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抗光肩星天牛苏云金芽胞杆菌Bt886菌株的分离及对毒蛋白编码基因的初步鉴定 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
从拟谷盗虫尸中分离到一株对鞘翅目害虫光肩星天牛幼虫毒杀作用明显的Bt菌株Bt886。幼虫死亡率高达 6 0 % ,存活者生长明显受到抑制。经过晶体形态特征和杀虫谱分析 ,初步确认该菌株属于cry3类。比较cry3类基因的保守序列 ,利用一对cry3特异引物成功地从Bt886菌株中克隆到了一段基因片段并克隆至pGEM -T载体上。测序分析发现该片段与cry3Aa1基因具有很高的同源性 ,确定来自毒蛋白编码基因。Southern杂交分析表明该基因位于该菌株的质粒上。 相似文献
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Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) is the tree species most affected by wildfire in the Iberian Peninsula. Prediction of the probability of fire-injured tree mortality is critical for management of burned areas, evaluation of the ecological and economic impact of wildfire and prescribed fire planning and application. Pine bark beetles (Scolytidae) frequently attack burned maritime pine stands and cause extensive post-fire mortality throughout the Iberian Peninsula. In the present study, maritime pine trees were monitored for three years following 14 wildfires in four ecotypes in Spain (11 fires in Galicia (Galician ecotype - NW Spain), one fire in Portillo (Meseta-Castellana ecotype - Central Spain), one fire in Rodenal (Rodenal ecotype - Central Spain), and one fire in Genalguacil (Sierra Bermeja ecotype - SW Spain)). Data on tree attributes, crown and bole injury, ground fire severity, Ips sp. presence and tree survival were obtained by examining 3085 trees. Logistic regression models for predicting the probability of delayed maritime pine mortality were developed by use of generalized estimated equations (GEE). An ample range of response to fire damage in mortality was evident among the four ecotypes and different models were fitted for each. The most important variables for predicting tree mortality were total crown volume damaged, presence of Ips sp. attack and cambium kill rating. The results highlight the extensive presence of Ips sp. in burned maritime pine forests and its importance in tree mortality process, the ample range of response of P. pinaster, in terms of post-fire mortality, as well as the need to develop site specific mortality models for the different ecotypes of this species following fire. 相似文献
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通过调查灵空山地区不同立地条件、不同林分油松的受害情况,探讨红脂大小蠹发生危害程度与坡向、坡位、林分组成、林龄、是否割脂间的关系。结果表明:坡向、坡位、林分组成、林龄、割脂对红脂大小蠹的危害均有显著影响;且以阳坡重于阴坡,坡下重于坡上,林缘重于林内,纯林重于混交林,成熟林重于幼龄林,割脂重于未割脂。 相似文献
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笔者在山西省红脂大小蠹（Dendroctonus valens LeConte）发生地区做了连续调查,结果表明：油松抚育间伐林红脂大小蠹危害重于对照林;割脂与未割脂油松林红脂大小蠹危害差异显著（P=0.001）,割脂油松林红脂大小蠹危害重于未割脂油松林;过火与未过火油松林红脂大小蠹危害差异显著（P=0.014）,过火油松林红脂大小蠹危害重于未过火油松林;油松混交林与油松纯林红脂大小蠹危害无显著差异（P=0.828）,混交林不能减轻红脂大小蠹对油松的危害;不同郁闭度下对应的平均有虫株率不完全相同（P〈0.000 1）,郁闭度为0.3,0.4的林分受害最为严重;阴坡与阳坡油松林红脂大小蠹危害差异显著（P=0.000 1）,阳坡油松林红脂大小蠹危害重于阴坡油松林。 相似文献
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三北防护林杨树天牛的危害与防治 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
针对三北地区光肩星天牛(Anoplophoraglabripennis)和黄斑星天牛(A.nobilis)的分布与危害,总结和分析了防治杨树天牛危害的基本措施,阐述任何单一的防治方法、断断续续的防治、不彻底的防治、不成规模的局部防治和忽视检疫重治轻防都不能有效地控制天牛的蔓延和危害。强调了加强检疫和预测预报这项基本预防监控措施的重要性,提出了推广天牛非寄主树种和抗逆性强的树种,营造混交林,培育速生健康的防护林,增强抗性,减轻天牛危害,实行短轮伐期经营躲避天牛危害,推广天牛非寄主树种和抗逆性强树种营造混交林,在主栽树种林分中配置5%～10%的天牛喜食树种为诱集天牛集中危害的诱饵木等等以营林措施为主的抵御和躲避措施,以及加强联防联治,实行物理、化学、生物防治和人工捉、砸、铲、刮、掏虫相结合的综合治理措施,这是全面控制杨树天牛的有效措施。 相似文献
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Bruno Baur Samuel ZschokkeArmin Coray Martin SchläpferAndreas Erhardt 《Biological conservation》2002,105(2):133-142
Habitat destruction and degradation are the major causes for the decline of the endangered grass-feeding flightless beetle Dorcadion fuliginator in Central Europe. We examined habitat characteristics at 19 localities which still support abundant D. fuliginator populations in the southern part of the Upper Rhine valley (border region of Switzerland, Germany and France) to obtain basic information for the management of deteriorating habitats with declining beetle populations. Populations of D. fuliginator were found in different types of grassland on south, south-west and south-east facing slopes and flat ground. Correspondence analysis showed that plant communities of D. fuliginator localities overlap widely with fertilized, dry hay meadows (phyto-sociologically defined as dry type of the Arrhenatheretum community) and to a minor extent with traditionally extensively cultivated dry grasslands (Xerobrometum and Teucrio-Mesobrometum communities). Average indicator scores of the plant communities characterize the habitat of D. fuliginator as fairly light-exposed and warm, but with relatively large ranges in humidity and nutrient content. The results of a 16-year study on the timing of emergence of the first beetles in a population provided further evidence for the high temperature requirements of D. fuliginator. Proposed conservation measures include traditional cultivation of the present secondary, man-made D. fuliginator habitats, introduction of beetles to suitable motorway embankments as well as large-scale measures allowing natural dynamics in the flood plain along the river Rhine, the presumably primordial habitat of this highly endangered beetle. 相似文献
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Forests cover almost 30% of the Mediterranean region today, yet forest management activities have influenced structure and composition of both natural and planted forests. To date no study has been conducted to evaluate the impact of forest management on saproxylic beetle assemblages, although it is known that the Mediterranean is a biodiversity hotspot with a long-lasting human pressure on natural habitats. We provide an overview of saproxylic beetle assemblages of three forest types (mature Pinus halepensis forests, mature Pinus brutia forests, young Quercus calliprinos forests) in the East Mediterranean region using a one-year sample from 12 forest plots located in the north of Israel. 相似文献
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椰甲截脉姬小蜂和椰扁甲啮小蜂是入侵性害虫椰心叶甲的重要天敌。为了了解这两种寄生蜂的耐寒能力,测定了椰甲截脉姬小蜂和椰扁甲啮小蜂不同发育阶段的过冷却点和冰点。从过冷却点和冰点来看,椰甲截脉姬小蜂和椰扁甲啮小蜂具有一定的耐寒能力,可在椰心叶甲发生区越冬存活。两种寄生蜂的过冷却点和冰点不同发育阶段有所不同。寄生蜂蛹的过冷却点和冰点最高。雌、雄蜂之间的过冷却点和冰点皆没有显著差异。笔者认为,椰甲截脉姬小蜂和椰扁甲啮小蜂可在中国椰心叶甲所有发生区释放应用。 相似文献