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Nimesha Fernando Joe Panozzo Michael Tausz Robert M. Norton Glenn J. Fitzgerald Samuel Myers Marc E. Nicolas Saman Seneweera 《Journal of Cereal Science》2014
In order to investigate the intra-specific variation of wheat grain quality response to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (e[CO2]), eight wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)cultivars were grown at two CO2 concentrations ([CO2]) (current atmospheric, 389 CO2 μmol mol−1vs. e[CO2], FACE (Free-Air CO2 Enrichment), 550 ± 10% CO2 μmol mol−1), at two water levels (rain-fed vs. irrigated) and at two times of sowing (TOS1, vs. TOS2). The TOS treatment was mainly imposed to understand whether e[CO2] could modify the effects of timing of higher grain filling temperatures on grain quality. When plants were grown at TOS1, TKW (thousand kernel weight), grain test weight, hardness index, P, Ca, Na and phytate were not significantly changed under e[CO2]. On the other hand, e[CO2] increased TKW (16%), hardness index (9%), kernel diameter (6%), test weight (2%) but decreased grain protein (10%) and grain phytate (11%) at TOS2. In regard to grain Zn, Mn and Cu concentrations and some flour rheological properties, cultivar specific responses to e[CO2] were observed at both sowing times. Observed genetic variability in response to e[CO2] in terms of grain minerals and flour rheological properties could be easily incorporated into future wheat breeding programs to enable adaptation to climate change. 相似文献
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Maryam Aflaki Jalali Hassan Bahrami Sirmandi Abdullah Hatamzadeh 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2017,20(1):29-35
Low efficiency of somatic embryo maturation, germination, and conversion to plantlets is a major problem in many species including J. regia L. Germination efficiency of somatic embryos is very low in walnut. In this study, effects of two carbohydrate sources, sucrose and maltose (each at 3% and 6%), and two kinds of PEG (4000 and 6000) (each at four levels of 1.5%, 3%, 5% and 7.5%) on maturation and germination of walnut embryos were tested. The number of somatic embryos increased conspicuously on medium containing PEG. Furthermore, higher levels of PEG-4000 (7.5%) could remarkably enhance the morphogenesis of somatic embryos and the number of embryos produced. PEG-4000 stimulated somatic embryo maturation of walnut. This stimulatory effect was dependent on the carbohydrate source used. Sucrose in combination with PEG-4000 produced 50% of cotyledonary and normal somatic embryos. Different concentrations of PEG were effective on the number of embryos with a shoot meristem. PEG-4000 7.5% and sucrose 3.0% produced the highest rate (50.0%) of normal shooting embryos. However, PEG (4000, 6000) and maltose caused an unfavorable effect and increased the frequency of abnormal shaped somatic embryos. 相似文献
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Soil compaction is of great importance in agriculture, because its high levels may adversely affect plant growth and the environment. Since mechanical methods are not very efficient and economical, using biological methods to alleviate the stress of soil compaction on plant growth may be beneficial. The objectives of this study were to: (1) evaluate the effects of soil compaction on corn (Zea mays L.) growth, and (2) test the hypothesis that applying arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) with different origins can partially or completely overcome the stressful effects of soil compaction on corn growth under unsterilized and sterilized conditions. Corn was planted in unsterilized and sterilized compacted soils, while treated with three species of AM including, Iranian Glomus mosseae, Iranian Glomus etunicatum, and Canadian Glomus mosseae, received from GINCO (Glomales in vitro Collection), Canada. Plant growth variables and soil resistance parameters were determined. AM significantly increased root fresh (maximum of 94% increase) and dry (maximum of 100% increase) weights in the compacted soil. AM with different origins may improve corn growth in compacted soils, though its effectiveness is related to the level of compaction and also to the interaction with other soil microorganisms. 相似文献
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Microsporidia in dogs and cats is primarily caused by the obligate, intracellular parasite Encephalitozoon cuniculi, which is a member of the phylum Microsporidia. The aim of the current study is the detection of this parasite in stool samples of small animals of Iran, by polymerase chain reaction. Microsporidia spp. was found in 31% (31/100) of dogs (E. cuniculi (18/100), Encephalitozoon bieneusi (8/100) and Encephalitozoon intestinalis (5/100)), and 7.5% (3/40) of the specimens obtained from cats were infected with E. bieneusi. Sequencing of PCR products confirmed these results. In conclusion, Microsporidia infection seems to be fairly common in pet animals of Iran, especially in dogs. This finding could indicate the importance of pet animals as zoonotic reservoirs of microsporidial human infections. 相似文献
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Introduction: Antibiotic supplements are regularly used in neuronal culture media to control contamination; however, they can interfere with the neuronal excitability and affect electrophysiological properties. Therefore, in this study, the effect of penicillin/streptomycin supplements on the spontaneous electrophysiological activity of hippocampal pyramidal neurons was examined. Methods: Electrophysiological whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from rat hippocampal pyramidal cells in primary culture were performed to investigate the effects of antibiotic supplements on the intrinsic excitability of cultured cells. Results: The present findings indicated that presence of antibiotic supplements (penicillin/streptomycin) in the culture medium altered the intrinsic electrical activity of hippocampal pyramidal neurons in primary culture. These alterations included: 1) depolarized resting membrane potential; 2) a significant enhancement in the after-hyperpolarization amplitude; 3) a significant increase in the area under the action potential and in the decay and rise time of the action potential; 4) a significant broadening of action potential and 5) a significant reduction in the firing frequency. Conclusion: These findings suggest that addition of antibiotic supplements to culture media influences the neuronal excitability and alters the electrophysiological properties of cultured neurons, possibly through changing the ionic conductance underlying neuronal excitability. Key Words: Primary cell culture, Patch-clamp techniques, Hippocampus 相似文献
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Saman Bowatte Russell Tillman Andrew Carran Allan Gillingham David Scotter 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2008,44(6):805-813
This paper explored the potential of application of in situ ion exchange resin membrane (IEM) technique for assessing soil
nitrogen (N) availability and spatial distribution in New Zealand grazed pastures. Field and incubation experiments conducted
to test the technique proved IEM technique to be a useful approach to monitoring the continuous changes in soil mineral N
in pasture soils. The field testing showed that the IEM technique reflects both differences in pool size and mineral N flux,
while 2-M KCl extraction reflects only pool size at the sampling. Testing the effects of residence time, temperature, soil
inorganic N content, and soil water content through diffusion modeling offers further support for using IEM to explore the
complex dynamics of nitrogen availability in pasture soils. 相似文献
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The aim of this research is to investigate the development and evaluation of hybrid multi-scale aramid/epoxy composites interleaved with electrospun graphene nanoplatelets/nylon 66 (GNPs/PA66) mats. The reinforced nanofiber mats were explored for their best mechanical properties and PA66 nanofibers with 1 wt% GNPs were selected for composite production. Quasi-static indentation tests were performed on both pristine and nanofiber-modified composites. The experimental results revealed that the introduction of reinforced interleaves within the interlaminar interfaces of composites promotes fracture toughness compared to pristine interleaves. It is shown that there is a particular interleaf thickness for optimum toughening effect of nanofibers. The optimum thicknesses for pristine and reinforced interleaves are 35 and 17.5 μm, respectively. 相似文献
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Abeysinghe Mudiyanselage Prabodha Sammani Dissanayaka Mudiyanselage Saman Kumara Dissanayaka Leanage Kanaka Wolly Wijayaratne William Robert Morrison III 《Journal of insect science (Online)》2020,20(6)
The almond moth Cadra cautella (Walker), a key pest of storage facilities, is difficult to manage using synthetic chemicals. Pheromone-based management methods remain a high priority due to advantages over conventional management practices, which typically use insecticides. Cadra cautella females release a blend of pheromone including (Z, E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate (ZETA) and (Z)-9-tetradecadien-1-yl acetate (ZTA). The effect of these components on mating of C. cautella and how response varies with the population density and sex ratio remain unknown. In this study, the mating status of C. cautella was studied inside mating cages under different ratios of ZETA and ZTA diluted in hexane and at different population sizes either with equal or unequal sex ratio. The lowest percentage of mated females (highest mating disruption [MD] effects), corresponding to roughly 12.5%, was produced by a 5:1 and 3.3:1 ratio of ZETA:ZTA. Populations with equal sex ratio showed the lowest percentage of mated females, at 20% and 12.5% under lower and higher density, respectively. The next lowest percentage of mated females was produced when the sex ratio was set to 1: 2 and 2:1 male:female, with just 25% and 22.5% of moths mated, respectively. This study shows that mating status of C. cautella is influenced by ZETA:ZTA ratio, sex ratio, and population size. This current knowledge would have useful implications for mating disruption programs. 相似文献