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Bare-root stock of Douglas-fir, lodgepole pine, white fir, and grand fir, inoculated with Pisolithus tinctorius and handled by standard nursery, cold storage and planting practices performed no better than stock which was not intentionally inoculated but which had formed mycorrhizae with indigenous, nursery fungi on a variety of different outplanting sites in southwestern Oregon. Climate, planting sites and nursery practices in the Pacific Northwest differ drastically from those in the southeastern United States, where P. tinctorius has increased plantation survival and growth. Before P. tinctorius can be recommended for nursery inoculation in the Pacific Northwest, its reaction to each phase of the nursery and planting process needs to be carefully analyzed to determine where the problems lie.This article was written and prepared by US Government employees on official time, and is therefore in the public domain. 相似文献
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《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(2-3):31-58
Abstract Above- and below-ground responses of juvenile loblolly pine (Pinus taedaL.) and white oak (Quercus albaL.) to tropospheric ozone (0.0, 0.06, and 0.12 μL L-1 O3), acid precipitation (pH 4.8, 4.2, and 3.6), and induced ectomycorrhizal colonization (Pisolithus tinctorius [Pers.] Coker & Couch vs. natural mycobiont), alone and in combination, were examined. After 30 weeks, the filtered air treatment (ozone 0.0) reduced foliar injury but also produced smaller stem diameters, lower total foliage and total shoot dry weights, decreased needle density, and shorter root systems in inoculated pine, growth responses not found in uninoculated pine. Height growth of inoculated oak was increased by the filtered air treatment while leaf density was reduced by 0.12 μL L-1 O3, results also not found in uninoculated oak. Ectomy-corrhizal colonization percentages in pine decreased with increasing O3 concentration regardless of mycorrhizal treatment, and the filtered air treatment produced the highest infection percentages in inoculated oak as well. Rains of pH 4.2 stimulated height growth in inoculated pine while diameter decreased in inoculated oak but increased in uninoculat-ed oak with declining pH. Also, pH 4.2 rainfall increased root weight in inoculated oak while that of pH 4.8 reduced foliar injury but also shoot weight in oak regardless of mycorrhizal treatment. Generally, the my-corrhization response to increasing rainfall acidity was reduced colonization. Independent of the other treatments, inoculation produced a substantial increase in above- and below-ground growth of both pine and oak, and also increased foliage density but reduced specific root length in each species. Overall, these results indicate that the growth responses to O3 and acid deposition of loblolly pine and white oak are strongly influenced by mycorrhization, but that the magnitude of these responses is exceeded by those to mycorrhization alone. However, the propensity revealed here for both O3 and acid precipitation to suppress mycorrhizal colonization in these two species may indicate the potential for a gradual reduction in long-term forest productivity in the southeastern United States. 相似文献
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自1998年始,我们已在湖南、江苏等地建立了65ha以上红汁乳菇马尾松种植园。这些林分一般三年后开始产菇,年产量可达675kg／ha。为了确认所产红汁乳菇子实体来源于接种的菌根苗而非自然侵入的孢子,我们进行了子实体、菌根苗菌根的分子研究。首次比较了试验地所产子实体与红汁乳菇-马尾松菌根苗培养钵内的菌根的ITS序列。同时,用RAPD法分析了取自于试验地内的10个红汁乳菇子实体。结果表明,10个子实体中的9个与起始菌种CX1相比具有75％～96％的相似性。其余一个及作为外群取自于340km外的广西融水的子实体与起始菌种分别具有61％和37％的相似性。我们认为,上述9个子实体与起始菌种的相关性比外群和第10个子实体更为紧密。推测认为起始菌株及其子代菌丝形成了上述9个子实体,而其余一个子实体可能来源于周边森林侵入的孢子。 相似文献
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Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings were grown under a factorial design to measure biomass accumulation and P, Na and K concentrations of plants, with 3 different ectomycorrhizal fungus (EMF) strains (Boletus edulis, Xerocomus chrysenteron and Gomphidius viscidus) and two P treatments (with or without extra P). Growth and mineral nutrition of pine seedlings were stimulated by three EMF under salinity stress. Na concentrations were changed and plant K and P concentrations were increased significantly by EMF. Adding extra P made no difference in accumulation of seedlings biomass, and did not assist element absorption of plants. Although three strains of EMF can all enhance the tolerance of pine seedlings to salinity stress, they may utilize different mechanisms because of different performance in absorption of elements. The increased P and K accumulation and the balance of ion concentrations might be due to the enhanced tolerance of EMF-inoculated plants to saline conditions. 相似文献
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以接种褐环乳牛肝菌和未接种的马尾松幼苗为试验材料,采用水培法研究不同浓度铝(Al^3+)处理(0、0.2、0.4、0.8和1.2 mmol·L^-1)对菌根化和非菌根化马尾松幼苗生长、营养元素吸收的影响,揭示菌根化马尾松苗木对Al^3+的适应机制,为减轻马尾松苗木铝毒害现象提供理论和技术依据。结果表明,在相同浓度Al^3+胁迫下,接种褐环乳牛肝菌的马尾松幼苗苗高、生物量、根系形态以及对氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)的吸收能力均优于不接种的马尾松苗。马尾松幼苗苗高、干物质量积累以及根系生长随着Al^3+浓度的增大均呈现先升后降再升的趋势,随着Al^3+浓度的逐渐增大,马尾松幼苗根、茎、叶中的N、P、K含量呈现出低促高抑的趋势,根、茎、叶中Al^3+含量的分配为根>茎>叶。Al^3+胁迫下,接种褐环乳牛肝菌的马尾松幼苗,通过改变马尾松幼苗根系结构,促进了幼苗的生长,特别是根系的生长,以及对N、P、K等营养元素的吸收,抑制了根系吸收Al^3+,提高了马尾松幼苗的耐铝能力。 相似文献
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非生物逆境中外生菌根对宿主植物抗逆性的增强作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
外生菌根是广泛存在于乔木树种根际的一种互惠共生体,具有增强植物抗逆能力的重要作用。文中系统总结分析了在典型非生物逆境胁迫（干旱、重金属、土壤盐碱化与酸化）下外生菌根对宿主植物抗逆性的影响,认为外生菌根能够有效增强宿主植物抵抗逆境胁迫的能力,其主要作用机理是物理屏障、改善植物营养健康状况、调节植物组织代谢和根际微环境并改善逆境环境、调节逆境功能蛋白表达;系统阐述了外生菌根在调节宿主植物抗逆性方面的研究成果、研究不足以及未来研究展望,以期为完善外生菌根在宿主植物抗逆性增强作用方面的研究和推动其在生态环境建设与经济生产中发挥优势作用提供参考。 相似文献
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To understand nutrient cycling in soils, soil processes and microorganisms need be better characterized. To determine whether specific trophic groups of fungi are associated with soil enzyme activity, we used soil imprinting to guide mm-scale sampling from microsites with high and low phosphatase activities in birch/Douglas-fir stands. Study 1 involved sampling one root window per site at 12 sites of different ages (stands); study 2 was conducted at one of the stem-exclusion stands, at which 5 root windows had been installed. Total fungal and ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungal terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) fingerprints differed between high-and low-phosphatase activity microsites at 8 of 12 root windows across 12 sites. Where differences were detected, fewer EM fungi were detected in high-than low-phosphatase activity microsites. Using 5 root windows at one site, next-generation sequencing detected similar fungal communities across microsites, but the ratio of saprotrophic to EM fungal reads was higher in high-phosphatase activity microsites in the two windows that had low EM fungal richness. In windows with differences in fungal communities, both studies indicated that EM fungi were less successful than saprotrophic fungi in colonizing fine-scale, organic matter-rich microsites. Fine-scale sampling linked with in situ detection of enzyme activity revealed relationships between soil fungal communities and phosphatase activity that could not be observed at the scales employed by conventional approaches, thereby contributing to the understanding of fine-scale phosphorus cycling in forest soils. 相似文献
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本文研究了Boletus griseus Frost.(灰盖牛肝菌),Boletus sp.和Suillus grevillei (Klotz.) Sing. (厚环乳牛肝菌)3株菌根菌在纯培养条件下对温度、pH、盐浓度和水势等4个因子的生态适应性以及同油松和湿地松纯培养合成菌根的能力。结果表明,pH和盐浓度对菌根菌生长的影响比较小,而温度和水势则对真菌的生长具有很大的影响。其中B.sp.与S.grevillei具有很强的生态适应能力,而B.griseus则稍差。此外,结果还表明PEG4000可能会促进菌根菌在液体培养中的生长。在菌根纯培养合成研究中,共形成5种菌根,其中油松-B.griseus属新发现的外生菌根。5种菌根中,以油松-S.grevillei和湿地松-B.griseus较为理想。 相似文献