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1.
经济林良种是经济林产业的“芯片”,是经济林生产优质、高产、高效的物质基础。完善经济林良种推广政策,是实现经济林产业高质量发展的根本保障。通过数据收集和整理,系统梳理全国经济林良种推广现状,指出经济林良种推广中还存在着良种使用率不高,经济林低产低效;部分经济林良种存在超范围推广;良种审定过多,结构性过剩和种植品种过多,对接生产加工不畅等突出问题。进而提出从以种植为目标的良种推广转变为以生产加工等市场需求为导向的良种推广思路。从优化良种供给、加强良种推广的宏观指导、强化科技支撑和宣传培训、实施经济林提质增效工程和充分发挥产业协会、创新联盟的作用等方面给出优化经济林良种推广的政策建议。 相似文献
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Understanding the benefits provided by urban trees is important to justify investment and improve stewardship. Many studies have attempted to quantify the benefits of trees in monetary terms, though fewer have quantified the associated costs of planting and maintaining them. This systematic review examines the methods used to jointly analyse the costs and benefits of trees in the urban landscape, assesses the relative balance of benefits and costs, and attempts to understand the wide variation in economic values assigned in different studies. The benefits most frequently studied are those related to environmental regulation and property values, and the available data show that these usually outweigh the costs. Aesthetic, amenity, and shading benefits have also been shown to provide significant economic benefits, while benefits in terms of water regulation, carbon reduction and air quality are usually more modest. Variation in benefits and costs among studies is attributed largely to differences in the species composition and age structure of urban tree populations, though methodological differences also play a role. Comparison between studies is made difficult owing to differences in spatiotemporal scope, and in the way urban forest composition and demographic structure were reported. The overwhelming majority of studies concern deciduous trees in Northern America, and much less is known about urban forests in other regions, especially in the tropics. Future work should thus seek to fill these knowledge gaps, and standardise research protocols across cities. In light of ambitious goals in many cities to increase tree cover, ongoing advances in valuation methods need to provide a more comprehensive accounting of benefits and costs, and to better integrate economic assessment into the decision-making process. 相似文献
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Spatiotemporal patterns of mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni) in response to a restoration of longitudinal connectivity
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Peter M. Kiffney Ben Cram Paul L. Faulds Karl Burton Michele Koehler Thomas P. Quinn 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2018,27(4):1037-1053
To examine the role of longitudinal connectivity on the spatial and temporal dynamics of mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni), we quantified movement and population dynamics following installation of the Landsburg Dam fishway, Cedar River, WA, USA. Mountain whitefish is widely distributed, poorly studied and not the focus of restoration. Before the fishway, mountain whitefish were not observed above the dam. Here, we focus on snorkel counts collected at reach and mesohabitat (e.g. pools) scales over 11 summers on the 20‐km above‐dam segment following restoration. A camera within the ladder provided number, size and movement timing, thereby informing on behaviour and recolonisation. Segment‐scale abundance increased following fish passage reaching an asymptote in 7 years, and mountain whitefish were detected throughout the main stem in 10 years. Annual movement through the ladder increased over time and was positively correlated with instream abundance and discharge, but negatively correlated with water temperature. About 60% of fish movements occurred in spring and early summer, potentially for foraging opportunities. Reach‐scale abundance peaked between 7 and 10 km from the dam; deep, cool (~10.6 to 11.6°C) conditions characterised these reaches. At the mesohabitat scale, mountain whitefish detection increased with depth and velocity after accounting for distance from the dam. Our results show how restoring longitudinal connectivity allowed this nontarget species to colonise newly available habitat. Their response supports the critical roles of longitudinal connectivity and environmental conditions, that manifest at different spatial scales, in dictating how freshwater fish respond to habitat disturbance. 相似文献
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红鳞蒲桃开花物候特性研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对红鳞蒲桃种群的花期物候,单株、单个花序、单花的开花动态进行系统的观测研究,详细测量并记录花部构件,同时调查红鳞蒲桃种群的同花期植物。结果表明:红鳞蒲桃种群的花期物候为8月1日~9月15日(2008年),持续时间46d;单株花期从23d到33d不等;单花序的花期情况较为复杂,总体表现为花朵数越多,该花序持续时间越长,但也有个别情况出现,在开花中期花序持续时间长,开花后期花序持续时间最短,开花前期花序持续时间介于两者之间;在整个种群花期内单花平均开花时间约5.2d,种群开花前期单花的持续时间约为6.7d,开花中期约为4.7d,末花期约为4.3d,种群开花前期单花的持续时间显著大于种群中后期的持续时间。红鳞蒲桃种群的同花期植物隶属于16科21属22种。 相似文献
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咖啡黑小蠹的发生规律及药剂防治研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
咖啡黑小蠢是近年在兴隆华侨农场严重危害中粒种咖啡的重要害虫。据1989年对4—5年生咖啡树调查,植株受害率100%,枝条受害率29.7—82.5%,虫害枯枝率7.65—17.8%。该虫以雌成虫钻蛀咖啡枝条为害,幼虫和成虫取食蛀道壁上的真菌菌丝。田间种群数量通常在3月上旬开始剧增,3月中下旬为高峰期,7月至10月田间虫口极少,11月以后逐渐有虫口及虫枯枝出现。温度是影响虫口波动的主要因素。2.5%溴氰菊酶、25%杀虫双、40%乐菊酯各兑水1000倍对成虫直接触杀效果显著,死亡率均为100%。48%乐斯本、40%氧化乐果400—800倍液等12种杀虫剂田间喷雾对咖啡枝条蛀洞内的成虫、蛹、幼虫防效均不明显。 相似文献
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经过蛋白质着色动力学的研究,发现蛋白质着色的行为遵循数学模型Y=aX^b。在pH2-6范围内,蛋白质上染料随染溶pH的下降而上升,在15-30℃温度范围内,蛋白质上染率随温度上升略有提高,当温度超过30℃时,蛋白质上染率逐渐下降。染浴中添加稀土对蛋白质有较强的促染效果,其实质是染浴中蛋白质首先对稀土高价阳离子进行结合,再通过高价阳离子对色素进吸附。 相似文献
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本试验就太谷地区番茄病毒病的消长情况作了重点的描述;同时对症状和病原进行了初步探讨。症状以的卷叶和条斑并重,病原以烟草花叶病毒(TMV)为主 相似文献
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新世纪我国林业建设进入了历史性变革时期,对森林效益的认识更加深化,对林业建设的需求更加全面、迫切,林业可持续发展对森林资源的培育、保护和管理有更新、更高的要求.根据我国林业建设战略性转变的要求,对森林培育的认识、目标以及策略、内容、科技等方面进行了分析,提出森林培育理论和技术如何适应建设战略性转变的建议. 相似文献