mechanical superficial sensation via von Frey filaments and nociceptive thermal thresholds were performed. A 5% lidocaine patch (12 hour exposure, treatment L), a lidocaine/prilocaine cream (each 2.5%, treatment LP) and a lidocaine/tetracaine cream (each 7%, treatment LT) were applied (both 2 hour exposure). The same product was applied at the same location bilaterally, but on the right side an epidermal micro-perforation (dermaroller, 1200 needles) was performed prior to application. A total of five more measurements were performed at each location, immediately at the end of exposure time followed by hourly measurements. Thermal thresholds normalized to thermal excursion were analysed. One- or two-way anova and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used for statistical analysis with p < 0.05 considered significant.

Results

Epidermal micro-perforation had no enhancing effect. Treatments L, LP, and LT resulted in increased thermal excursion (%) immediately (84.7 ± 12.9; 100.0 ± 0.0; 100.0 ± 0.0) and 1 hour (81.7 ± 66; 86.0 ± 17.7; 87.7 ± 14.4) after the removal of the respective product compared to baseline (66.1 ± 9.3; 69.9 ± 8.3; 76.5 ± 7.8). Superficial mechanical sensation was decreased by the lidocaine-and-tetracaine cream at all time points, and by the lidocaine patch and lidocaine-and-prilocaine cream for three measurements.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Eutectic mixtures of lidocaine with either prilocaine or tetracaine led to a reduction in thermal nociception and mechanical sensation for up to 2 hours.  相似文献   

On the occurrence, distribution, taxonomy and genepool relationship of Cucumis callosus (Rottler) Cogn., the wild progenitor of Cucumis melo L. from India     

K. Joseph John  Sheen Scariah  V. A. Muhammed Nissar  M. Latha  S. Gopalakrishnan  S. R. Yadav  K. V. Bhat 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2013,60(3):1037-1046

Recent research point to the Indian wild taxa of Cucumis callosus (Rottler) Cogn. as the wild progenitor of melon (C. melo L.). Overlapping distribution with cultivated and weedy and feral forms of melo and normal fertility of F₁ and BC₁ generations of its cross with cultivated melon indicate its progenitor status. A perusal of herbarium data indicate its natural distribution pattern in the region comprising Vindhya Hills and Aravalli mountain ranges extending northwards to Indo-Gangetic plains and southwards to the Deccan plateau touching rain shadow areas of Western Ghats. Characterised by drought tolerance and field resistance to a host of pests and diseases, it is conspicuously absent in the high rainfall areas of Western Ghats and upper Himalayan region. Based on its morphological distinction and F₁ and BC₁ fertility with C. melo, a subspecific rank within C. melo is postulated. First-hand information on its occurrence, distribution and crossability relationship with other Indian taxa of Cucumis are given.  相似文献