水分胁迫对荔枝幼树根系与梢生长的影响   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

张承林  付子轼 《果树学报》2005,22(4):339-342

以盆栽沙培1年生荔枝空中压条苗为试材,研究了水分胁迫对荔枝幼树根系和梢生长的影响以及二者的相互关系。3个处理为:沙体积含水量为7.5%(严重缺水),15.0%(一般缺水),22.5%(充分供水)。结果表明:水分胁迫严重抑制荔枝幼树地上部分和各级侧根的生长,使地上部枝梢生长严重受阻,叶片数量、平均叶面积、叶片厚度均显著变小;根总干重、侧根长度、根表面积显著减少。水分胁迫下促进须根的生长,须根的长度、根表面积比水分充足时显著增加。水分胁迫时叶片淀粉含量下降,而根系积累更多的淀粉。比较不同处理的根梢比发现,干旱对根系生长的抑制作用比枝梢更显著。  相似文献   

糖和氮对山楂组织培养新梢生根的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘庆忠  牟云官  辛培刚 《果树学报》1992,(3)

采用敞口山楂组培新梢研究糖和无机氮源对不定根形成的影响,含有高水平蔗糖的培养基比低水平蔗糖的培养基新梢生根率高。新梢对糖的这种反应与糖代谢和物理渗透都有关,用甘露醇作为渗透代替剂在低浓度蔗糖存在下无作用,当蔗糖浓度达到一定程度时(86.64mmol·1~(-1))能影响新梢的生根率。在培养基中分别加入NO_3~(-)-N或NH_4~(+)-N作为唯一氮源,或是在MS培养基中加入NO_3~-/NH_4~+比率为标准的混合氮源,在测试范围(0～120mmol·1~(-1))内均降低新梢的生根率,三者对生根的抑制作用大小顺序依次为NH_4~+>NO_3~(-)-NH_4~(+)-N>NO_3~(-)-N.NO_3~-/NH_4~+的比率影响生根。NO_3~-/NH_4~+比率与生根之间呈直线正相关。糖/氮比值高有利于生根。插穗中碳、氮的绝对量及碳/氮比率可作为山楂新梢生根的指标。  相似文献   

几种抗生素对梨叶片愈伤组织和不定梢诱导的影响     

刘淑芳  汤浩茹  王梅  刘祥林 《果树学报》2005,22(5):454-458

研究了氨苄青霉素(Amp)、羧苄青霉素(Carb)、头孢霉素(Cef)和卡那霉素(Km)对梨叶片愈伤组织和不定梢诱导的影响。结果表明,Amp对巴梨叶片分化影响较小,当浓度达500mg/L时,其出愈率和不定梢再生率分别为96.48%和56.17%,与对照差异不显著;Cef浓度在50-300mg/L时对巴梨和身不知叶片再生均无显著影响,只有当Cef浓度高于400mg/L时,巴梨的不定梢再生率才受到显著抑制;巴梨和身不知叶片对Carb的反应不相同,低浓度(≤200mg/L)的Carb对巴梨的出愈率和不定梢再生率影响较小,却显著抑制身不知的不定梢再生率,高浓度(≥300mg/L)的Carb不仅极显著抑制巴梨和身不知的出愈率,而且完全抑制了2者的不定梢再生;Km浓度大于10mg/L时,明显抑制愈伤组织的生长,且随着浓度的增加,死亡率逐渐增大,当Km浓度达100mg/L时,巴梨和身不知叶片死亡率达100%和96.30%。  相似文献   

培养条件对酸枣叶片不定梢再生率的影响   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

孙清荣  刘庆忠  孙洪雁 《果树学报》2002,19(1):24-26

以酸枣无菌苗叶片为外植体,选用基本培养基ＮＮ６９和ＷＰＭ,外源激素包括ＴＤＺ、ＩＡＡ、ＩＢＡ和ＮＡＡ,暗培养时间为２、３、４周。采用正交实验设计方法,研究了基本培养基、外源激素及暗培养时间对叶片不定梢再生的影响。结果表明在附加ＴＤＺ１~３ｍｇ/Ｌ的ＷＰＭ和ＮＮ６９上都可诱导不定梢再生,但ＷＰＭ比ＮＮ６９更有效。暗培养时间对不定梢再生也有影响,暗培养３周比２、４周更有利于提高叶片的不定梢再生率。在附加ＴＤＺ１ｍｇ/Ｌ、ＩＡＡ０．１ｍｇ/Ｌ的ＷＰＭ培养基上,暗培养３周后转到光下培养,获得的不定梢再生率达８７．５%。  相似文献   

荔枝环剥时期对新梢生长及碳素储备的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

黄旭明  王惠聪  袁炜群 《园艺学报》2003,30(2):192-194

 枝梢环剥显著抑制了‘怀枝’荔枝新梢的生长，并导致射线细胞和髓部大量积累淀粉。梢芽萌发或伸长前环剥可完全抑制新梢生长，而新梢快速伸长期环剥对其抑制效应最弱。秋季环剥对新梢的抑制和对淀粉积累的促进效应明显高于春季环剥。环剥口以上的老叶面积和环剥位置并不影响环剥对新梢生长的抑制效应和促进淀粉的积累效应，但环剥口以上单位枝梢长度的叶面积与淀粉含量呈显著正相关。  相似文献   

Estimation of phenotypic variability in symbiotic nitrogen fixation ability of common bean under drought stress using 15N natural abundance in grain     

《European Journal of Agronomy》2016

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important food legume, cultivated by small farmers and is usually exposed to unfavorable conditions with minimum use of inputs. Drought and low soil fertility, especially phosphorus and nitrogen (N) deficiencies, are major limitations to bean yield in smallholder systems. Beans can derive part of their required N from the atmosphere through symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF). Drought stress severely limits SNF ability of plants. The main objectives of this study were to: (i) test and validate the use of ¹⁵N natural abundance in grain to quantify phenotypic differences in SNF ability for its implementation in breeding programs of common bean with bush growth habit aiming to improve SNF, and (ii) quantify phenotypic differences in SNF under drought to identify superior genotypes that could serve as parents. Field studies were conducted at CIAT-Palmira, Colombia using a set of 36 bean genotypes belonging to the Middle American gene pool for evaluation in two seasons with two levels of water supply (irrigated and drought stress). We used ¹⁵N natural abundance method to compare SNF ability estimated from shoot tissue sampled at mid-pod filling growth stage vs. grain tissue sampled at harvest. Our results showed positive and significant correlation between nitrogen derived from the atmosphere (%Ndfa) estimated using shoot tissue at mid-pod filling and %Ndfa estimated using grain tissue at harvest. Both methods showed phenotypic variability in SNF ability under both drought and irrigated conditions and a significant reduction in SNF ability was observed under drought stress. We suggest that the method of estimating Ndfa using grain tissue (Ndfa-G) could be applied in bean breeding programs to improve SNF ability. Using this method of Ndfa-G, we identified four bean lines (RCB 593, SEA 15, NCB 226 and BFS 29) that combine greater SNF ability with greater grain yield under drought stress and these could serve as potential parents to further improve SNF ability of common bean.  相似文献   

Effect of the Substrates on the Production of Engrafted Vine Cuttings in Heated Greenhouses     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(16):2488-2495

This article highlights the results of a long-term research project on the production of grape stalks engrafted by the desk method. The integrated impact of rootstock varieties, modes of stratification, and different substrates on vegetating vine cuttings, raised in heated greenhouses, and the capacity of their acclimatization after planting was studied. The results of the research show that rootstock variety and modes of stratification influence the output of engrafted vegetating cuttings of vines grown in pots using various substrates. In particular, the engrafted cuttings of variety Rkatsiteli produced on two rootstocks, 5 BB and 101-14, passed stratification (a) in sawdust with local electroheating, (b) on the water with its periodic change, and (c) in the layer of perlite. After preplanting preparations they were planted in pots with six different substrates: (1) soil (control); (2) perlite; (3) sawdust; (4) rice husk + soil + sand (1:1:1); (5) peat + soil + sand (1:1:1); and (6) mold + soil + sand (1:1:1). The cuttings were grown with a covered root system in a heated greenhouse for 35–40 days. Forty-day-old vegetating cuttings, after hardening, were planted into the open ground. Specialties were established during the root and shoot formation on vegetating nursery plant grafts during the rooting period. Optimal substrates for growing engrafted cuttings with a covered root system in heated greenhouses for each rootstock and stratification mode were determined.  相似文献   

省沽油硬枝扦插生根特性   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

刘正祥  张华新  刘涛 《东北林业大学学报》2007,35(7):13-15

探讨了省沽油1年生硬枝扦插繁殖技术,对影响插穗生根的插穗类型、激素种类、激素质量分数、激素处理时间以及基质种类5个因素进行研究.运用正交试验筛选出扦插最佳组合为A4B4C2D3E4或A4B1C2D3E4,即选择带两对腋芽的下部插穗,用100 mg/kg的NAA或ABT1处理30 min,以蛭石∶草碳=1∶3为基质,进行扦插育苗效果最好,试验处理中最高生根率为73.8%.省沽油硬枝插穗属于综合性生根类型,易生根,根系发达,生根与愈伤组织没有必然联系.  相似文献   

赤桉人工种子制备过程中微芽繁殖体转株的研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

谷瑞升  陈正华  关月兰  刘桂珍 《林业科学》1998,34(3):26-31

实现包裹后的微芽繁殖体的生根和萌发生长即转株是以微芽为繁殖体制备人工种子中较为重要的环节之一。本试验系统地研究了生长调节剂种类、浓度以及微芽发育状态与赤桉（Ｅｕｃａｌｙｐｔｕｓｃａｍａｌｄｕｌｅｎｓｉｓ）微芽转株的关系,研究了包裹基质中直接添加诱导生根的生长调节剂及微芽生根预诱导对包裹后微芽转株的影响。试验结果表明：ＮＡＡ较ＩＢＡ和ＩＡＡ有较好的诱导微芽生根的效果;选取幼嫩及活跃生长的微芽是获得较高生根率的重要环节;包裹基质中直接添加诱导生根的生长调节剂未能解决包裹后微芽转株的问题;微芽经生根预诱导再附带生根介质包裹对微芽转株有良好的促进作用。微芽包裹后二周生根率可达８１３％,三周后转株率可达８３３％。  相似文献   

农杆菌介导法向小麦茎尖导入DREB1A基因的研究初报   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

梁欣欣  刘录祥  赵林姝  张举仁  郭会君  赵世荣  郑企成 《麦类作物学报》2007,27(1):16-19

为了研究以小麦茎尖为受体进行农杆菌转化的可行性,选用小麦品种H6756,以茎尖为受体进行了农杆菌转化.构建了含有拟南芥逆境诱导转录因子DREB1A及除草剂bar基因的表达载体pC3300IS-DREB1A,酶切鉴定此载体,结果证明其连接完全正确,具有转录和表达的功能.农杆菌介导法向小麦茎尖导入DREB1A基因,共获得247株转化苗.转化苗经除草剂筛选,获得66株抗性苗,对抗性苗进一步进行PCR检测,有30株抗性苗扩增出特异性片段,转化率达到12.1%,初步说明本试验中以小麦茎尖为受体的转化系统用于基因转化是可行、高效的.  相似文献