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1.
A study was made of bovine dermatophilosis on 540 animals at a high altitude (2400–2500 m above sea level) in Ethiopia. Eighty-two (15.4%) of the animals were affected by the disease which was more prevalent in local animals than was previously assumed. There was a significant (p<0.05) difference in the prevalence among different age groups. However, the difference in the prevalence of the disease between males and females was not significant (p>0.05). Associated risk factors included the relatively high average annual rainfall and humidity, tick infestation (76%) and management, related to the mixed crop-livestock production system. The possible impact of the disease on Ethiopian agriculture is indicated. 相似文献
2.
Water hyacinth poses serious socio-economic and environmental problems in Ethiopia. To integrate fungal pathogens into water hyacinth management, a survey was conducted in the Rift Valley of Ethiopia. Based on morphological characterization and DNA sequencing, 25 fungal species were identified that belong to nine genera. Alternaria tenuissima, A. alternata, Aspergillus niger, Phoma sp., Curvularia trifolii, Mucor fragilis, M. racemosus, A. fumigatus, Fusarium oxysporum, and F. equiseti were the most common fungi detected. However, their occurrence was influenced by water wave action, temperature, season, and altitude. Among the fungal pathogens, A. alternata, A. tenuissima, F. oxysporum, F. equiseti, and Neofisicoccum parvum were highly pathogenic to water hyacinth. Alternaria alternata and A. tenuissima did not cause disease symptoms on ecologically important plant species (e.g. Noug, Tef, and Coffee). Application of the fungal pathogens on water hyacinth plants also showed 11%–67%, 22%–72%, 15%–55%, and 12%–50% reduction in fresh weight, dry weight, plant height, and root length of water hyacinth, respectively. This study suggests that fungal species have the potential to control water hyacinth biologically and provides baseline data for biological control efforts in the future. 相似文献
3.
Mengistie Taye Girma Abebe Solomon Gizaw Sisay Lemma Abebe Mekoya Markos Tibbo 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(4):659-667
A study was conducted to evaluate growth performances of Washera sheep under smallholder production systems in the Yilmanadensa
and Quarit districts of the Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia. Data were collected and analysed on the growth of 690
lambs owned by 110 households from October 2004 to September 2007. Weight (kilograms) of Washera lambs at birth, 1, 3, 6,
9 and 12 months of age was 2.69 ± 0.02, 7.10 ± 0.16, 12.42 ± 0.11, 16.12 ± 0.91, 20.05 ± 0.55 and 23.47 ± 0.68, respectively.
Birth weight was significantly (P < 0.05) affected by district, year of birth, parity of the dam, birth type and sex of lamb and by the interaction effect
of parity by birth type and parity by sex of lamb. Weaning weight was also affected by year of birth, type of birth and sex
of lamb. Yearling weight was affected by only year of birth and sex of birth. The average daily weight gain (ADG; grams) from
birth to 30 days, birth to 90 days, 90 to 180 days and birth to 1 year of age was 143.37 ± 13.46, 107.09 ± 2.67, 39.78 ± 9.73
and 60.13 ± 1.89, respectively. Growth rates from birth to 30 and 90 days of age were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by birth year, birth type and sex. ADG from birth to 1 year of age was affected by lamb sex and district.
The indigenous Washera sheep had faster growth rate than those sheep breeds of Ethiopia extensively studied thus far. Integrated
efforts combining improved nutrition, health and participatory community-based breeding would help the smallholder farmers
to utilise and conserve this immense sheep genetic resource of Ethiopia. 相似文献
4.
Dileepan M Wijewardana TG Horadagoda NU Stipkovits L Varga I Dharmawardena IV 《Tropical animal health and production》2005,37(1):21-23
Anthelmintic treatment (A), feed supplementation (F), anthelmintic and feed supplementation (A + F) or traditional management (Control) was given to 166 pregnant female donkeys in three localities (Holetta, Debre Zeit and Adami Tulu) in Ethiopia during an on-farm study. Treatments started during the last trimester of pregnancy and continued until 6 months after parturition when the foals were weaned. The same treatments were administered to foals once they reached 1 month of age. Live weights of adults and foals were measured throughout the study along with work output of adult donkeys and survival to weaning of the foals. Faecal worm egg counts (FEC) and blood packed cell volumes (PCV) were recorded monthly. When applied alone, anthelmintic treatment (A) or feed supplementation (F) had no significant effect on live weight gain or foal survival. However, when combined, anthelmintic and feed supplementation (A + F) significantly (p < 0.05) improved both live weight gain in adults and foals and foal survival. Workout was not affected by any of the treatments. Treatments A and A+F resulted in a highly significant (p<0.001) reduction in FEC in all three localities during the course of study and for at least 6 months after the last dose of anthelmintic in one of the study areas (Holetta). None of the treatments had any significant effect on PCV. Donkey owners in Ethiopia should be encouraged to adopt both anthelmintic treatment and feed supplementation if they expect tangible benefits in animal performance. 相似文献
5.
Mainly dormant seeds of nine weed species were incubated with 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid in Petri dishes. Four species showed markedly increased germination percentages with doses up to 100 ppm. Interactions of 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid with light in Matricaria recutita L. and with crop root exudates in Striga hermontheca Benth. were found. 相似文献
6.
Like their smallholder subsistence counterparts in developing countries, breed and trait preferences of Sheko cattle keepers
have broad perspectives. Our study has documented breed and trait preferences of Sheko cattle keepers in southwestern Ethiopia—the
natural breeding tract of Sheko cattle. Our results showed that due to their multifunctionality, cattle are the most preferred
livestock species. Overall, farmers showed slightly more preference to local Zebus over Sheko breed. This is due to voracious
feeding behavior of Sheko cattle, which make them less preferable in the face of worsening feed shortage, and due to aggressive
temperament of Sheko cattle. This is despite Sheko's outperforming potential over local Zebus in their milk production, draft
power, and hardiness. At trait level, overall milk production was consistently reported as the most preferred trait followed
by fertility and traction. This trait preference rank has matched with the reported frequency count ranks for Sheko cattle
use. However, breed preference rank has not matched with reported trait preference ranks because Sheko excels local Zebus
in all the three most preferred traits, but it was ranked second. Therefore, to minimize these conflicting interests, breed
management plans for Sheko cattle should target on strategies that help to solve feed shortage problem and to improve feeding
practices, and on selection of less aggressive Sheko cattle. Therefore, these strategies should be considered in line with
Sheko cattle conservation and genetic improvement programs. 相似文献
7.
On-farm survey of farmers' breeding practices, breeding objectives, and selection criteria and on-station feedlot performance
evaluation of Washera sheep were undertaken in Ethiopia. The survey revealed that most (79.8%) of the farmers had no breeding
ram. The mating system was predominantly uncontrolled. A majority (75.5%) of the sheep owners reported that they herded their
sheep flock by mixing with other livestock species mainly with cattle. During grazing, 44.6% of the farmers mix their sheep
flock with neighboring sheep flocks. The major sheep production objective was to generate income from the sale of live sheep.
Fast growth, appearance, coat color, and pedigree performance were important ram selection criteria, respectively. Ability
to breed at early age, pedigree information, mothering ability, and lambing interval were important selection criteria for
ewe, respectively. The on-station performance study involved evaluation of feedlot gains and carcass production under five
levels of feeding regimes (300, 400, 500, 600, and 700 g day−1 of concentrate feed) for a period of 93 days. The results indicated that the feedlot growth and carcass performance of Washera
sheep were very high, with average daily weight gains of up to 126 g and carcass weight of 16 kg, with the optimal level of
supplementation for Washera sheep being at 500 g of concentrate per day for a period of 93 days. 相似文献
8.
A study on seroprevalence of caprine brucellosis under three livestock production systems in southern and central Ethiopia 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
9.
Sanitation from harvest to storage is a key factor in eliminating sources of infection and reducing levels of mycotoxigenic fungal invasion, and thereby mycotoxin contamination. This study was conducted at Haramaya University, Eastern Ethiopia to investigate the effects of threshing methods on fungal invasion and mycotoxin contamination of sorghum grain. The methods included threshing on bare ground, cow-dung-painted ground, concrete asphalt and canvas. The threshed grain was kept separately in bags in three replications in a completely randomized design and stored for five months. The results revealed that all the sorghum grain samples taken from different threshing methods were contaminated with both Aspergillus and Fusarium species. There were variations in fungal invasion between samples taken immediately after threshing and stored samples. The level of Aspergillus spp. invasion was much higher in the latter in sorghum grain threshed on bare ground. The concentration of aflatoxin B1 was gradually increased, whereas the total fumonisin concentration was decreased with the storage duration both in 2013 and 2014. On stored sorghum grain, the highest (1.97 µg kg?1) and the lowest (0.70 µg kg?1) mean aflatoxin B1 concentrations were recorded from sorghum grains threshed on bare ground and on canvas, respectively. Sorghum grain obtained from canvas threshing method had significantly lower mean total fumonisin content (142.5, 54.9 µg kg?1) than grain from the other methods at threshing. The current work clearly demonstrated the effect that threshing might have on fungal invasion and mycotoxin contamination of sorghum grains. . 相似文献
10.