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Throughout the southeastern United States, Rhus and Rubus species are common associates of the southern pines on a wide array of upland site and stand conditions. Because of their ability to overrun disturbed sites, these species are categorized as competitors to pine during stand regeneration. Since prescribed burning is often used for site preparation in advance of pine regeneration, this study investigated the effect of fire on the germination of seeds from three pine competitors (Rubus argutus Link, Rhus copallina L. and Rhus glabra L.). During dormant-season burns, sumac seeds were located 45 cm above litter, within the F layer of a reconstructed forest floor, and at the interface of the forest floor and mineral soil. During growing-season burns, fresh blackberry fruits were placed at heights of 0, 15, 30, and 45 cm above the surface litter of a reconstructed forest floor. In subsequent germination tests, sumac seeds from within the F layer of burned litter had significantly higher germination rates for smooth sumac (31%) and shining sumac (42%) as compared to unburned control seeds (1–5%). In general, germination rates for sumac seeds placed in the air or on mineral soil during burning were no better than control seeds. Seeds from blackberry fruits that were located at heights of 15, 30, and 45 cm had germination rates that were comparable to unburned control seeds (18%), but seeds from fruits placed on the litter during burning had <1% germination. Results suggest that sumac seed germination may be enhanced by the heat from prescribed burning, whereas blackberry seeds showed more germination response to multiple germination cycles which indicated a potential for long-term storage in the soil seed bank. 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(21):3187-3204
The effects of soil salinity on growth, photosynthetic pigments, ion relations, and compatible solute accumulation of two sumac seedlings (Rhus glabra and Rhus trilobata) treated with five salinity levels in a completely randomized block design with four replications were studied. Both species were inhibited by soil salinity, but salt-damaged symptoms appeared much earlier and more severely in R. glabra, and relative height growth rates (RGRH) and photosynthetic pigment contents were much higher on average in R. trilobata. The biomass increment, root/shoot ratio, and relative shoot dry weight (DW) were significantly affected only in R. glabra. Rhus trilobata showed stable potassium (K+) concentration and low sodium (Na+) accumulation in roots, stems, and leaves, and a proline concentration 10 times greater than that of R. glabra. Overall, our findings suggest that R. trilobata is more salt-tolerant than R. glabra, which is presumably rooted in its better performance in ionic homeostasis and osmotic regulation. 相似文献
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James D. Haywood 《New Forests》1994,8(2):143-154
Seeds from 10 species were collected, sealed in fiberglass screen pouches, and stored under hardware-cloth cages on both a forest and cleared site for up to five years. At each site, half of the pouches were placed under leaf litter and the other half were planted in mineral soil. Liquidambar styraciflua and Callicarpa americana seeds had high germination rates under all conditions. Quercus falcata, Sassafras albidum, Rhus copallina, and Vaccinium arboreum required planting in mineral soil to ensure germination. Planted Myrica cerifera and Vitis aestivalis seeds germinated well on both sites. Myrica cerifera also germinated well if placed under litter on the forest floor and Vitis aestivalis if placed under litter on the cleared site. Germination of Crataegus uniflora seeds was erratic. Most Lonicera japonica were unsound when collected. Germination rates generally decreased over time, but some Sassafras albidum, Myrica cerifera, and Vaccinium arboreum seed germinated after four years, and Rhus coppalina, Callicarpa americana, Crataegus uniflora, and Vitis aestivalis seeds germinated after five years in the field. 相似文献
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火炬树克隆植株生长和生物量特征的研究 总被引：18，自引：2，他引：18
通过随机选取样木后进行室内外测定 ,揭示了外来种火炬树水平侧根形态特征、生物量积累格局与克隆繁殖的关系。结果表明 :火炬树克隆子株前端水平侧根直径超过后端水平侧根直径的形态不对称性随树龄而日趋显著 ,随地形起伏变化几乎呈现完全一致形态特征 ;火炬树子株前端水平侧根直径与其地径、冠幅、树高的相关性高于后端水平侧根直径 ;生长于荒山石隙生境 1～ 6a火炬树的生物量分配比例为树冠大于根系 ,单位长度水平侧根生物量却以子株前端水平侧根高于子株后端水平侧根 ,由此形成的生物量冠根复合分配格局成为火炬树克隆繁殖快速占据新生境的营养物质前提。火炬树具有营养物质在水平侧根趋前储备的特征 ,为其快速克隆繁殖准备最小空间间隔的相对充足的营养库。火炬树是一个入侵力正在表达的外来种。 相似文献
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