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1.
运用NMDS方法研究了福州市居民对福州市旅游景区的认知。通过空间定位图分析发现,在居民的认知中福州市10家旅游景区被聚合为3个组群：自然风光类旅游景区组群、人文风貌和自然风貌旅游景区组群、海岛风光旅游景区和博物馆旅游景区组群;在当地居民对旅游景区的感知情况方面,有4家旅游景区的感知率小于60%;在到访情况方面,旅游景区到访率只有3家大于70%,有2家介于35%和55%之间,有5家小于30%。通过特征属性和旅游景区之间的配适分析与水平距离分析发现,居民对前2个组群的评价较高,对后1个组群的评价较低。据此提出了福州市旅游发展的建议。 相似文献
2.
高寒草甸不同功能群植被盖度对模拟气候变化的短期响应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为研究高寒生态系统植被群落对气候变化的响应,于２００７年５月沿青藏高原东北祁连山南坡对海拔３２００ｍ 的嵩草草甸、３４００ｍ 的灌丛草甸、３６００ｍ 的杂草草甸和３８００ｍ 的稀疏植被进行双向移栽试验。功能群（莎草类、禾本类、豆科类和杂类草）植被绝对盖度的方差分析表明高寒草甸植被群落对气候变化较为敏感。莎草类盖度与土壤含水量呈负线性相关,禾本类和豆科类分别与土壤含水量和气温呈正线性相关。海拔与杂类草盖度的二次方程可解释其６１％的变异。非度量多维排序（ｎｏｎ ｍｅｔｒｉｃｍｕｌｔｉ ｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎａｌｓｃａｌｉｎｇ,ＮＭＤＳ）暗示功能群对气候变化的响应具有特殊性。豆科类和杂类草、莎草类和禾本类存在较弱的盖度补偿效应。对比早期和模拟降温下的嵩草草甸群落组成,印证其具有较高的稳定性。 相似文献
3.
B.J. Browning G.J. Jordan P.J. Dalton S.J. Grove T.J. Wardlaw P.A.M. Turner 《Forest Ecology and Management》2010
In managed forest landscapes, understanding successional processes is critical to management for sustainable biodiversity. Coarse woody debris is a key substrate for forest biodiversity, particularly because it undergoes complex succession reflecting the effects of changes in both forest structure and substrate characteristics. The present study used a chronosequence approach to investigate succession of mosses, liverworts and ferns on coarse woody debris following clearfell, burn, sow native forest silviculture in wet eucalypt forest in Tasmania, focussing on discriminating between the effects of forest age and log decay. It also compared successional processes following wildfire with those following clearfell, burn, sow silviculture. Forest regenerating after the latter form of regeneration showed clear ecological succession up to 43 years (the limit of available sites), characterised by increasing diversity and cover, and clearly delineated specialisation among species with regard to successional stage. Analyses of subsets of the full data-set indicated that the effects of forest age dominated this succession, with minimal effects of substrate change independent of forest age. Analysis of within forest microenvironments were consistent with the inference that microenvironmental changes related to forest age drive major successional changes in these forests. Comparative analysis indicated similarity between successional states in post-wildfire and post- clearfell, burn, sow regeneration after 43 years for logs of the same decay stages, and continuing succession on post-wildfire sites to at least 110 years. Overall, these data suggest that management to sustain fern and bryophyte diversity should ensure that areas of forest beyond 110 years are represented in the landscape at appropriate spatial scales. 相似文献
4.
秦岭太白红杉林的群落学特征及类型划分 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
根据３７块标准地的调查资料，系统研究了太白红杉林的群落学特征，并通过Ｋ－ｍｅａｎｓ聚类分析对群落进行了分类。秦岭太白红杉林可划分为３个林型组，即灌木太白红杉林、草类太白红杉林、藓类太白红杉林，和１６个林分类型。应用ＮＭＤＳ排序技术，分析了太白红杉林下草本植物生态种组的特点，探讨了各林分类型与环境因子的关系，从而为保护经营这一珍稀植物群落提供了科学依据。 相似文献
5.
艾比湖湿地植物群落的数量分类和排序 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
应用双岐指示种分类法(TWINSPAN)和非度量多维标度(NMDS)排序方法分析了新疆艾比湖湿地25种主要植物在47个调查样地的存在-缺失数据,研究了艾比湖湿地植物群落的数量分类和排序。结果表明:TWINSPAN将艾比湖湿地25种主要植物种划分为8个群落类型,各群落内的植物种之间具有相似的生境。NMDS排序第一轴反映了土壤含水量梯度,第二轴反映了海拔梯度,样地在排序轴的分布与实际情况相吻合。TWINSPAN对样地和植物种的分类结果与NMDS方法对样地和植物种的排序结果一致,两种方法都能有效处理艾比湖湿地植物种分布数据的稀疏性。 相似文献
6.
Fungal endophytes are an important part of the plant microbiome and participate in maintaining the stability of ecosystems. Culture‐based methods are frequently considered in studying fungal communities because of their advantages in providing cultures for further experiments and their low cost. In comparison with next‐generation sequencing methods, their ability to assess fungal diversity is questionable. Here, we show how using two different incubation temperatures can improve the yield of fungal endophytes by culture‐based methods. Diversity, organ preference and spatiotemporal variability of endophytic fungal communities living within Quercus brantii L. were investigated using two different incubation temperatures. To test the effects of using low‐temperature incubation on diversity estimations, twigs and leaves of Quercus brantii were incubated under 25°C and 4°C conditions. Isolation rate and Hill's series of diversity were calculated for each sample. Model‐based analysis was used to evaluate the effects of (a) incubation temperature, (b) organ type and (c) spatiotemporal variations on fungal isolation rate, fungal diversity and community composition. Our results showed a strong organ specificity and temporal dynamics among endophytic fungal communities, but the location of the forest stand had only a limited effect on fungal community composition. Low‐temperature incubation enabled us to improve culture‐based methods by discovering the diversity of cold‐adapted fungal endophytes and a significantly different part of the endophytic communities that is usually missed by customary culturing temperature. The isolation of cold‐adapted endophytes from a semiarid environment opens a new window to further studies on this kind of fungi in such ecosystems. 相似文献
7.
以空间代替时间的方法,于2012年7月中旬-8月中旬在青藏高原祁连山南麓分别选取原生、轻度、中度和重度4种不同退化梯度的高寒嵩草（Kobresia）草甸,对其土壤理化、水分特征和植被群落进行研究,以探究高寒嵩草草甸生态功能退化过程中植被群落的变化特征.结果表明,中度退化样地的地上生物量、表层（0-10cm）土壤含水量和降水地表入渗速率显著最小（P＜0.01）,表层地下生物量、表层土壤有机质、表层田间持水量和草毡层厚度显著最大（P＜0.01）.基于退化高寒嵩草草甸群落的植被功能群和群落多样性的非度量多维排序结果表明,其退化过程可明确划分为原生植被、轻度退化、中度退化和重度退化4个阶段,冠层高度、地上生物量、草毡层厚度和降水地表入渗速率对群落变化的相对贡献较大.植被群落对退化过程的响应为非平衡型（Non-equilibrium）,群落变化的“分水岭”存在于中度退化和重度退化之间.研究结果对退化嵩草草甸的恢复措施选择具有重要的指导意义. 相似文献
8.
长沙岳麓山马尾松林的群落类型划分及物种多样性分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
运用TWINSPAN,flexible beta clustering,DCA,NMDS(non-metric multidimensional scaling)对岳麓山马尾松林群落类型进行划分,并采用Patrick指数、Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou指数研究群落的物种多样性。结果表明:1)flexible beta clustering和NMDS相结合要优于TWINSPAN和DCA,是比较理想的群落数量分类方法;2)岳麓山马尾松分布于10种群落中,马尾松除了组成较大面积的纯林外,还与其他本土阔叶树种组成6种针阔混交林;3)马尾松纯林物种多样性低,丰富度指数、均匀度指数、多样性指数、优势度指数均为最低值,尤其是草本层物种多样性极低。相比之下,针阔混交林,尤其是马尾松+苦槠林物种多样性较高;4)样地中马尾松的重要值与乔木层的各物种多样性指数、与草本层的均匀度指数、优势度指数存在负相关,与灌木层的物种多样性不存在相关关系。 相似文献
9.
东海北部鱼类组成特征分析 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
利用1997-2000年东海北部(29°30′～33°00′N,122°30′～128°00′E)四个季节的底拖网调查资料,选取生物量占总生物量90％的前27种鱼类,运用聚类分析和多维标度分析法,研究了东海北部鱼类组成的空间格局特征。结果显示东海北部鱼类组成可分为三个群聚类型,即近海群聚、较深海域群聚和外海群聚。近海群聚的主要种类有凤鲚(Coilia mystus)、龙头鱼(Harpadon nehereus)、黄鲫(Setipinna taty)等;较深海域群聚的主要种类有鳀(Engraulis japonicus)、带鱼(Trichiurus japonicus)、日本鲭(Scomber japonicus)、鳄齿鱼(Champsodon capensis)、细条天竺鲷(Apogon lineatus)、发光鲷(Acropoma japonicum)等;而竹(竹夹)鱼(Trachurus japonicus)、星康吉鳗(Conger myriaster)、黄鲷(Taius tumifrons)、水珍鱼(Argentina kgoshimae)、日本海鲂(Zeus fober)、绿鳍马面鲀(Thamnaconus sepremtrionalis)等为外海群聚的主要种类。同时分析了水深、底层温度、底层盐度等环境因子与鱼类群聚的关系,表明影响鱼类群聚的主要环境因子有水深、底层盐度。不同群聚间的种类分布是重叠交错的,并没有明显的群聚边界,但密集分布海域各异,不同群聚的种类组成在不同季节具有一定的持续性,其种类组成保持了相对的稳定。 相似文献
10.
Resource islands around woody plants are thought to define the structure and function of many semiarid and arid ecosystems, but their role in patterning of soil microbial communities remains largely unexamined in dry environments. This study examined soil resource distribution and associated fungal communities in two Allocasuarina luehmannii (buloke) remnants of semiarid north-western Victoria, Australia. These savannah-like woodlands are listed as endangered due to extensive clearing for agriculture. We used the DNA-based profiling technique T-RFLP and ordination-based statistical methods to compare fungal community compositions in surface soils from two remnants (located 1.6 km apart) and three sampling positions (beneath individual buloke canopies; grassy inter-canopy areas; and adjoining cleared paddocks). Resource island formation beneath buloke trees was clearly evident in soil physicochemical properties (e.g. threefold concentrations of total carbon and nitrogen in canopy versus non-canopy soils). This heterogeneity of resources was moderately correlated with soil fungal community compositions, which were distinct for each sampling position. We argue that fungal composition patterns reflected multiple roles of fungi in dryland ecosystems, namely: responses of saprotrophic fungi to tree organic matter inputs; specificity of ectomycorrhizal fungi to tree rooting zones; and fungal involvement in biological soil crusts that variably covered non-canopy soils. Our data did not indicate that buloke canopy areas were particular hotspots of soil fungal diversity, but that they increased landscape-level diversity by supporting a distinct suite of fungi. In addition, we provide evidence of phylogenetic differentiation of soil fungal communities between our two remnants, which adds to growing evidence of fungal genetic structure at localised scales. These findings highlight the importance of remnant trees in conserving both soil resources and microbial genetic diversity. In addition, evidence of differentiation of soil fungal phylogenetics between nearby but isolated remnants suggests that conserving soil fungal diversity requires conservation of host habitats over their entire (remaining) range, and indicates previously unseen consequences of tree loss from extensively cleared landscapes. 相似文献