椰心叶甲发育的起点温度和有效积温   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

钟义海  伍筱影  刘奎  赵志英  彭正强  吴坤宏 《热带作物学报》2004,25(2):47-49

通过室内饲养观察，测定了不同温度下椰心叶甲不同虫态发育的起点温度、有效积温及存活率。结果表明，椰心叶甲世代发育起点温度为11．08℃，有效积温为966．22℃，在海南省儋州市1a发生的理论代数为4～5代。持续过高温度，如32℃不适宜椰心叶甲的生长。  相似文献   

日本金龟子幼虫寄生蜂春黑小土蜂人工繁殖技术研究     

陈红印  王树英  陈长风  罗益镇  R.C.McDonald 《中国生物防治》2003,19(4):154-157

以日本金龟子幼虫为繁殖寄主，对春黑小土蜂的人工繁殖技术进行了研究。试验结果表明：土蜂幼虫的发育历期，寄生三龄蛴螬的比二龄蛴螬的平均短3．76d；成茧率高1．87倍。二龄蛴螬繁殖的土蜂80％以上是雄性，三龄蛴螬繁殖的雌性蜂占60％以上。5％蜂蜜水和蔗糖水是成蜂较为理想的营养补充饲料。寄生作用率随接蜂数量的增加而减少。在土蜂产卵高峰期，种内干扰系数最高。单雌平均获卵量和获茧数随更换寄主频次的增加而增加，以每8h更换一次寄主最为适合。  相似文献   

黑蜣(Bess beetle)纤维素酶的组分及其特性分析     

池雅琴  朱静  段旭  聂恒 《现代农业科技》2011,(3):17-19

以30日龄的黑蜣幼虫为材料,对其整体匀浆后组织液中的纤维素酶组成及活性进行了分析。结果表明:黑蜣体内存在内切β-1,4-葡聚糖酶(Cx酶)、β-葡萄糖苷酶;β-葡萄糖苷酶和Cx酶的最适宜温度为分别为40℃和50℃;Cx酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶分别在pH值为6.4和5.2时具有最大的活力;β-葡萄糖苷酶和Cx酶的最适宜反应时间为80 min。Cx酶具有比β-葡萄糖苷酶更强的温度适应性,在30～50℃温度范围内可维持最大酶活力的66.20%。  相似文献   

Diseases and Pests of Honey Bees (Apis Mellifera)     

《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》2021,37(3):401-412

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Immediate and delayed movement of resistant and susceptible adults of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) after short exposures to phosphine     

William R Morrison III  Daniel Brabec  Alexander Bruce  Frank H Arthur  Christos G Athanassiou 《Pest management science》2023,79(6):2066-2074

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Being exposed to low concentrations of pirimiphos-methyl and chlorfenapyr has detrimental effects on the mobility of Trogoderma granarium     

Nickolas G. Kavallieratos  Maria C. Boukouvala  Artemis Phoebe A. Pappa  Angelo Canale  Giovanni Benelli 《Pest management science》2023,79(12):5230-5236

BACKGROUND

Sublethal effects of insecticides may negatively affect several biological and behavioral traits of insects. The lethal effects of pirimiphos-methyl and chlorfenapyr have been previously showed on Trogoderma granarium, but little knowledge is available about their sublethal effects at low concentrations on both sexes. Herein, the sublethal effects of pirimiphos-methyl and chlorfenapyr on the mobility of T. granarium males and females were investigated.

RESULTS

Lethal concentration (LC) values of pirimiphos-methyl and chlorfenapyr were lower for T. granarium females than males. LC values on males were LC₁₀ = 0.000788 and 0.00139 mg active ingredient (a.i.) cm⁻², LC₃₀ = 0.00350 and 0.00535 mg a.i. cm⁻², and LC₅₀ = 0.00986 and 0.0136 mg a.i. cm⁻² for pirimiphos-methyl and chlorfenapyr respectively. LC on females were LC₁₀ = 0.000704 and 0.00110 mg a.i. cm⁻², LC₃₀ = 0.00323 and 0.00428 mg a.i. cm⁻², and LC₅₀ = 0.00925 and 0.0110 mg a.i. cm⁻² for pirimiphos-methyl and chlorfenapyr respectively. The walking duration of beetles exposed to LC₃₀ of pirimiphos-methyl was significantly lower than the individuals exposed to LC₁₀ and LC₃₀ of both insecticides and control ones. Pirimiphos-methyl LC₃₀-exposed males remained more time on their back (101.7 s) than females (46.9 s), while the latter stayed immobile longer than males (381.7 s versus 371.9 s). The highest speed was recorded for control beetles (14.17 mm s⁻¹ females vs. 12.44 mm s⁻¹ males), while the lowest speed was observed in pirimiphos-methyl LC₃₀-treated males (8.36 mm s⁻¹) and females (9.66 mm s⁻¹).

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, males and females exposed to low concentrations of pirimiphos-methyl and chlorfenapyr showed reduced motility. This knowledge can be exploited further to unlock behavioral effects of insecticides for effective pest management programs in warehouses. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.  相似文献   

基于BAS-PID控制的精准变量施药系统仿真与试验     

王新东  徐艳蕾  孟笑天  何润  翟钰婷 《中国农机化学报》2020,(3):62-66

精准变量施药技术是精准农业的重要内容之一,为解决当前常用的变量施药方式存在的控制精度低、超调量大等不足,提出将天牛须搜索(Beetle Antennae Search,BAS)算法与常规PID控制结合形成BAS-PID控制算法,用于变量施药系统控制。首先建立施药控制系统机理模型并基于Matlab平台进行软件仿真,仿真试验结果表明,BAS-PID算法的超调量为0.024 1,绝对误差为1.14%,均低于常规PID和模糊PID,控制效果更好。在吉林农业大学试验田进行了田间施药试验,根据试验数据分析,BAS-PID、模糊PID以及常规PID的平均施药误差分别为0.016 L/min、0.020 L/min、0.238 L/min,平均超调量分别为0.006 L/min、0.016 L/min、0.238 L/min。BAS-PID控制算法的施药误差仅在0.01~0.02 L/min内,误差范围小,总体而言,该算法的施药误差和平均超调量都低于模糊PID和常规PID,系统应用效果好。试验结果表明:本文提出的BAS-PID算法提高了PID算法的参数适用性,施药控制精度高,超调量小,改善了变量施药系统的施药效果,可为推动精准变量施药技术的发展提供新的技术方案。  相似文献   

韩国Ophiostomatoid真菌与棘胫小囊树皮甲虫的互作研究     

LeeJongKyu ChoNamSeok LeeJongKyu ChoNamSeok 《华中农业大学学报》2004,23(1):113-117

棘胫小囊树皮甲虫(Coleopterla:Scolytidae)是一种与树木或新鲜木材兰染真菌相关的昆虫。本研究用不同种的松树制备的圆木诱捕、采集棘胫小囊树皮甲虫，并对其种类进行了比较。自4月至7月，从Pinus．rigida和Pinus．korniensis诱捕圆木上收集昆虫，共获得了10种树皮甲虫，其中Hylurgops interstitialis是P．koraiensi上最常见的甲虫，而Tomicus piniperda则在P．rigida上最常见。5月是H．interstitialis出现的高峰期，T.piniperda出现的高峰期是在4月。在6月上旬，新的成虫自蛹中孵化而出。为了研究树皮甲虫的种群与树木兰染真菌分离获得的频率的相关性，采用选择性培养基自成虫、卵／幼虫和树皮甲虫的虫道分离真菌。研究发现在越冬成虫和虫道上兰染真菌出现的频率分别是100％和94％，但在孵化的卵或刚孵出的幼虫上出现的频率相对较低。从兰染真菌分离出现的频率上看，收集的时间与树皮甲虫的种群没有显著的相关性。于4月20日可以首次观察到在虫道的下面出现变色现象，2周内，木材变色迅速增长，100％变色。对这些分离获得真菌进行鉴定，发现Leptographium spp出现频率高于Ophiostoma spp．。  相似文献   

Intercepted Scolytidae (Coleoptera) at U.S. ports of Entry: 1985–2000     

Robert A. Haack 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》2001,6(3-4):253-282

Since 1985, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service has maintained the 'Port Information Network' (PIN) database for plant pests intercepted at the U.S. ports of entry. As of August 2001, PIN contained 6825 records of beetles (Coleoptera) in the family Scolytidae that had been intercepted during the years 1985–2000 from countries outside of North America. Of the 6825 scolytid interceptions, 2740 (40%) were identified to the species level, 2336 (34%) to only the genus level, and 1749 (26%) were identified to only the family level. Of the 49 identified scolytid genera, the 10 most common were Hypothenemus (821 interceptions), Pityogenes (662), Ips (544), Coccotrypes (520), Orthotomicus (461), Hylurgops (327), Hylurgus (266), Tomicus (194), Dryocoetes (166), and Hylastes (142). The 10 most common identified species were Pityogenes chalcographus (565 interceptions), Orthotomicus erosus (385), Hylurgops palliatus (295), Ips typographus (286), Hylurgus ligniperda (217), Ips sexdentatus (157), Tomicus piniperda (155), Hylastes ater (75), Hypothenemus hampei (62), and Polygraphus poligraphus (48). Of these 10 species, H. palliatus, H. ligniperda, and T. piniperda are known to be established in the continental U.S. The scolytids were intercepted from 117 different countries; the top 12 countries were Italy (1090 interceptions), Germany (756), Spain (457), Mexico (425), Jamaica (398), Belgium (352), France (261), China (255), Russia (247), India (224), U.K. (151), and Portugal (150). The scolytids were intercepted in 35 U.S. states and 97 port cities. In general, there was a positive relationship between the number of scolytid interceptions from individual countries and the value of the imports from those countries. Overall, 73% of the scolytids were found in solid wood packing materials, 22% in food or plants, and 5% in other or unspecified materials. The products most commonly associated with scolytid-infested wood packing materials were tiles, marble, machinery, steel, parts, ironware, granite, aluminum, slate, and iron. The food products and plants that were commonly infested with scolytids included nutmeg, palms, coffee beans, kola nuts, and macadamia nuts.  相似文献   

7种小蠹虫酯酶同工酶的比较研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

梁靓  段立清  尹凤民  杨永生 《植物保护》2007,33(6):70-74

检疫性小蠹虫的鉴定,因其虫体小,种间形态特征难以准确把握,给木材的检疫工作带来较大困难。当遇到幼虫时还需饲养为成虫再进行鉴定,增加了工作难度。应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对俄罗斯进境木材7种小蠹虫幼虫、成虫的酯酶同工酶进行了比较分析。结果表明7种小蠹虫幼虫酶带数目均比成虫多,酶活性也较成虫强。幼虫和成虫之间有多条迁移率接近的酶带,酶带相似性及聚类分析均证明可以将这些酶带作为种的特征性谱带。研究表明,当形态特征作为鉴定标准较难准确掌握时,可用幼虫或成虫同工酶电泳图谱来鉴定其种类。  相似文献