Antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella dublin isolated from cattle in Japan     

Yoshimura H  Endoh YS  Ishimaru M  Takagi M 《The Veterinary record》2000,147(2):48-50

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rep-PCR-Mediated Genomic Fingerprinting: A Rapid and Effective Method to Identify Clavibacter michiganensis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Louws FJ  Bell J  Medina-Mora CM  Smart CD  Opgenorth D  Ishimaru CA  Hausbeck MK  de Bruijn FJ  Fulbright DW 《Phytopathology》1998,88(8):862-868

ABSTRACT The genomic DNA fingerprinting technique known as repetitive-sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) was evaluated as a tool to differentiate subspecies of Clavibacter michiganensis, with special emphasis on C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, the pathogen responsible for bacterial canker of tomato. DNA primers (REP, ERIC, and BOX), corresponding to conserved repetitive element motifs in the genomes of diverse bacterial species, were used to generate genomic fingerprints of C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, C. michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis, C. michiganensis subsp. tessellarius, and C. michiganensis subsp. insidiosum. The rep-PCR-generated patterns of DNA fragments observed after agarose gel electrophoresis support the current division of C. michiganensis into five subspecies. In addition, the rep-PCR fingerprints identified at least four types (A, B, C, and D) within C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis based on limited DNA polymorphisms; the ability to differentiate individual strains may be of potential use in studies on the epidemiology and host-pathogen interactions of this organism. In addition, we have recovered from diseased tomato plants a relatively large number of naturally occurring avirulent C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis strains with rep-PCR fingerprints identical to those of virulent C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis strains.  相似文献   

Behavior of four broad-leaved tree species used to revegetate eroded granite hill slopes     

Kanae Ishimaru  Naoko Tokuchi  Naoya Osawa  Koji Kawamura  Hiroshi Takeda 《Journal of Forest Research》2005,10(1):27-34

Information on primary growth behavior after planting is required for mixed-plantation revegetation using broad-leaved species. To estimate primary growth, especially from the perspective of crown coverage and changing growth rates, we examined the growth and survival of four broad-leaved species that are frequently used in erosion-control plantations in Japan. The species studied were Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc., Alnus pendula Matsum., Quercus glauca Thunb., and Q. serrata Thunb. The survival, height, and basal diameter of planted trees were measured over a 4-year period, and crown area was calculated over a 3-year period. We found a negative relationship between relative growth rate (RGR) and survival rate, suggesting that fast growth may be fatal when resources are severely limited. The relative height growth rate (RHGR) of A. pendula was especially high during the early period of the study (1997–1999) and then drastically declined, whereas the opposite tendency was observed in Q. glauca. The results of stem allometry analyses conformed to the specific relationships between height growth and diameter growth of the four species; increases in stem thickness based on height increments were smaller in the pioneer species A. pendula. Between-species differences in coverage per planted tree (mean crown area multiplied by survival rate) were small as a result of the negative relationship between coverage area and survival rate.  相似文献   

Transverse swelling behavior of hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa) revealed by the replica method     

Yutaka Ishimaru  Ikuho Iida 《Journal of Wood Science》2001,47(3):178-184

Transverse swelling and its anisotropy in hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa) in several kinds of organic liquids and in water were investigated by means the replica method. There was more cross-sectional swelling of cell walls and cell wall thickness in earlywood than in latewood. Marked swelling toward cell lumens was observed in wood swollen in liquids that had higher swelling potentials than water. This suggests that the swelling of cell walls in these liquids is much greater than the external swelling. Feret's diameters of the cell lumens were reduced by swelling in all the observed cases except in the tangential direction of earlywood, suggesting that cell walls swell to a much less extent in width than in thickness. Deformation of cell shapes caused by the tensile force from the latewood were observed in the earlywood and in the transitional region from earlywood to latewood. When swollen in water, transverse swelling anisotropy caused only by the swelling in cell wall thickness were calculated to be 1.2 for the whole region over an annual ring and 1.4 for the earlywood. These values could not account for the external swelling anisotropy of 2.1. Considering obvious deformations of cell shapes in the earlywood and in the transitional region, we conclude that the interaction between earlywood and latewood is one of the prime factors contributing to the transverse swelling anisotropy of coniferous wood.Part of this report was presented at the 48th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Nagoya, April 1998  相似文献   

Different effects of an extended photoperiod treatment on growth,gonadal function,and condition of hair coats in Thoroughbred yearlings reared under different climate conditions     

Tsuyoshi SUZUKI  Hirotoshi MIZUKAMI  Yasuo NAMBO  Mutsuki ISHIMARU  Kenji MIYATA  Kentaro AKIYAMA  Kenji KOROSUE  Hiroshi NAITO  Kentaro NAGAOKA  Gen WATANABE  Kazuyoshi TAYA 《Journal of Equine Science》2015,26(4):113-124

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Comparison of the Occurrence of Transportation-associated Fever in 2 Years Old Thoroughbreds before and after Introduction of Prophylactic Marbofloxacin Administration     

Yoshiro ENDO  Takeru TSUCHIYA  Kentaro AKIYAMA  Naoya TAKEBE  Kenji NAKAI  Kenji KOROSUE  Mutsuki ISHIMARU  Nao TSUZUKI  Seiji HOBO 《Journal of Equine Science》2014,25(4):79-81

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Ethanol-induced apoptotic neurodegeneration and fetal alcohol syndrome     

Ikonomidou C  Bittigau P  Ishimaru MJ  Wozniak DF  Koch C  Genz K  Price MT  Stefovska V  Hörster F  Tenkova T  Dikranian K  Olney JW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,287(5455):1056-1060

The deleterious effects of ethanol on the developing human brain are poorly understood. Here it is reported that ethanol, acting by a dual mechanism [blockade of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors and excessive activation of GABA(A) receptors], triggers widespread apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing rat forebrain. Vulnerability coincides with the period of synaptogenesis, which in humans extends from the sixth month of gestation to several years after birth. During this period, transient ethanol exposure can delete millions of neurons from the developing brain. This can explain the reduced brain mass and neurobehavioral disturbances associated with human fetal alcohol syndrome.  相似文献   

Genetic factors determining varietal differences in characters affecting yield between two rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties,Koshihikari and IR64     

Kazuhiro Ujiie  Toshio Yamamoto  Masahiro Yano  Ken Ishimaru 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2016,63(1):97-123

The yield of Koshihikari, a Japanese premium rice variety, is relatively lower than that of modern high yielding varieties. IR64 carries several well-known genes such as GS3, an important gene for grain size, sd-1, a semi-dwarf gene, and NARROW LEAF1 (NAL1), a gene for small, narrow flag leaves. In this study, we used two sets of chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs), from Koshihikari and IR64, and attempted to evaluate the genetic factors that cause differences between parents by analyzing the function of chromosome regions affecting a trait (CRATs). For 28 traits, we identified 312 CRATs in the Koshihikari background and 275 in the IR64 background. In these, donor alleles had positive effects in 84 and 103 CRATs, respectively. Among these, the CRAT related to GS3 and those for grain number expanded the potential sink size in Koshihikari, although this did not affect final yield. The combination of CRATs that enhances source ability may increase grain yield. Although the sd-1 gene might improve resistance to lodging, the yield of CSSLs with sd-1 decreased by 28.7 %. These results suggest that the smaller biomass conferred by sd-1 might reduce canopy photosynthesis. In the Koshihikari background, the CRAT related to NAL1 and those located on chr. 6 increased SPAD value but had the opposite effect on leaf size. Two CRATs that were detected on chr. 6 and 7 increased leaf area without any effect on the SPAD value. The combination of these CRATs for area and SPAD value might improve source ability.  相似文献   

S-100 protein alpha subunit immunoreactivity of follicular dendritic cells in germinal centers of canine and caprine lymph nodes     

M Sugimura  H Ishimaru  Y Atoji  Y Suzuki 《Nippon juigaku zasshi. The Japanese journal of veterinary science》1987,49(6):1183-1185

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Identification and functional analysis of alleles for productivity in two sets of chromosome segment substitution lines of rice     

Kazuhiro Ujiie  Takayuki Kashiwagi  Ken Ishimaru 《Euphytica》2012,187(3):325-337

Using two sets of chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) of crosses between cvs. ‘Koshihikari’ and ‘Kasalath’ (Ko/Ka) and between ‘Koshihikari’ and ‘Nona Bokra’ (Ko/NB), respectively, we have identified alleles for ten traits related to productivity (e.g., harvest index and biomass) in rice (Oryza sativa L.). A total of 43 chromosome regions affecting traits (CRATs) in Ko/Ka CSSLs and 40 in Ko/NB CSSLs were detected. Among them, ten and 18 CRATs in Ko/Ka and Ko/NB CSSLs, respectively, had positive effects. A CRAT for harvest index (HI) with a positive allele from ‘Kasalath’ on chromosome 6 (tentatively named HI6) increased the HI by 25 % relative to ‘Koshihikari’, raising it to the theoretical upper limit in rice (0.6). Functional analysis using CSSLs with HI6 indicated that HI6 reduced the size of the lower parts of the plant, which is not important for production, while maintaining the size of the other organs related to production (e.g., flag leaf and panicle), resulting in improved nitrogen (N) use efficiency. These results suggest an ‘ideal plant type’ with improved N use efficiency that can sustain higher yields. A CRAT for the SPAD (soil plant analysis development) value, which is a chlorophyll meter value commonly used as an indicator of leaf N content and strongly associated with the source ability of a leaf, with a ‘Nona Bokra’ allele on chromosome 4 increased the value by 13 % relative to ‘Koshihikari’ with no loss of leaf area. These CRATs can be used for the improvement of rice productivity.  相似文献