Perceptions and opinions of pet owners in the United Sates about surgery,pain management,and anesthesia in dogs and cats          下载免费PDF全文

Bradley T. Simon DVM  MSc  DACVAA  Elizabeth M. Scallan DVM  MBA  MS  CVA  CCRP  Dirsko J. F. Von Pfeil DVM  DACVS  DECVS  DACVSMR  Daniel T. Boruta DVM  DACVAA  Rick Wall DVM  DACVSMR  CCRP  Belle M. Nibblett DVM  MVSc  DACVIM  O Odette DVM  DACVAA  Guy Beauchamp PhD  Paulo V. Steagall DVM  MSc  PhD  DACVAA 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2018,47(2):277-284

  相似文献   

Heritability and genetic correlations between rumination time and production traits in Holstein dairy cows during different lactation phases          下载免费PDF全文

Riccardo Moretti  Marcos Paulo Gonçalves de Rezende  Stefano Biffani  Riccardo Bozzi 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2018,135(4):293-299

So far, rumination has been used as a proxy for monitoring dairy cow health at farm level. However, investigating its genetic aspects as well as its correlation with other important productive traits may turn this management tool into a new informative selection criterion. However, scientific evidences on genetic correlation among rumination time (RT) and milk production and milk composition are still scarce. Therefore, the objective of this study was to estimate the heritability of RT across three lactation phases and its genetic correlation with milk production, milk composition and somatic cell count (SCC). Results of our study showed that heritability for RT was 0.34 and was constant across lactation. The mean genetic correlations between RT and milk production and composition traits were 0.07 (milk production), ?0.07 (protein yield), ?0.31 (fat yield), and ?0.32 (fat/protein ratio). The mean genetic correlation between RT and the SCC was 0.05.  相似文献   

A 3-year assessment of nitrous oxide emission factors for urine and dung of grazing sheep in a subtropical ecosystem     

de Bastos  Diego Fernandes  Magiero  Emanuelle Cavazini  Tomazi  Michely  Schirmann  Janquieli  Veloso  Murilo G.  de Faccio Carvalho  Paulo César  Bayer  Cimélio 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2020,20(2):982-991

Purpose

Grazing livestock has strong impact on global nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions by providing N sources through excreta. The scarcity of information on factors influencing N₂O emissions from sheep excreta in subtropical ecosystems such as those of Southern Brazil led us to conduct field trials in three different winter pasture seasons on an integrated crop–livestock system (ICL) in order to assess N₂O emission factors (EF-N₂O) in response to variable rates of urine and dung.

Materials and methods

The equivalent urine-N loading rates for the three winter seasons (2009, 2010, and 2013) ranged from 96 to 478 kg ha^?1, and the dung-N rates applied in 2009 and 2010 were 81 and 76 kg ha^?1, respectively. Air was sampled from closed static chambers (0.20 m in diameter) for approximately 40 days after excreta application and analyzed for N₂O by gas chromatography.

Results and discussion

Soil N₂O-N fluxes spanned the ranges 4 to 353 μg m^?2 h^?1 in 2009, ??47 to 976 μg m^?2 h^?1 in 2010, and 46 to 339 μg m^?2 h^?1 in 2013. Urine addition resulted in N₂O-N peaks within for up to 20–30 days after application in the 3 years, and the strength of the peaks was linearly related to the N rate used. Emission factors of N₂O (EF-N₂O, % of N applied that is emitted as N₂O) of urine ranged from 0.06 to 0.34% and were essentially independent of N rate applied. By considering a ratio of N excreted by urine and dung of 60:40, a single combined excretal EF-N₂O of 0.14% was estimated.

Conclusions

Our findings showed higher mean EF-N₂O for sheep urine than that for dung (0.21% vs 0.03%), irrespective of the occurrence or not of urine patches overlap. This value is much lower than default value of 1% of IPCC’s Tier 1 and reinforces the needs of its revision.

  相似文献   

Unravelling the relationship between a seasonal environment and the dynamics of forage growth in grazed swards     

André Fischer Sbrissia  Daniel Schmitt  Paulo Gonçalves Duchini  Sila Carneiro Da Silva 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2020,206(5):630-639

It is well reported in the scientific literature that pastures can have similar net forage accumulation when managed with contrasting structures. However, we hypothesized that the dynamics of forage accumulation in grazed swards is linked to seasonal-environmental conditions. Marandu palisadegrass (Brachiaria brizantha [Hochst. ex A. Rich.] was used as the forage species model. The experimental treatments were four grazing heights (10, 20, 30 and 40 cm) allocated to experimental units according to a randomized complete block design with four replicates and evaluated throughout four contrasting environmental seasons (summer, autumn, winter–early spring and late spring). Under rainy and warm periods, greater net forage accumulation was observed in pastures maintained taller; on the contrary, during the mild and dry periods, net forage accumulation rate reduced as grazing height increased. Such patterns of responses were related to compensations between tiller population density and tissues flows during summer and late spring and the reduced capacity of taller canopies to compensate lower population with greater growth rates during autumn and winter–early spring. Grazed swards changed their patterns of forage growth as they transitioned from favourable to more abiotic stressful conditions, suggesting that seasonal adjustments in grazing intensities are necessary in order to maximize forage production.  相似文献   

How does water and salt stress affect the germination and initial growth of Brazilian soya bean cultivars?     

Alan Mario Zuffo  Fábio Steiner  Tiago de Oliveira Sousa  Jorge González Aguilera  Paulo Eduardo Teodoro  Francisco de Alcântara Neto  Rafael Felippe Ratke 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2020,206(6):837-850

The effects of water and salt stress on rate of germination and seedling growth were investigated under laboratory conditions in 46 soya bean genotypes from Central-West region of Brazil to verify how these stresses may limit crop establishment during the initial growth stage and also to identify the most tolerant genotypes to drought and salinity. Mild water and salt stresses were imposed by seed exposure to –0.20 MPa iso-osmotic solutions with polyethylene glycol—PEG 6000 (119.57 g/L) or NaCl (2.357 g/L) for 12 days at 25°C. The germination percentage, seedling length and seedling dry matter were measured, and then, salt or drought tolerance indexes were calculated. The “NS 5909 RG,” “NS 7000 IPRO,” “NS 7338IPRO,” “FPS Solimões RR,” “NS 5151 IPRO,” “SYN 13610 IPRO,” “LG 60177 IPRO,” “NS 6909 IPRO” and “BMX Desafio RR” were identified as the most drought-tolerant genotypes, whereas under salinity conditions, the genotypes “5D 615 RR,” “BMX Desafio RR,” “5D 6215 IPRO” and “BMX Ponta IPRO” were identified as tolerant. The “BMX Desafio RR” is the genotype most adapted to both stress conditions and, therefore, should be used under conditions of water shortage and excess salt in the soil at sowing time.  相似文献   

The thermal antinociceptive effects of a high-concentration formulation of buprenorphine alone or followed by hydromorphone in conscious cats     

Kara L. Moreno  Elizabeth M. Scallan  Beatriz P. Monteiro  Paulo V. Steagall  Bradley T. Simon 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2021,48(4):570-576

ObjectiveTo evaluate the thermal antinociceptive effects of a high-concentration formulation of buprenorphine alone or followed by hydromorphone in conscious cats.Study designRandomized, blinded, placebo-controlled crossover study design.AnimalsA total of six purpose-bred, adult female ovariohysterectomized Domestic Short Hair cats.MethodsCats were allocated into three treatments each consisting of two injections, subcutaneous then intravenous (IV) administration, 2 hours apart: treatment SS, two injections of 0.9% saline; treatment BS, buprenorphine (0.24 mg kg^–1, 1.8 mg mL^–1) and saline; and treatment BH, buprenorphine (0.24 mg kg^–1) and hydromorphone (0.1 mg kg^–1). Skin temperature (ST) and thermal threshold (TT) were recorded before (baseline) and for 24 hours following first injection. TT data were analyzed using mixed linear models and a Benjamini–Hochberg sequential adjustment procedure (p < 0.05).ResultsThere were no significant differences among treatments for baseline ST and TT values, treatment SS over time and between treatments BS and BH. Compared with baseline, TT was significantly increased at all time points in treatments BH and BS except at 2 hours in treatment BS. TT was significantly higher than SS at 3–18 hours and 4–12 hours for treatments BS and BH, respectively. Maximal increases in TT were 47.5 °C at 2 hours, 53.9 °C at 3 hours and 52.4 °C at 6 hours in treatments SS, BS and BH, respectively.Conclusions and clinical relevanceAdministration of IV hydromorphone following high-concentration buprenorphine provided no additional antinociception and decreased the duration of effect when compared with high-concentration buprenorphine alone. Alternative analgesics should be considered if additional analgesia is required after administration of high-concentration buprenorphine.  相似文献   

Carbon Depletion by Plowing and its Restoration by No‐Till Cropping Systems in Oxisols of Subtropical and Tropical Agro‐Ecoregions in Brazil     

Joo Carlos de Moraes S  Lucien Sguy  Florent Tivet  Rattan Lal  Serge Bouzinac  Paulo Rogrio Borszowskei  Clever Briedis  Josiane Burkner dos Santos  Daiani da Cruz Hartman  Clayton Giani Bertoloni  Jadir Rosa  Theodor Friedrich 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2015,26(6):531-543

The continuous use of plowing for grain production has been the principal cause of soil degradation. This project was formulated on the hypothesis that the intensification of cropping systems by increasing biomass‐C input and its biodiversity under no‐till (NT) drives soil restoration of degraded agro‐ecosystem. The present study conducted at subtropical [Ponta Grossa (PG) site] and tropical regions [Lucas do Rio Verde, MT (LRV) site] in Brazil aimed to (i) assess the impact of the continuous plow‐based conventional tillage (CT) on soil organic carbon (SOC) stock vis‐à‐vis native vegetation (NV) as baseline; (ii) compare SOC balance among CT, NT cropping systems, and NV; and (iii) evaluate the redistribution of SOC stock in soil profile in relation to soil resilience. The continuous CT decreased the SOC stock by 0·58 and 0·67 Mg C ha⁻¹ y⁻¹ in the 0‐ to 20‐cm depth at the PG and LRV sites, respectively, and the rate of SOC sequestration was 0·59 for the PG site and ranged from 0·48 to 1·30 Mg C ha⁻¹ y⁻¹ for the LRV site. The fraction of C input by crop residues converted into SOC stock was ~14·2% at the PG site and ~20·5% at the LRV site. The SOC resilience index ranged from 0·29 to 0·79, and it increased with the increase in the C input among the NT systems and the SOC sequestration rates at the LRV site. These data support the hypothesis that NT cropping systems with high C input have a large potential to reverse the process of soil degradation and SOC decline. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Continuous infusion of propofol in calves: bispectral index and hemodynamic effects          下载免费PDF全文

Mauricio Deschk  Juliana T Wagatsuma  Marcelo A Araújo  Guilherme GF Santos  Sergio SR Júnior  Caio JX Abimussi  Carlos E Siqueira  Jéssica CL Motta  Silvia HV Perri  Paulo SP Santos 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2016,43(3):309-315

  相似文献   

Analgesic efficacy of an oral transmucosal spray formulation of meloxicam alone or in combination with tramadol in cats with naturally occurring osteoarthritis          下载免费PDF全文

Beatriz P Monteiro  Mary P Klinck  Maxim Moreau  Martin Guillot  Paulo VM Steagall  Daniel K Edge  Jean‐Pierre Pelletier  Johanne Martel‐Pelletier  Dominique Gauvin  Jérôme RE del Castillo  Eric Troncy 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2016,43(6):643-651

  相似文献   

Effects of gossypol from cottonseed cake on the blood profile in sheep     

Antônio Carlos Lopes Câmara  André Menezes do Vale  Cláudio Roberto Scabelo Mattoso  Marília Martins Melo  Benito Soto-Blanco 《Tropical animal health and production》2016,48(5):1037-1042

  相似文献