椿树辐射诱变育种初报     

聂莉莉  刘仲齐  张越  郝志愚 《核农学报》2009,23(4):577-580

以椿树种子为材料,用60Co γ射线进行了0、30、50、75、100、150和200Gy辐照处理,研究辐照对椿树种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响,以期获得耐盐突变体。结果表明：辐照抑制了种子的萌发,成苗率下降,幼苗生长受到抑制,且随着剂量的增加,抑制作用增强;椿树种子的半致死剂量为50Gy,适宜辐照剂量是50~75Gy。辐照后的植株经0.5% 的海盐筛选,共获得9株耐盐能力提高的变异株。  相似文献   

红果臭椿苗期病害致病菌的分离与鉴定     

刘南南  王桂清 《北方园艺》2019,(17):89-94

以感病红果臭椿幼苗病株为试材,采用形态学鉴定、分子生物学鉴定和致病性鉴定方法,研究了引起红果臭椿苗期病害致病菌的种类,以期为其苗期病害防治提供了有力的依据,从而提高红果臭椿的成活率,为园林绿化提供充足的苗源。结果表明:红果臭椿苗期病害有5种致病真菌,分别为木贼镰刀菌(Fusarium equiseti)、腐皮镰刀菌(F.solani)、极细链格孢菌(Alternaria tenuissima)、球毛壳菌(Chaetomium globosum)和新棒孢拟盘多毛孢菌(Neopestalotiopsis clavispora),其中腐皮镰刀菌为主要致病菌。  相似文献   

Top 20 environmental weeds for classical biological control in Europe: a review of opportunities, regulations and other barriers to adoption   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4  

AW SHEPPARD  RH SHAW†  & R SFORZA‡ 《Weed Research》2006,46(2):93-117

Classical biological control remains the only tool available for permanent ecological and economic management of invasive alien species that flourish through absence of their co‐evolved natural enemies. As such, this approach is recognized as a key tool for alien species management by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) and the European Strategy on Invasive Alien Species (ESIAS). Successful classical biological control programmes abound around the world, despite disproportionate attention being given to occasional and predictable non‐target impacts. Despite more than 130 case histories in Europe against insect pests, no exotic classical biological control agent has been released in the EU against an alien invasive weed. This dearth has occurred in the face of increasing numbers of exotic invasive plants being imported and taking over National Parks, forests and amenity areas in this region, as well as a global increase in the use of classical biological control around the world. This paper reviews potential European weed targets for classical biological control from ecological and socioeconomic perspectives using the criteria of historical biological control success, taxonomic isolation from European native flora, likely availability of biological control agents, invasiveness outside Europe and value to primary industry and horticulture (potential for conflicts of interest). We also review why classical biological control of European exotic plants remains untested, considering problems of funding and public perception. Finally, we consider the regulatory framework that surrounds such biological control activities within constituent countries of the EU to suggest how this approach may be adopted in the future for managing invasive exotic weeds in Europe.  相似文献   

臭椿花叶病病原病毒的研究     

姚俊梅  刘仪  周仲铭 《林业科学》1993,(6)

从出现花叶症状的臭椿上分离到一种线条状病毒,经过生物学特性、病毒粒体形态、血清学及超薄切片等方面的研究,确定为马铃薯Y病毒组病毒。  相似文献   

臭椿树干液流和直径微变化对土壤水分的响应     

刘云洁  张含含  张伟  马长明 《水土保持通报》2022,42(4):56-65

[目的] 研究不同水分条件下〔土壤体积含水量分别为10%～15%(W₁),15%～20%(W₂),20%～25%(W₃),25%～30%(W₄)4种水分处理〕臭椿的树干液流和树干径向变化特征及其与气象因子的关系,为深入了解臭椿水分利用策略和科学制定臭椿水分管理措施提供科学依据。[方法] 采用热扩散式探针法(TDP)对臭椿树干液流进行连续观测,使用树干径向变化记录仪持续监测臭椿树干直径变化,并同步监测相关环境因子的变化。[结果] 在W₃和W₄土壤水分处理下,臭椿液流量基本相同,且树干直径的增长量和变化幅度也相近;在W₁—W₃范围内,臭椿液流量随土壤含水量的增加而增大,但夜间液流占日总液流量的比例随土壤含水量的增加而减小,分别为：W₁(12.3%)>W₂(11.9%)>W₃(6.0%)。日尺度下臭椿树干直径的变化幅度随着土壤含水量的增加而减少,但生长量随之增加;随着土壤含水量的不断增加,白天树干液流与气象因子的相关性呈增大趋势,夜间呈降低趋势;树干液流和树干直径的变化都滞后于太阳辐射,提前于饱和水气压差,且二者与饱和水汽压差之间的时滞均随土壤含水量的增加而减小,但二者与太阳辐射之间的时滞受土壤含水量变化的影响很小。日尺度下臭椿树干液流与树干直径的变化呈反向变化规律,且液流的变化总是提前于树干直径的变化。随着土壤含水量的增加,时滞缩短。[结论] 臭椿树干液流与树干直径变化对土壤水分变化的响应存在紧密联系。在W₃水平,土壤含水量达到了臭椿可以充分利用的阈值,因此W₃土壤水分处理为臭椿最适宜的灌溉标准。  相似文献   

红叶椿的试管快繁试验     

王吉  胡相伟  张守琪  张志勇 《安徽农学通报》2007,13(5):35-35,65

以红叶椿幼嫩茎尖和茎段作为外植体材料,筛选各个阶段的培养基配方,研究红叶椿的快速繁殖技术.结果表明:MS+6-BA1.5+NAA0.05对茎尖和茎段的诱导效果最好; MS+6-BA1.0为继代培养基的适宜配方; 1/2MS+IBA1.0生根效果良好.  相似文献   

椿皮中一种抗癌成分的提取与结构鉴定   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

吕金顺  黄鹏  熊波  郭迈  邓芹英 《甘肃农业大学学报》2001,36(4):400-404

研究了臭椿皮中抗癌活性物的快速提取分离方法。对所提取物用TLC检测,表明得到的化合物为纯净物。通过用MS、1HNMR、13CNMR、1H—1HCOSY、1H—13CCOSY、DEPT等光谱法分析鉴定,确定该提取物为苦味素A。  相似文献   

Evaluation of Schizophyllum commune Fr. potential for biodegradation of lignin: A light microscopic analysis     

Rina D. Koyani  Isha M. Bhatt  Hiral R. Patel  Ajit M. Vasava 《Wood material science & engineering》2016,11(1):46-56

Lignin biodegradation potential of Schizophyllum commune Fr. is studied by using sound wood blocks of Ailanthus excelsa, Azadirachta indica, Tectona grandis, Eucalyptus sp. and Leucaena leucocephala. Initially, in vitro wood decay test showed minor weight loss, but it became rapid after one month. After 120 days of incubation, weight loss was minimum in T. grandis (24.05%) whereas it was maximum in A. excelsa (34.44%). Treated test blocks were characterised by enlargement of pits on ray cell wall, formation of additional boreholes in rays, separation of fibres and cell wall thinning and formation of ‘U’-shape notches. Fungal hyphae moved through the xylem cell lumen, and intercellular spaces formed in response to separation of fibres. Hyphae traverse in adjacent cell through the cell wall pits or by making additional boreholes. In all the species studied, xylem fibres and parenchyma (axial and ray) cells were more susceptible while vessels were resistant to fungal attack. In advanced stage of decay, fibres and axial parenchyma lost their rigidity while vessel walls showed uneven thinning. In the tension wood, G-fibres remained unaffected initially but loosening and separation of gelatinous layer facilitated fungal action and showed similar pattern of cell wall deterioration. Among the wood of different species studied, Tectona was more resistant whereas Ailanthus was more susceptible to fungal attack.  相似文献   

盐胁迫对臭椿的生长与光合的影响   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

孙方行  孙明高 《内蒙古农业科技》2009,(5):35-36

文章研究了在盐分胁迫条件下一年生臭椿苗的某些生长、生理指标的动态变化,目的在于探讨臭椿的耐盐特性。结果表明：盐分胁迫能显著降低苗高生长,单位面积叶重有随着盐分升高而增加的趋势;而单株叶面积则呈下降趋势。盐胁迫处理初期影响光合的主要因素是气孔因素,而随着盐胁迫处理时间的延长,叶肉因素则成为影响光合的主要因素。  相似文献   

不同种源臭椿果实内含物分析     

叶楠  徐琴平  曹福亮  汪贵斌 《安徽农业大学学报》2017,44(4):623

以新疆鄯善、湖南浏阳、江西九江、甘肃天水和陕西汉中等5个种源地野外采集的臭椿果实为研究对象,分别测定臭椿果实中的内含物,鉴定其脂肪酸组成及各成分的分子式。结果表明,不同种源的臭椿果实中化学成分含量存在显著差异;脂肪酸成分相同,但各组分含量有差异。5个种源地的臭椿果实中都鉴定出10种脂肪酸且这10种脂肪酸碳链相对比较集中,主要在碳16到碳19之间。  相似文献