Establishment of the baseline sensitivity and monitoring response of Papaver rhoeas populations to florasulam     

Paterson EA  Shenton ZL  Straszewski AE 《Pest management science》2002,58(9):964-966

In accordance with the EPPO guideline for the efficacy evaluation of plant protection products, resistance risk analysis PP 1/213(1), a method was established to determine the baseline sensitivity of key weed species to florasulam, a new triazolopyrimidine sulfonanilide herbicide for post-emergence control of dicotyledonous weeds in cereals. The aim of the baseline monitoring project was to understand the natural variation in response to florasulam of diverse populations of Papaver rhoeas at the time of product launch. The method entailed seed collection from representative agricultural areas throughout Europe. The seed was subjected to glasshouse tests where dose-response studies were conducted and ED80 values generated. This enabled a sensitivity index to be calculated for each country, giving an indication of the variation in P rhoeas response to florasulam in the populations tested.  相似文献   

Salinity studies on the clams Katelysia rhytiphora (Lamy) and Tapes dorsatus (Lamarck)     

J A Nell  K J Paterson 《Aquaculture Research》1997,28(2):115-119

The estuarine clams Katelysia rhytiphora (Lamy) and Tapes dorsatus (Lamarck) require salinities of 20–45%₀ for survival and of 25–35%₀ and 30–40%₀ respectively for best growth. The highest 24-h algae clearance rates for K. rhytiphora and T. dorsatus were observed at salinities of 25–35%₀ and 30–35%₀ respectively. Neither species survived longer than 7 days at salinities <20%₀ and they can. therefore, only be grown in the high-salinity parts of estuaries. The salinity requirements of these clams should be a primary consideration when selecting farming sites. Other species of bivalves that tolerate lower salinities should also be considered for farming in brackish water areas of New South Wales, Australia.  相似文献   

Stocking density and artificial habitat influence stock structure and yield from intensive nursery systems for mud crabs Scylla serrata (Forsskål 1775)     

David L Mann  Tom Asakawa  Beverley Kelly  Trent Lindsay  & Brian Paterson 《Aquaculture Research》2007,38(14):1580-1587

Intensive nursery systems are designed to culture mud crab postlarvae through a critical phase in preparation for stocking into growout systems. This study investigated the influence of stocking density and provision of artificial habitat on the yield of a cage culture system. For each of three batches of postlarvae, survival, growth and claw loss were assessed after each of three nursery phases ending at crab instars C1/C2, C4/C5 and C7/C8. Survival through the first phase was highly variable among batches with a maximum survival of 80% from megalops to a mean crab instar of 1.5. Stocking density between 625 and 2300 m⁻² did not influence survival or growth in this first phase. Stocking densities tested in phases 2 and 3 were 62.5, 125 and 250 m⁻². At the end of phases 2 and 3, there were five instar stages present, representing a more than 20‐fold size disparity within the populations. Survival became increasingly density‐sensitive following the first phase, with higher densities resulting in significantly lower survival (phase 2: 63% vs. 79%; phase 3: 57% vs. 64%). The addition of artificial habitat in the form of pleated netting significantly improved survival at all densities. The mean instar attained by the end of phase 2 was significantly larger at a lower stocking density and without artificial habitat. No significant effect of density or habitat on harvest size was detected in phase 3. The highest incidence of claw loss was 36% but was reduced by lowering stocking densities and addition of habitat. For intensive commercial production, yield can be significantly increased by addition of a simple net structure but rapidly decreases the longer crablets remain in the nursery.  相似文献   

Reduced blood flow to peripheral and core body tissues in sheep and cattle induced by endophyte-infected tall fescue   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M T Rhodes  J A Paterson  M S Kerley  H E Garner  M H Laughlin 《Journal of animal science》1991,69(5):2033-2043

Four wethers and 14 steers (environmentally heat stressed, 32 degrees C, 60% relative humidity) were evaluated for changes in blood flow induced by endophyte-infected tall fescue. Concentration of the ergopeptide ergovaline was used as an indicator of diet toxicity due to the endophytic fungus Acremonium coenophialum. Blood flow to specific tissues was measured using radiolabeled microspheres. Wethers received one of two dietary treatments for 30 d before determination of tissue blood flow: 1) a low-endophyte diet (less than .05 ppm ergovaline) or 2) a high-endophyte (1.18 ppm ergovaline) diet. Blood flows to the adrenal glands and skin covering the inner hind leg were less (P less than .10) in wethers consuming the high-endophyte diet than in those consuming the low-endophyte diet. Tissue blood flows in steers were determined on two occasions: 1) after steers had received a low- (less than .01 ppm ergovaline) or high-endophyte (.52 ppm ergovaline) fescue diet for 14 d and 2) 8 d after steers had been switched to a common, fescue-free diet. Blood flows to skin covering the ribs, cerebellum of the brain, duodenum, and colon were less (P less than .10) in steers consuming the high-endophyte diet. However, 8 d after consuming fescue-free diets, steers that had previously consumed the high-endophyte diet had greater (P = .08) blood flow to the coronary bands of the front hooves than steers that had consumed the low-endophyte diet. Blood flows to all other tissues were similar between treatments. We inferred from these experiments that the toxin(s) associated with endophyte-infected tall fescue caused decreased blood flow to peripheral and core body tissues and that this effect was abated within 8 d of removing the toxin(s).  相似文献   

Ancient Polyploidy and Modem Crop Plants     

A.H. Paterson 《分子植物育种》2007,5(2):151-151

The growing set of fully-sequenced angiosperm genomes highlight the role of polyploidy in angiosperm evolution, and suggest that even the high level of importance we had already attributed to this mechanism was inadequate. Gene loss following whole-genome duplication events has contributed much to the incongruities that we observe in comparative genetic maps, and presumably has also contributed to functional divergence of taxa. Ancient genome duplication has several consequences for levels and patterns of variation in modern plant populations, in particular contributing to the relatively conservative evolution of duplicated genes even at distant locations from one another in the genome. Comparison of gene retention/loss following independent whole-genome duplication events suggests patterns that may be relevant to the survival and productivity of newly-formed polyploids, with numerous implications for crop improvement.  相似文献   

Ancient Polyploidy and Modern Crop Plants     

The growing set of fully-sequenced angiosperm genomes highlight the role of polyploidy in angiosperm evolution    suggest that even the high level of importance we had already attributed to this mechanism was inadequate.…… 《分子植物育种》2007,5(2):151

The growing set of fully-sequenced angiosperm genomes highlight the role of polyploidy in angiosperm evolution, and suggest that even the high level of importance we had already attributed to this mechanism was inadequate.  相似文献   

alpha-Cardiac actin is the major sarcomeric isoform expressed in embryonic avian skeletal muscle   总被引：33，自引：0，他引：33  

B M Paterson  J D Eldridge 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1984,224(4656):1436-1438

  相似文献   

Nuclear magnetic resonance studies and water "ordering" in the crystalline lens   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M C Neville  C A Paterson  J L Rae  D E Woessner 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1974,184(4141):1072-1074

Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the relaxation times of the water in the crystalline lens show that, as in all interfacial systems, these parameters are markedly reduced from their values in pure water, that T(2) is less than T(1), and that both depend on water content. Determination of diffusion coefficients and studies on physiologically inert lenses indicate that reduced relaxation times do not provide direct evidence for ordering of the bulk of the cell water.  相似文献   

大丽轮枝菌毒素诱导表达陆地棉cDNA序列的克隆与定位   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王力华  戴小枫  方宣均  戎均康 《中国农业科学》2004,37(10):1474-1480

 为获得陆地棉黄萎病抗性相关候选基因，利用棉花黄萎病菌大丽轮枝菌V991毒素粗提物诱导耐黄萎病陆地棉品种'中棉12'应激基因的表达。在诱导幼根24 h时间点提取总RNA，PCR法合成双链cDNA，应用抑制消减杂交技术[1]，得到了差异表达的180个克隆。经反Northern blot筛选出15个受毒素粗提物诱导应激表达的阳性cDNA克隆，将其命名为Vdrg（response gene induced by toxin of Verticillium dahliae）。本研究对所得阳性cDNA克隆进行了序列分析，并利用Pima S6 与 Acala Maxxa 海陆杂交四倍体棉花F2群体对Vdrg序列进行了棉花基因组定位。  相似文献   

Creation and manipulation of three-dimensional optically trapped structures     

MacDonald MP  Paterson L  Volke-Sepulveda K  Arlt J  Sibbett W  Dholakia K 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,296(5570):1101-1103

An interferometric pattern between two annular laser beams is used to construct three-dimensional (3D) trapped structures within an optical tweezers setup. In addition to being fully translatable in three dimensions, the trapped structure can be rotated controllably and continuously by introducing a frequency difference between the two laser beams. These interference patterns could play an important role in the creation of extended 3D crystalline structures.  相似文献