TCD燃烧系统对柴油机燃烧和排放性能改善效果的试验研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

康与宁  李向荣  薄大伟  陈彦林  刘栋  常江 《农业工程学报》2021,37(11):50-59

为探究道依茨TCD2015柴油机上配备的导流燃烧系统(简称TCD燃烧系统,T表示涡轮增压器,Turbocharger,C表示进气中冷,Charge air cooling,D为柴油颗粒捕集器,Diesel particle filter)对改善柴油机燃烧性能和降低污染物排放的效果,采用单缸机试验对TCD燃烧系统在不同转速、负荷和过量空气系数下的燃烧和排放性能进行研究。试验结果表明不同工况下TCD燃烧系统燃油消耗率和Soot排放量均低于传统ω燃烧系统,燃油消耗率最大降幅为7.01%,Soot排放量最大降幅为86.67%,且低过量空气系数(1.2～1.6)下TCD燃烧系统仍具有较好的性能。为揭示TCD燃烧系统改善油气混合促进燃烧的机理,采用AVL Fire软件建立了柴油机性能仿真模型。计算结果表明,TCD燃烧系统的环状凸起结构将燃油导向内外两室,从而促进了缸内燃油发展过程,燃油当量比大于4的浓混合气区域燃油质量比例相比ω燃烧系统降幅最大为9.75%,活塞下移时TCD燃烧系统内油束撞击浅盘侧壁形成撞壁射流扩大了燃油扩散面积,从而改善了缸内油气混合质量,燃油当量比小于1的均匀混合气区域燃油质量比例相比ω燃烧系统降幅最大为7.45%,因此TCD燃烧系统能够有效改善柴油机的燃烧和排放性能,可应用于柴油机高负荷和低过量空气系数工况综合性能提升。研究结果可为柴油机燃烧系统开发和改进提供参考。  相似文献   

土壤铅和镉溶出伏安法检测中影响因素及其削弱方法研究进展   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

刘宁  赵国  刘刚 《农业工程学报》2021,37(18):232-243

溶出伏安法具有分析速度快、成本低、灵敏度高等优点被广泛应用于检测土壤重金属含量，但在检测土壤重金属时，溶出伏安检测精度会受到多方面因素的影响。该文在介绍溶出伏安法工作原理的基础上，从伏安参数、试验条件和土壤物质成分三方面阐述溶出伏安法检测土壤Pb2+和Cd2+为的影响因素，解析各因素的影响机理，归纳影响削弱方法的研究进展。研究结论为：方波脉冲阳极溶出伏安法最常用于检测土壤Pb2+和Cd2+，伏安参数包括脉冲幅值、电压增量和脉冲频率，试验条件包括沉积时间、沉积电压和支持电解质种类及其pH值，土壤成分主要干扰因素包括非目标重金属和有机质。针对伏安参数和试验条件的影响可以设计优化试验有效削弱。针对非目标重金属和有机质的干扰影响，目前研究还没有提出有效的削弱方法。最后，展望了溶出伏安法检测土壤重金属的未来发展方向。  相似文献   

滇中冷凉山区不同播期反季花椰菜产量效益分析     

李艳兰  张云明  李祥  胡新洲  段永华  刘坚坚  安正云  易丽华  蔡述江  王爱明  陶春红  史兰芬  李文静  杨进成 《农学学报》2021,11(9):58-63

为摸索滇中高海拔冷凉山区反季节栽培花椰菜的最佳播期以集成高效栽培技术推广应用,于2017—2018年选择海拔2250 m的云南省峨山县塔甸镇大西村地块进行9个播期的2年随机区组试验。结果表明,花椰菜生育期随播期推迟而延长,而花球采收期除播期7月10日外随播期推迟而逐渐增长;花椰菜株高、外叶数、开展度、球高、球径和单球重等农艺性状有随播期延迟呈现先逐渐减小而后又逐渐增大的趋势;莲座期黑腐病和霜霉病的病情指数随着播期的延迟呈现先逐渐升高而后又逐渐下降的趋势;花椰菜小区产量随着播期的延迟呈现先逐渐下降而后又逐渐提高的趋势,播期4月20日和4月30日与其余7个播期产量之间的差异达极显著水平。综合花椰菜在冷凉山区反季节栽培的生产实际和各播期产量产值及商品性表现,推荐滇中高海拔冷凉山区反季节栽培花椰菜的最佳播期为4月20—30日。  相似文献   

Effects of music stimulus on behavior response,cortisol level,and horizontal immunity of growing pigs     

Jiafang Li  Xiang Li  Honggui Liu  Jianhong Li  Qian Han  Chao Wang  Xiangyin Zeng  Yutao Li  Wenbo Ji  Runxiang Zhang  Jun Bao 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(5)

An enriched environment is widely used to improve domestic animals’ welfare and promote their natural behaviors. Music can reduce abnormal behavior in humans, nonhuman primates, and rodents. However, little is known about the effects of music on pigs. This study aims to explore the effects of repeated music stimulation on the behavior, physiology, and immunity of growing pigs. A total of 72 hybrid piglets (Large White × Duroc × Minpig) were randomly divided into three groups, including music (Mozart K.448, 60 to 70 dB), noise (recorded mechanical noise, 80 to 85 dB), and control (natural background sound, <40 dB), and 6 h sound stimulation was given per day (1000 to 1600 hours) from 40 to 100 d of age. The behavioral activities of the pigs were observed during the music stimulation, and their serum cortisol, salivary cortisol, and serum immune indices were also measured. Compared with the control group, the music group and noise group increased activity but decreased lying of pigs (P < 0.05). A significant increase in tail-wagging, playing, and exploring behaviors of pigs was found in the music group (P < 0.05), and the noise significantly increased the aggressive behavior of the pigs (P < 0.05). Tail-wagging, playing, exploring, manipulating, and aggressive behaviors decreased over time. Short-term (8 d) music stimulus had a lower cortisol level than that of the noise and control groups (P < 0.05), whereas long-term (60 d) music stimulus increased immunoglobulin G (IgG), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels (P < 0.05) and decreased interleukin-4 (IL-4) level (P < 0.05). Long-term noise stimulus significantly reduced the level of IgG (P < 0.05) but did not affect the level of IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-γ levels (P > 0.05). In conclusion, short-term music stimulus (8 d) reduced the stress response, whereas long-term music stimulus (60 d) enhanced the immune responses. In addition, the noise increased the aggressive behavior, and long-term noise reduced the immunity of the growing pigs.  相似文献   

Effects of three methionine sources in diets on temporal B0AT1 and ASCT2 mRNA expression in different intestinal segments of cobia,Rachycentron canadum     

Yuanfa He  Shuyan Chi  Beiping Tan  Xiaohui Dong  Qihui Yang  Hongyu Liu  Shuang Zhang 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2021,52(1):171-183

A 4‐week feeding trial was conducted using five groups of hybrid grouper (61.15 ± 0.15 g) to explore the potential effects of three methionine (Met) sources. Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated that included a fishmeal (FM) diet; nonsupplemented (NS) diet; or NS diets with the addition of the L‐methionine (L‐Met), DL‐methionine (DL‐Met), or coated Met (Co‐Met) to obtain the same Met level as the FM diet. Fish were randomly distributed into sea cages (30 fish per cage). Weight gain and specific growth rate in the DL‐Met group and FM group were significantly higher than those in all other groups (p < .05). In the proximal and distal intestines, of the 20 gene and time combinations (10 per gene), there were 14 combinations (70%) in which there were no significant differences in gene expression levels between the FM and DL‐Met groups (p > .05). The main reason for the same growth effect between the DL‐Met and FM groups may be attributed to the synchronized absorption at most time points after feeding, which had similar expression patterns of B⁰AT1 and ASCT2 of the proximal and distal intestines between two groups.  相似文献   

OsbZIP09, a Unique OsbZIP Transcription Factor of Rice,Promotes Rather Than Suppresses Seed Germination by Attenuating Abscisic Acid Pathway     

Wang Chuxin  Zhu Chengchao  Zhou Yu  Xiong Min  Wang Jindong  Bai Huang  Lu Chenya  Zhang Changquan  Liu Qiaoquan  Li Qianfeng 《水稻科学》2021,28(4):358-367

  相似文献   

云南省部分养殖场鸡传染性贫血病毒核酸检测及VP2基因序列分析     

王斌  张振兴  宋建领 《中国动物检疫》2021,38(10):27-29

为了解云南省鸡传染性贫血病毒（chicken anemia virus，CAV）的流行及其VP2基因变异情况，2017—2020年，在昆明市、楚雄州、大理州、红河州、玉溪市等家禽养殖密集区的89个鸡场，采集422份疑似病鸡肝脏样品，通过PCR方法检测CAV核酸。结果显示，检出阳性245份，平均阳性率为58.06%；不同年份的CAV核酸阳性率为53.61%~60.91%，不同区域核酸阳性率为51.68%~63.52%。对3份CAV阳性样品进行VP2基因序列分析，发现核苷酸序列同源性为99.6%~99.8%，与参考毒株1852TW和N7的核苷酸同源性为99.6%~99.8%，均属于GroupA分支。结果表明：云南省普遍存在CAV感染，且感染较严重；VP2基因仍可作为PCR病毒核酸检测的首选目标基因。通过加强鸡群CAV监测，淘汰阳性鸡群和结合疫苗免疫，可减少该病造成的损失。  相似文献   

马铃薯致病疫霉拮抗细菌研究进展     

高梦颖  付海燕  孙丛  王颜波  刘春光  马玉堃  杨峰山 《中国农学通报》2021,37(14):136-140

为了解决马铃薯致病疫霉侵染马铃薯导致其死亡,进而造成马铃薯单位种植产量低的问题。本文从拮抗菌入手,归纳分析细菌类拮抗菌中的主要拮抗菌中芽孢杆菌、假单胞菌和粘细菌对马铃薯致病疫霉的抑制作用。同时,在总结前人研究的基础上,笔者认为在拮抗菌应用方面,可以采用多对一的新型平板对峙筛菌模式来模拟复杂条件下拮抗菌的拮抗作用,以期得到稳定的拮抗菌;并指出应从定植能力和根际微生物影响方面对拮抗菌实际应用的可行性进行研究;此外,提出未来对拮抗菌抑制马铃薯致病疫霉的探究应从表型层面的研究深入到分子层面,以期能成功从源头找寻抑制马铃薯致病疫霉的答案。  相似文献   

东北宿根花卉在花海建设中的应用——以莲花山花海项目为例     

张晓丽  陈亚林  程彬  杨帆  朱春英  于春波 《吉林林业科技》2021,50(5):30-33

本文以莲花山南北向花海的东北宿根花卉种植为例,介绍了东北宿根花卉在花海及园林绿化工程中的应用,并总结了在施工过程中遇到的问题,为今后花海的景观设计及施工提供思路和方向.  相似文献   

强化型EM菌剂对金针菇菌糠堆肥的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘维维  金晓  辛寒晓  史庆华  姚强  刘丽英  孙中涛 《中国农学通报》2020,36(22):78-85

为提高EM菌剂在菌糠堆肥中的应用效果,加速腐熟进程,改善堆肥质量,采用纤维素酶与木聚糖酶高产菌株黑曲霉SNH-7、蛋白酶高产菌株枯草芽孢杆菌SNK-103与EM菌剂进行复配,研制强化型EM菌剂,并研究其对菌糠堆肥的影响。结果表明：与普通EM菌剂相比,接种强化型EM菌剂的处理堆肥过程中微生物代谢更加旺盛,温度、pH、EC值、总有机碳、可溶性有机碳、总氮、铵态氮、硝态氮、C/N、腐植酸和黄腐酸含量等理化指标的升高或降低幅度更大,腐熟进程加快;成品堆肥的GI提高,C/N降低,总氮、硝态氮、总腐植酸和游离腐植酸的含量升高,生物安全性更好、肥效更高。说明在EM菌剂中补充纤维素酶、木聚糖酶和蛋白酶高产菌株,可强化其对纤维素、木质素和蛋白质的降解能力,在无辅料、高C/N、低pH的不利条件下,添加该菌剂能加速堆肥进程,提高堆肥质量。  相似文献