Physiological Races and Vegetative Compatibility Groups of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae Isolated from Crisphead Lettuce in Japan     

Hideki OGISO  Masashi FUJINAGA  Hideki SAITO  Toshiaki TAKEHARA  Shigeru YAMANAKA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2002,68(4):292-299

One hundred and sixteen isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae obtained from 85 fields in three crisphead lettuce-producing areas in Nagano Prefecture, Japan were typed for races using differential cultivars Patriot, Banchu Red Fire and Costa Rica No. 4. They were also grouped into vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) using complementation tests with nitrate non-utilizing (nit) mutants. Two California strains reported as F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucum, a type culture of F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae, and 28 avirulent isolates of F. oxysporum obtained from crisphead lettuce were included for comparison. Among Nagano isolates, 66 isolates were identified as race 1, and 50 as race 2. Race 1 strains derived from Shiojiri and Komoro cities and race 2 from Kawakami village and Komoro city. All isolates of race 2 were biotin auxotrophs, and the race could be distinguished based on its requirement for biotin on minimal nitrate agar medium (MM). Pathogenic isolates were classified into two VCGs and three heterokaryon self-incompatible isolates. Strong correlations were found between race and VCG. All the race 1 strains were assigned to VCG 1 except self-incompatible isolates, and all the race 2 strains to VCG 2. The 28 avirulent isolates of F. oxysporum were incompatible with VCG 1 and VCG 2. California strains was vegetatively compatible with VCG 1, and they were assigned to race 1. Based on vegetative compatibility, these two races of F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae may be genetically distinct, and F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae race 1 is identical to F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucum. Received 7 May 2002/ Accepted in revised form 6 September 2002  相似文献   

Ecological land evaluation for nature redevelopment in river areas     

Nakagoshi  Nobukazu  Kondo  Toshiaki 《Landscape Ecology》2002,17(1):83-93

Landscape enhancement projects are under way at the Yamanakadani and Kadowaki rivers, which run through the campus of Hiroshima University, Japan. At both sites, the ecological value of land was determined from two aspects: (1) value as vegetation and (2) value to birds. To evaluate the vegetation, we selected conservation sites and suitable sites for enhancement considering rarity and recovery potential of vegetation, and access to users and construction equipment. We determined that the area of forest, the number of forest vertical layers, and forest pattern help sustain avian diversity and contribute toward the area functioning as an avian corridor.  相似文献   

Leak detection by monitoring pressure to preserve integrity of agricultural pipe     

Asada  Yohei  Kimura  Masaomi  Azechi  Issaku  Iida  Toshiaki  Kubo  Naritaka 《Paddy and Water Environment》2019,17(3):351-358

Paddy and Water Environment - Leakage of agricultural pipes has been increasingly frequent problems due to corrosion, loosening of joints, and cracks, which result in the subsidence of peripheral...  相似文献   

Effects of feeding different levels of concentrate on growth and carcass characteristics in younger Japanese Black cattle     

Toshihiro NADE  Toshiaki OKUMURA  Satsuki MISUMI  Kazuhisa FUJITA 《Animal Science Journal》2005,76(1):43-49

The effects of a higher concentrate feed during the raising period on the growth and carcass of Japanese Black cattle being fattened at a younger age were investigated using three pairs of artificially bred identical twins and three pairs of full‐sibs. The animals were fed the concentrate at 2.4%/day (2.4% group) and 1.2%/day (1.2% group) comparative bodyweight (BW) during the raising period. The BW and subcutaneous fat thickness were measured every month using ultrasonic equipment. The animals were slaughtered at the age of 24 months. The BW of the 2.4% group from the age of 6–10 months appeared to be higher than that of the 1.2% group (P < 0.1). The subcutaneous fat of the 2.4% group from the age of 7–11 months was thicker than that of the 1.2% group (P < 0.1). After those ages, the BW and subcutaneous fat of the two groups did not differ and there was no difference in the carcass characteristics between the two groups. Using a higher concentrate feed during the raising period for younger fattening of Japanese Black cattle influenced growth from the late half of the raising period to the early part of the fattening period.  相似文献   

Development of X-ray computed tomography for live standing cattle     

Toshihiro NADE  Kazuhisa FUJITA  Masashi FUJII  Masaya YOSHIDA  Teikichi HARYU  Satsuki MISUMI  Toshiaki OKUMURA 《Animal Science Journal》2005,76(5):513-517

An X‐ray computed tomography (CT) system for live standing cattle was developed for studying the meat yield, carcass composition and so on. The gantry contained three X‐ray tubes and detectors that corresponded to each X‐ray tube. The system was able to operate while the animal remained standing. The scan area had a diameter of 900 mm. The Musculus longissimus and Musculus trapezius areas, and the back fat thickness in the CT image were evaluated and compared to the actual cross‐section of the carcass using eight cattle. The differences among the muscles, and the subcutaneous and intermuscular fat were easily recognized. The correlation coefficient between the CT image and the actual carcass photograph of the M. longissimus area and the back fat thickness was high (r = 0.84, r = 0.93, P < 0.01). The present study demonstrated that muscle, fat and bone can be clearly imaged from a live standing animal using X‐ray equipment.  相似文献   

Isolation of Pathogenicity Mutants of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis by Insertional Mutagenesis     

lori INOUE  Toshiaki OHARA  Fumio NAMIKI  Takashi TSUGE 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2001,67(3):191-199

Restriction enzyme-mediated integration (REMI) mutagenesis was used to isolate mutants of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis impaired in pathogenicity. The race 2 strain Mel02010 was transformed with linearized pSH75, conferring resistance to hygromycin B, with or without the enzyme used to linearize the plasmid. Addition of restriction enzymes did not affect the transformation frequency. A total of 2929 REMI transformants were tested for pathogenicity to three melon cultivars, Amus, Ogon 9 and Ohi. The race 2 strains are pathogenic to Amus and Ogon 9, but not to Ohi. Of 43 transformants with reduced pathogenicity on susceptible melon cultivars, 12 mutants were examined in detail for pathogenicity, vegetative growth and integrative mode of pSH75. The levels of pathogenicity varied among these mutants. Two mutants (B48 and B137) almost completely lost pathogenicity to both susceptible cultivars, and the others had reduced pathogenicity. Mutants B48, B241, B886 and X36 were also impaired in vegetative growth. Mutant B809 was a biotin auxotroph. By DNA gel blot analysis, nine mutants were found to contain a single copy of the transformation vector. These mutants may thus be useful in isolating genes involved in pathogenicity. Received 22 December 2000/ Accepted in revised form 16 April 2001  相似文献   

Establishment of a new canine cell line (CCT) originated from a cutaneous malignant histiocytosis     

Sakai H  Nakano H  Yamaguchi R  Yonemaru K  Yanai T  Masegi T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(6):731-735

A new canine cell line, named CCT, was established from the cutaneous malignant histiocytosis in a 4-year-old male Borzoi. CCT proliferated with loose adherence and doubling time was approximately 30 hr. When co-cultured with latex beads, CCT phagocytized beads vigorously. Lysozyme and vimentin were positive by immunostaining, and non-specific esterase and acid phosphatase were positive by cytochemical staining. These features indicated the cells had a histiocytic nature. Furthermore, by subcutaneous injection to nude mice CCT could successfully form tumors with the morphological and immunohistochemical features similar to the original tumor.  相似文献   

Synthesis and insecticidal activity of benzoheterocyclic analogues of N'-benzoyl-N-(tert-butyl)benzohydrazide: Part 3. Modification of N-tert-butylhydrazine moiety     

Sawada Y  Yanai T  Nakagawa H  Tsukamoto Y  Tamagawa Y  Yokoi S  Yanagi M  Toya T  Sugizaki H  Kato Y  Shirakura H  Watanabe T  Yajima Y  Kodama S  Masui A 《Pest management science》2003,59(1):49-57

Nineteen analogues were synthesized by modifying the tert-butylhydrazine moieties of N'-tert-butyl-N'-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)-5-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine-6-carbohydrazide and N'-tert-butyl-N'-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)-5-methylchromane-6-carbohydrazide (chromafenozide), and the synthesized analogues were evaluated for their insecticidal activity against Spodoptera litura F. While all of the synthesized analogues had insecticidal activity inferior to those of the lead compounds, several of the analogues nonetheless showed high insecticidal activity. Chromafenozide has shown very high selectivity toward lepidopteran species.  相似文献   

Estimation of the carcass composition from a cross-section of the rib-loin from crossbred Japanese Black × Limousin F2 cattle by computer image analysis     

Toshihiro NADE  Jun-ichi SABURI  Tsuyosi ABE  Tetsuo NAKAGAWA  Toshiaki OKUMURA  Satsuki MISUMI  Kunihiko SAITO  Tadashi KAWAMURA  Kazuhisa FUJITA 《Animal Science Journal》2007,78(6):567-574

The carcass composition of crossbred Japanese Black × Limousin F2 cattle was examined in order to find an accurate carcass composition equation. The test animals included 17 steers and 17 heifers. The 28 image measurements from the area encircling the vertical line to the thoracic vertebra and the line from the thoracic vertebra between the sixth and seventh rib‐bones were measured by computer image analysis. The relationships between the 29 parameters that added the carcass left side weight of the animal and the carcass composition were suggested. The carcass composition included muscle weight, muscle ratio, fat weight and fat ratio. The carcass composition from steers was estimated by an equation composed of these three or four parameters (R² = 90.80%, 79.30%, 90.75% and 73.70%, respectively). The selected parameters were measured without cutting the thoracic vertebra. The carcass composition from heifers was estimated by an equation composed of two to four parameters (R² = 96.15%, 90.98%, 93.60% and 88.22%, respectively). The parameters for the estimation of the muscle and fat weight, and muscle and fat ratio are very similar. Furthermore, the equations using the parameters could estimate the carcass composition from the Japanese Black × Limousin cattle resource population.  相似文献   

Optimal application timing of simeconazole granules for control of rice kernel smut and false smut   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mikio Tsuda  Masashi Sasahara  Toshiaki Ohara  Shigehiro Kato 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2006,72(5):301-304

We investigated the optimal timing of simeconazole (RS-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-3-trimethylsilylpropan-2-ol) application for controlling rice kernel smut in field trials in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, using formulations of simeconazole (1.5% granules). The field tests revealed that a submerged application of simeconazole granules (450–600 g ai/ha) at 1–5 weeks before heading was highly effective against kernel smut, with treatments 1–2 weeks before heading being the most effective. Submerged application of the fungicide at 2–5 weeks before heading was also highly effective against false smut, with treatment 3 weeks before heading being the most effective. These periods overlap the timing for optimal application of simeconazole to control rice sheath blight and ear blight. Consequently, we concluded that treatment with simeconazole 2–3 weeks before heading can be a useful tool for controlling all four diseases.  相似文献