透光抚育对“栽针保阔”红松林中红松生长过程的影响     

韩阳瑞牟长城  张晓亮等 《安徽农业科学》2014,(8):2365-2367,2392

[目的]通过研究长白山地区不同透光抚育强度下"栽针保阔"阔叶红松林中红松的生长情况,揭示透光抚育对"栽针保阔"红松林中红松生长过程的影响规律,旨在为阔叶红松林的恢复、经营提供有力的科学依据。[方法]研究5种透光抚育(未采伐对照、低度择伐、中度择伐、强度择伐及上层皆伐)对红松生长的影响。[结果]红松在群落中的地位随着透光抚育强度的增大逐步得到提升,同时透光抚育能够显著提高"栽针保阔"红松林内红松优势木(63.4%~146.5%、64.6%~158.6%)、平均木(57.9%~271.1%、42.5%~261.7%)和被压木(56.5%~182.6%、95.5%~245.5%)的树高和胸径,且呈现出随透光抚育强度的增大而递增的规律性。[结论]透光抚育能显著提高红松树高和胸径生长。  相似文献   

麦棉套种对预留棉行光合有效辐射的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

潘学标  邓绍华  王延琴  崔秀稳  董占山 《棉花学报》1994,(2)

对东西行向、预留棉行为１００ｃｍ的三二式麦棉套种方式研究表明，在小麦抽穗后的麦棉共生期间，预留棉行上的平均光合有效辐射仅为一熟棉田的５０％～８０％，株高低和叶片枯黄时光照削弱较小；在麦棉间距相同的情况下，北行棉花接受的ＰＰＦＤ较多，而正午前后南行棉花易受荫蔽，南行棉花适当北移，保持麦棉间距在３０ｃｍ以上，降低小麦群体株高，防止小麦旺长，起垄种棉，都有利于棉花生长发育。  相似文献   

海带孢子体光合活性对不同温度和光照的响应     

程晓鹏  章守宇  林军  汪振华  赵旭  黄琳  王凯 《水产学报》2020,44(2):234-244

为了从生理生态学角度解答温度和光照对海带孢子体生长过程的影响,探索海带孢子体对温度和光环境的生理响应机制,实验在测定养殖海域海带孢子体生长参数的基础上,设定了6、10、14和18°C 4个水温梯度的海带孢子体暂养实验,以及它们在0、25、70、133、230、317、421、582、786μmol photons/(m2·s) 9个光合有效辐射(PAR)梯度下的光合活性荧光参数测定。结果显示:①在6°C水温条件下,海带孢子体荧光参数Fv/Fm和Fv/F0最大,分别为0.71和2.40;在18°C水温条件下,其Fv/Fm和Fv/F0最小,分别为0.65和1.85;②暂养海带孢子体的光化学淬灭(qP)和非光化学淬灭(qN或NPQ)在18°C水温条件下达到最大,分别为0.92和3.29;③海带孢子体的快速光曲线随着光合有效辐射(PAR)的增强呈现先上升后下降的趋势;④海域养殖海带孢子体的最大叶长增长速率、叶宽增长速率和干重增重率分别为1.34 cm/d、0.33 cm/d和1.01 g/d。研究表明,海带孢子体干重生长率变化与不同水温条件下的快速光曲线变化一致,高温抑制了海带孢子体光合效率;当环境光合有效辐射大于样品光饱和点(Em)后,海带孢子体相对电子传递速率下降,光合作用受到抑制。  相似文献   

Does root-sourced ABA play a role for regulation of stomata under drought in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)     

Sven-Erik Jacobsen  Fulai LiuChristian Richardt Jensen 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009

The Andean seed crop quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is traditionally grown under drought and other adverse conditions that constrain crop production in the Andes, and it is regarded as having considerable tolerance to soil drying. The objective of this research was to study how chemical and hydraulic signalling from the root system controlled gas exchange in a drying soil in quinoa. It was observed that during soil drying, relative g_s and photosynthesis A_max (drought stressed/fully watered plants) equalled 1, until the fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) decreased to 0.82 ± 0.152 and 0.33 ± 0.061, respectively, at bud formation, indicating that photosynthesis was maintained after stomata closure. The relationship between relative g_s and relative A_max at bud formation was represented by a logarithmic function (r² = 0.79), which resulted in a photosynthetic water use efficiency WUE_Amax_/gs$\text{WU}{\text{E}}_{A_{\text{max}}/g_{\text{s}}}$ of 1 when FTSW > 0.8, and increased by 50% with soil drying to FTSW 0.7–0.4. Mild soil drying slightly increased ABA in the xylem. It is concluded that during soil drying, quinoa plants have a sensitive stomatal closure, by which the plants are able to maintain leaf water potential (ψ_l) and A_max, resulting in an increase of WUE. Root originated ABA plays a role in stomata performance during soil drying. ABA regulation seems to be one of the mechanisms utilised by quinoa when facing drought inducing decrease of turgor of stomata guard cells.  相似文献   

Simulation of transpiration, drainage, N uptake, nitrate leaching, and N uptake concentration in tomato grown in open substrate   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

M. Gallardo  J.S. Rodríguez  M.D. Fernández  J.J. Magán 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(12):1773-1784

Free-drainage or “open” substrate system used for vegetable production in greenhouses is associated with appreciable NO₃⁻ leaching losses and drainage volumes. Simulation models of crop N uptake, N leaching, water use and drainage of crops in these systems will be useful for crop and water resource management, and environmental assessment. This work (i) modified the TOMGRO model to simulate N uptake for tomato grown in greenhouses in SE Spain, (ii) modified the PrHo model to simulate transpiration of tomato grown in substrate and (iii) developed an aggregated model combining TOMGRO and PrHo to calculate N uptake concentrations and drainage NO₃⁻ concentration. The component models simulate NO₃⁻-N leached by subtracting simulated N uptake from measured applied N, and drainage by subtracting simulated transpiration from measured irrigation. Three tomato crops grown sequentially in free-draining rock wool in a plastic greenhouse were used for calibration and validation. Measured daily transpiration was determined by the water balance method from daily measurements of irrigation and drainage. Measured N uptake was determined by N balance, using data of volumes and of concentrations of NO₃⁻ and NH₄⁺ in applied nutrient solution and drainage. Accuracy of the two modified component models and aggregated model was assessed by comparing simulated to measured values using linear regression analysis, comparison of slope and intercept values of regression equations, and root mean squared error (RMSE) values. For the three crops, the modified TOMGRO provided accurate simulations of cumulative crop N uptake, (RMSE = 6.4, 1.9 and 2.6% of total N uptake) and NO₃⁻-N leached (RMSE = 11.0, 10.3, and 6.1% of total NO₃⁻-N leached). The modified PrHo provided accurate simulation of cumulative transpiration (RMSE = 4.3, 1.7 and 2.4% of total transpiration) and cumulative drainage (RMSE = 13.8, 6.9, 7.4% of total drainage). For the four cumulative parameters, slopes and intercepts of the linear regressions were mostly not statistically significant (P < 0.05) from one and zero, respectively, and coefficient of determination (r²) values were 0.96-0.98. Simulated values of total drainage volumes for the three crops were +21, +1 and −13% of measured total drainage volumes. The aggregated TOMGRO-PrHo model generally provided accurate simulation of crop N uptake concentration after 30-40 days of transplanting, with an average RMSE of approximately 2 mmol L⁻¹. Simulated values of average NO₃⁻ concentration in drainage, obtained with the aggregated model, were −7, +18 and +31% of measured values.  相似文献   

高产小麦品种蘖叶构型动态模式的探索     

董海滨  张煜  许为钢  郭瑞  韩留鹏  高崇  李正玲  王会伟  昝香存 《麦类作物学报》2017,(12):1555-1563

为阐述高产的小麦蘖叶构型特征,并验证了具有这种蘖叶构型小麦品种的高产性,对郑麦7698、周麦18和矮抗58的蘖叶动态及其特征进行分析。结果表明,高产小麦蘖叶建构过程中,分蘖以冬前低位蘖为主,春生高位蘖少且不拔节;小麦生育前期冠层上部叶片直立,冠层透光性好,下部叶片面积大且持绿期长,在灌浆中后期叶片仍能保持较好的直立性。这种蘖叶构型分蘖冗余小,光和养分资源能高效利用,同时冠层透光性好,群体光合同化能力可以得到充分发挥,进而易于实现高产。该蘖叶构型在密植条件下的优势更为突出,有助于解决生产中农民大播量种植进而造成倒伏减产的问题。  相似文献   

近红外光谱变量筛选提高西瓜糖度预测模型精度   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3  

介邓飞  谢丽娟  饶秀勤  应义斌 《农业工程学报》2013,29(12):264-270

水果的内部品质是水果分级、保鲜及存储的一项重要指标,利用近红外光谱技术对西瓜内部品质进行快速无损检测研究有着非常重要的意义。为了研究变量筛选方法对西瓜糖度预测模型精度的影响,该文以麒麟瓜为研究对象,利用近红外漫透射光谱技术对麒麟瓜可溶性固形物含量（SSC）进行检测,采用偏最小二乘回归（PLSR）,多元线性回归（MLR）和主成分回归（PCR）建立麒麟瓜可溶性固形物数学模型,并探讨等间隔平均光谱和等间隔抽取光谱变量筛选结合连续投影算法（SPA）对预测模型精度的影响。研究结果表明：光谱经等间隔抽取（间隔5,115个变量）经归一化预处理,结合SPA优选出6个波长建立的PLSR预测模型的相关系数（rpre）为0.828、校正均方根误差（RMSEC）为0.589、预测均方根误差（RMSEP）为0.611。该模型预测效果相对较优,建模时间短,提高了模型的预测能力和预测精度。该研究为西瓜内部品质的在线无损检测提供研究基础。  相似文献   

水分胁迫对冬小麦冠层辐射截获率和利用效率的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李华龙  窦子荷  蒋腾聪  冯浩  于强  何建强 《农业机械学报》2018,49(9):226-237

冬小麦地上部生物量和最终产量都取决于冠层截获光合有效辐射(Photosynthetically active radiation,PAR)的能力以及辐射利用效率(Radiation use efficiency,RUE)的大小。目前主要的作物生长模型都是利用作物冠层PAR截获率与RUE的关系来模拟作物的干物质积累和产量形成过程。为了探讨不同生育期受旱对冬小麦冠层PAR截获率和RUE的影响,本研究开展了2个生长季(2015—2016年和2016—2017年)的冬小麦田间试验。试验设置返青+拔节受旱(Early stress,ES),抽穗+灌浆受旱(Later stress,LS)以及全生育期不灌水(Whole stress,WS)3个不同处理,另外设置充分灌水处理作为对照(CK),灌水定额为80 mm。冠层接收到的太阳辐射通过每个小区中心处安装的PAR传感器全天候、不间断测得。结果表明土壤相对含水率能够有效反映冬小麦在不同受旱处理下的缺水状态。在受旱条件下,ES、LS和WS处理的最大叶面积指数分别比CK处理低31%、15%和58%。受叶面积指数影响,CK、ES、LS和WS处理的最大冠层PAR截获率分别为90%、88%、79%和42%,WS处理显著低于其他3个处理,同时,各处理叶面积指数和冠层PAR截获率的差异导致不同的冠层消光系数,其中ES处理的消光系数低于LS处理。CK、ES、LS和WS处理2年的平均地上部生物量分别为1 532、1 410、1 403、537 g/m~2。冬小麦的作物生长速率(Crop growth rate,CGR)呈现出和地上部生物量相似的规律,二者之间具有良好的相关性(R~2=0.99)。冠层辐射截获率和地上部生物量决定了冬小麦的RUE,本研究中CK处理的RUE为3.55 g/MJ,ES和LS处理的RUE要比CK处理低22%和5%,而WS处理仅比CK处理低22%。冬小麦的RUE在整个生育期呈先增大后减小的趋势,在开花期达到峰值。营养阶段受旱引起的冬小麦RUE降低幅度更大,全生育期受旱下冬小麦RUE呈现不同的干旱响应机制,有待于进一步研究。本研究认为将消光系数和RUE作为生育期或者积温的函数来对待而非单一常数,可以帮助改善作物模型中干物质的估算精度,降低模拟结果的不确定性。  相似文献   

酶解玉米粉糖化液脱色条件研究     

肖志刚  申德超  肖睿 《农产品加工．学刊》2008,(7)

以糖化液透光率为考核指标,以脱色温度、pH值、脱色时间及脱色剂用量为评价因素,采用二次正交旋转组合试验设计,对酶法水解挤压玉米粉生产葡萄糖的脱色工艺条件进行了研究。结果表明,活性炭用量为0.72%,pH值为4.0,脱色时间为31￣32min,脱色温度为75℃时,糖化液的一次性过滤透光率达94%以上。  相似文献   

基于遥感的广州市林分光合有效辐射分析研究     

薛亚东  杨燕琼 《林业资源管理》2010,(3)

以1998年Landsat TM,2003年Landsat ETM+和2007年IRS-P6卫星数据为信息源,利用归一化植被指数(NDVI)与光合有效辐射(PAR)的线性关系,得到广州市PAR的情况,研究其动态变化。结果表明:在经济快速发展的10年中,1998—2003年广州市林分PAR逐年增强,特别是阔叶林增加较快,而针叶林保持较稳定的状态,森林生产力较高。2003—2007年广州市区、花都区、番禺3个区的林分PAR明显减弱,2007年广州市区和番禺区林分光合有效辐射比率(FPAR)较小,这说明广州市在珠三角发展的带动下城市化进程加快,人为活动的影响越来越明显。  相似文献