基于SLMD的生物质热解动力学预测模型     

樊永胜  蔡忆昔  李小华  焦丽华  俞宁 《农业机械学报》2015,46(5):179-184

采用单纯形格子混合设计法(SLMD)对纤维素、半纤维素和木质素3种生物质组分进行复配优化设计,并在综合热分析仪上进行了热解试验。分析了3组分混合热解特性,建立了由生物质3组分比例直接计算动力学参数的预测模型,对模型进行了试验验证。结果表明:纤维素热解反应级数较低(1.20),活化能较高(134.50 k J/mol),指前因子较大(3.49×1012s-1),热解较为迅速与剧烈;半纤维素和木质素热解的反应级数较高(1.30、1.32),活化能较低(33.51、19.98 k J/mol),指前因子较小(9.43×103、107 s-1),热解较为缓慢;3组分在混合热解中对动力学参数存在交互影响,纤维素对活化能和指前因子的影响较为显著,而半纤维素与木质素对反应级数的影响较大;动力学参数预测模型精度较高,可有效预测生物质热解动力学参数。  相似文献   

不同热解温度对生物质炭化学性质的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

尹云锋  张鹏  雷海迪  马红亮  高人 《热带作物学报》2014,35(8):1496-1500

本实验以杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)和木荷(Schima superba)的凋落物为研究材料,选择不同热解温度(250、350、450、550、650和750℃)分别制备生物质炭,研究不同热解温度以及不同材料对生物质炭化学性质的影响。结果表明,生物质炭的含碳量、C/N比和灰分随热解温度的升高而呈增加趋势,但可溶性碳含量和挥发性物质则随温度的升高而呈现下降的变化。2种材料制备的生物质炭的pH值介于5.96~11.93之间。回归分析发现,2种类型生物质炭,挥发性物质与热解温度呈现了极显著的线性关系(p0.01)。统计分析表明,在相同温度条件下,由杉木和木荷凋落物制备的生物质炭,其灰分、含碳量以及挥发性物质,差异并不显著;但含氮量、C/N比和可溶性碳含量,差异则达到了显著水平(p0.05)。  相似文献   

柴油/甲醇燃烧微粒热解化学反应参数研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

赵洋  王忠  李铭迪  李瑞娜 《农业机械学报》2014,45(2):11-15

应用热重/差热同步分析仪,在氧气氛围下对柴油/甲醇(M0/5/15)燃烧微粒进行了热解过程试验,得到了微粒的失重曲线和燃烧速率曲线。根据试验数据分析了微粒的热解过程、着火温度和燃尽特性指数,并计算了微粒的热解动力学参数。结果表明,随着甲醇掺混比的增大,微粒中挥发组分的质量减少,第1温度区间的热解速率峰值减小,固定碳颗粒的质量增加,第2温度区间的热解速率峰值增大;微粒的反应活化能降低,热解性能增强;微粒的着火温度降低,燃烧特性指数和燃尽特性指数上升,微粒的燃烧效率提高。  相似文献   

How do earthworms influence organic matter quantity and quality in tropical soils?     

Hanh Nguyen Hong  Cornelia Rumpel  Gérard Bardoux  Toan Tran Duc 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2011,43(2):223-230

Earthworms are important regulators of soil structure and soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics; however, quantifying their influence on SOM cycling in tropical ecosystems remains little studied. Simulated rainfall was used to disrupt casts produced by Amynthas khami and their surrounding soil (control) into a range of small sized aggregates (50-250, 250-500, 500-2000 and 2000-5000 μm). To gain insight into how earthworms influence SOM biogeochemical composition in the aggregates, we carried out elemental and stable isotope analysis, and analytical pyrolysis (Py GC/MS). We also characterized their lignin component after oxidation with cupric oxide (CuO).The C content of smaller size fractions (<500 μm) in the control soil was higher than in the larger fractions. Our study therefore suggests that the aggregate hierarchy concept, which is used to understand soil aggregates and SOM dynamics in temperate soils, may not be applicable to the tropical Acrisol studied here. Earthworms modified SOM organization in soil aggregates. Although the isotope analyses were useful for highlighting SOM enrichment in the earthworm casts, aggregate fractions could not be classified according to particle size. Molecular analyses were necessary to indicate that SOM in all size fractions of casts consisted of relatively undecomposed material. Protection of the most labile SOM structures occurred in the smallest aggregate size fraction (50-250 μm). Py GC/MS showed that earthworm casts and control aggregates <2000 μm could be clearly distinguished according to the molecular properties of their SOM. Aggregates larger than 2000 μm, however, were most probably composed of all fractions and were not different. As a consequence, our results indicate that studies to determine the impact of earthworms on SOM turnover in soil are spatially dependant on the scale of observation.  相似文献   

Qualitative differences between day- and night-time rhizodeposition in maize (Zea mays L.) as investigated by pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry     

A. Melnitchouck  K.-U. Eckhardt 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2005,37(1):155-162

Rhizodeposition is an important pathway of atmospheric C-input to soil, however, quantity and quality of plant rhizodeposition are insufficiently known. Therefore, the composition and diurnal dynamics of water-soluble root-derived substances and products of their interaction with sandy soil were investigated in maize plants (Zea mays L.) by pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry (Py-FIMS). In both night- and day-rhizodeposits the C, N and S concentrations were larger by factors ranging from 3.0 to 9.7 than the samples from non-cropped soil. The rhizodeposition was larger during the day than during the night-time and the composition of these deposits was different. The largest differences in the Py-FI mass spectra resulted from signals assigned to amino acids (aspartic acid, asparagine, glutamic acid, leucine, isoleucine, hydroxyproline and phenylalanine) and carbohydrates, in particular pentoses, which were exuded in the photosynthetic period. Marker signals in the Py-FI mass spectra and the curves of their thermal volatilization provided unequivocal evidence for the occurrence of free amino acids in the day-rhizodeposits. Other compounds detected in the Py-FI mass spectra were interpreted as constituents of rhizodeposits (lipids, suberin, fatty acids) or products of the interaction of rhizodeposits and microbial metabolites with stable soil organic matter (lignin dimers and alkylaromatics). It was concluded that the diurnal dynamics in the molecular-chemical composition between day- and night-rhizodeposits resulted from the exudation carbohydrates and amino acids during the photosynthetic period, the deposition of other root-derived compounds such as lipids, suberin and fatty acids, and the microbial metabolism of all available organic compounds in the rhizosphere. Furthermore, applications of the presented approach in C-turnover and phytoremediation research, and for risk assessment of genetically modified crops are proposed.  相似文献   

一种带有产气热裂解装置的新型热解气化炉的实验研究     

易维明  曾德超 《农业工程学报》1995,11(3):150-154

在实验室建造了一种带有产气热裂解装置的新型热解燃气发生炉作为实验模型,用玉米芯为燃料进行了对运行参数优化的试验分析。结果表明,强要根据入料的水分含量适当地搭配热解温度和热裂解温度,就可以得到较为满意的气化结果。对自然风干的玉米芯用600℃热解温度和800℃产气热裂解温度可使产气中焦油含量为9％以下、产气率达74％,产气性能远比普通煤气发生炉高得多。  相似文献   

3种典型烟草薄片热裂解行为的研究     

黄燕南  杨柳  汤建国  吴亿勤  刘丽  周梅村  牟定荣 《安徽农业科学》2012,(31):15400-15402

[目的]比较不同温度下3种典型烟草薄片的裂解产物。[方法]利用在线裂解气相色谱/质谱法(PY/GC-MS)研究了3种典型烟草薄片(2种国产薄片,1种进口薄片)的热裂解行为。在氦气氛围中,分别将这3种烟草薄片在300、600、900℃下进行热裂解,并采用气质联用对其裂解产物进行了定性和半定量分析。[结果]3种烟草薄片裂解产物随裂解温度升高而增多,低温下裂解产物主要为酸类等物质,高温下裂解产物种类较复杂。在900℃裂解温度下,3种薄片裂解产物含量最多的均为酸类,其次为酮类,但醇类、芳烃类、醚类和杂环类差异较大。[结论]该研究可为烟草薄片在卷烟生产中的有效应用提供理论依据。  相似文献   

Physicochemical Characteristics of Biochars Derived From Corn,Hardwood, Miscanthus,and Horse Manure Biomasses     

Kurt Nagel  M. Abdul Mottaleb  Jonathan Wistrom  Michael Bellamy 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2019,50(8):987-1002

Biochar, a carbon-rich by-product of biomass pyrolysis, is widely recognized as a potential ingredient for soil amendment, fertility, and carbon sequestration owing to its favorable physicochemical properties. The objective of this study was to investigate the chemical and physical properties of biochars produced through pyrolysis at 450°C from agricultural residues available in Northwest Missouri, namely hardwood (HW), corn stover (CR), miscanthus (MS), and horse manure (HM). These properties were assessed through the analysis of pyrolysis yield, pH, volatile matter, fixed carbon, ash and carbon (C), hydrogen (H), sulfur (S), nitrogen (N) contents, trace metal concentrations, surface morphology, surface functional groups, bulk density, and water holding capacity. The biochars derived from HW, MS and CR materials showed high volatile-matter (33–42%), high fixed carbon contents (42–47%), very low ash contents (6–15%), and low bulk density (0.14–0.28 g cm^?3) as compared to that of HM. A wide range of trace elements was observed in biochar samples with significant differences in concentrations. In addition, CR, HW and MS biochars displayed a disordered graphitic-like structure with well-developed pores and surface areas of 23, 70 and 90 m²/g respectively, and high water-holding capacity up to 750%, indicating their potential application as a soil amendment.  相似文献   

落叶松木材的热解特性   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

杜洪双  常建民  李瑞  王朋起 《东北林业大学学报》2009,37(12)

采用热重分析仪研究了在不同升温速率、粒径下,落叶松树皮和实木的热解特性.结果表明:升温速率升高使热重(TG)和微商热重(DTG)曲线向高温侧移动,热解主要阶段变宽;粒径增大,DTG曲线温度增加,GDT绝对值减少;落叶松树皮GDT最大值为-0.0048,落叶松实木GDT最大值为-0.01,落叶松实木的热解转化率大于落叶松树皮的热解转化率.  相似文献   

Characterization of biodiesel and bio-oil from Sterculia striata (chicha) oil     

M.B.P. Mangas  F.N. Rocha  P.A.Z. Suarez  S.M.P. Meneghetti  D.C. Barbosa  R.B. dos SantosS.H.V. Carvalho  J.I. Soletti 《Industrial Crops and Products》2012,36(1):349-354

This work describes the mechanical and solvent extraction of Sterculia striata seed oil. It was determined that the seeds contain up to 41% in oil, which has an unusual composition. Indeed, up to 50% of the fatty acid contain cyclopropenoid ring. The oil was used as raw material to produce bio-oil and biodiesel and their physical-chemical properties were evaluated. Some of the studied physical-chemical properties of the S. striata biodiesel are in acceptable range for use as biodiesel in diesel engines, showing a promising economic exploitation of this raw material in semi-arid regions. It was also observed that the cyclopropenoid ring remains after transesterification and is decomposed during pyrolysis.  相似文献