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近30年中国农田耕层土壤有机质含量变化 总被引:36,自引:0,他引:36
土壤有机质含量是影响土壤肥力水平的重要指标,也是开展耕地质量建设、科学施肥工作的基础。利用2005—2014年测土配方施肥项目数据与全国第二次土壤普查数据进行对比,分析了近30年来中国农田耕层土壤有机质的变化趋势。结果显示,30年来我国农田耕层土壤有机质含量呈整体上升趋势,目前,全国耕层土壤有机质平均含量为24.65 g kg~(-1),较全国第二次土壤普查时期提高4.85 g kg~(-1),提高24.49%。其中,30~40 g kg~(-1)等级比例增加3.64个百分点,20~30 g kg~(-1)等级比例增加5.68个百分点,10~20 g kg~(-1)等级比例增加5.36个百分点。需要引起注意的是,大于40 g kg~(-1)等级比例减少了1.38个百分点。 相似文献
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吉林省农田耕层土壤pH的时空变化特征 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
本研究通过分析2005~2013年测土配方施肥项目在吉林省采集的大量土壤样品,明确了不同地区农田耕层土壤pH的空间变异特征,并与第二次土壤普查数据对比探讨了土壤pH的变化趋势。结果表明,目前吉林省农田耕层土壤pH分布在3.8~9.1之间,平均值为6.5。不同类型农田土壤pH的高低顺序为:黑钙土风沙土草甸土黑土白浆土≈暗棕壤水稻土。空间上,吉林省农田耕层土壤呈现自西向东逐渐降低的分布特征,以西部白城市的通榆县最高而东部延边朝鲜族自治州的汪清县最低。时间上,与第二次土壤普相比,吉林省各种土类的pH存在共性的土壤酸化趋势。不同土类间pH的降幅存在较大差异,代表性的黑土下降约0.5个单位,酸化程度较大的草甸土和水稻分别下降了1.4和1.6个单位,而酸化程度较小的白浆土下降了0.1个单位。吉林省农业生产中应控制化肥用量,调整肥料品种,合理增施有机肥,大力推广秸秆还田,从而缓解土壤酸化趋势,改善土壤肥力。 相似文献
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通过对泉州市1999—2003年的5处耕地连续定位监测分析。结果表明:土壤基础地力随着种植时间的推移,在连续不施肥后逐年有所下降。与监测前相比,各监测点施肥区耕层土壤有机质、全氮含量仅有微小增加,碱解氮含量变化虽然有波动,但总体上略有下降,而有效磷增幅较大并呈盈余积累丰富状态,速效钾均有显著降低并呈低指标含量状态。表现出土壤养分平衡状况是氮磷有盈余而钾亏缺严重。肥料投入结构不平衡,有机肥料在施肥中的份额逐年下降,化肥投入量逐年增加,氮磷钾养分比例不协调。 相似文献
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陕西省农田土壤硫含量空间变异特征及亏缺评价 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
陕西省 13种耕地土壤 30 5个表层 (0~ 2 0cm)土壤样点分析结果表明 :该省土壤全硫和用0 0 1molL-1Ca(H2 PO4) 2 浸提的有效硫含量分别为 33~ 76 9mgkg-1(均值 36 0mgkg-1)和 4 6~ 15 7 3mgkg-1(均值 2 9 3mgkg-1) ,其中黑垆土 (普通干润均腐土 )、绵砂土 (灌淤湿润砂质新成土 )的有效硫平均含量最低。土壤全硫具有中等空间相关性 ,有效硫空间相关性较差。土壤全硫和有效硫分布具有渐变性 ,其最大相关距离分别为 5 31km和 34km。全硫以较大区域变异为主 ;有效硫以小区域变异为特征。陕西省耕地土壤有效硫含量低于硫亏缺临界值 (18 5mgkg-1)的占总面积的 13 9% ,相当于 5 3 7万hm2 农田缺硫。陕西省中部地区 ,尤其是延安西部地区土壤硫亏缺风险较大 相似文献
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This research aims to improve erosion control practice in the Loess Plateau, by studying the surface erosion processes, including splash, sheet/interrill and rill erosion in four contrasting soils under high rainfall intensity (120 mm h−1) with three-scale indoor artificial experiments. Four contrasting soils as sandy loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam and loamy clay were collected from different parts of the Loess Plateau. The results showed that sediment load was significantly impacted by soil properties in all three sub-processes. Splash rate (4.0–21.6 g m−2∙min−1) was highest in sandy loam from the north part of the Loess Plateau and showed a negative power relation with the mean weight diameter of aggregates after 20 min of rainfall duration. The average sediment load by sheet/interrill erosion (6.94–42.86 g m−2∙min−1) was highest in clay loam from middle part of the Loess Plateau, and the stable sediment load after 20 min showed a positive power relation with the silt content in soil. The average sediment load increased dramatically by rill and interrill erosion (21.03–432.16 g m−2∙min−1), which was highest in loamy clay from south part of the Loess Plateau. The average sediment load after the occurrence of rill showed a positive power relation with clay content and a negative power relation with soil organic matter content. The impacts of slope gradient on the runoff rate and sediment load also changed with soil properties. The critical factors varied for different processes, which were the aggregate size for splash erosion, the content of silt particles and slope gradient for sheet/interrill erosion, and the content of clay particles, soil organic matter and slope gradient for rill erosion. Based on the results of the experiments, specific erosion control practices were proposed by targeting certain erosion processes in areas with different soil texture and different distribution of slope gradient. The findings from this study should support the improvement of erosion prediction and cropland management in different regions of the Loess Plateau. 相似文献
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退耕还林区域中华鼢鼠防治试验 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对永登县退耕还林区域中华鼢鼠形态特征、生活习性、发生规律及危害程度的调查,采用不同的防治方法进行试验,分析结果得出:鼢鼠活动频繁时应以药剂诱杀为主要防治方法,进行大面积灭鼠;其它时间采用熏杀法和人工地箭法进行辅助防治. 相似文献
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