杨、桦林抚育改造技术研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张怡春 《吉林林业科技》2005,34(6):36-39

通过对黑龙江省东部山区10个林业局、427块标准地、1712株解析木的调查研究，得到了杨、桦林的树高、胸径和材积生长曲线，并编制了杨、桦林的抚育间伐控制图。  相似文献   

落桦混交林幼龄期Ⅰ级木分布规律研究     

刘群舫  刘国英  徐士瑞 《河北林果研究》1996,(1)

利用３６块落叶松一样树混交林标准地调查资料，研究其幼龄期林分Ⅰ级木单位面积株数与林分密度之间的关系，结果表明：Ⅰ级木的株数并非随密度的增加而直线递增，而是趋向“二阶常数”分布，且在同一年龄阶段，在较低的密度范围（２３２５～４８００株／ｈｍ２）或较高的密度范围（４８０１～６７５０株／ｈｍ２）．Ⅰ级木的株数变动幅度不太大。  相似文献   

基于SHPB试验的桦木压缩动力学特性     

许威  花军  张绍群  陈光伟 《林业科学》2015,(5)

【目的】利用木材动态压缩加载试验研究热磨机研磨解离破碎阶段木材原料受动态压缩载荷的动力学特性，并研究应变率、加载方向对木材原料动力学特性的影响，旨在深化木材原料研磨解离机制的研究，为热磨法纤维分离设备及磨片的齿形结构优化设计提供理论指导。【方法】利用 Hopkinson 杆试验装置对含水率为12.65%、密度为0.50 g·cm －3的桦木试件进行应变率约为400，800，1200 s －1，加载方向为径向、弦向和轴向的动态压缩试验，获得桦木在不同应变率及方向上动态压缩加载的解离特征、动态应力－应变曲线及相应的力学特性。【结果】对比分析各组试验后试件的破坏形态发现：1)当应变率约为400 s －1时，径向、弦向和轴向加载的试件主要发生塑性变形；2)当应变率约为800 s －1时，径向加载试件被解离成几大块，并且有一些“火柴棍”状的小试件从大试件上剥离；弦向加载试件沿加载方向上产生更大的塑性变形，并且在试件上、下两端处沿加载方向产生贯穿性裂纹，试件被解离成三大块；轴向加载试件受载面边缘处的纤维大量产生压溃现象，在加载面上产生贯穿性裂纹且有片状小试件从大试件上剥离；3)当应变率约为1200 s －1时，径向加载试件被解离成大量“火柴棍”状的小试件，并且小试件的尺寸明显小于应变率为800 s －1时；弦向加载试件沿加载方向上产生的塑性变形与应变率为800 s －1时相当，但是试件上端处被解离成许多片状的小试件，并且沿加载方向试件上产生了数条贯穿整个试件的大裂纹；轴向加载试件被解离成大量短粗状的小试件，并且小试件上带有明显的褶皱。对比分析各组试验试件的应力－应变曲线发现：1)动态压缩加载条件下桦木的应力－应变曲线可以由屈服点应变分为弹性阶段和屈服后弱线性强化阶段2部分；2)桦木沿径向加载应变率约为400，800，1200 s －1时，其屈服强度和韧性模量分别为4.56，10.49，14.22 MPa 和2.88，8.32，20.70 kJ·cm －3，应变率从400 s －1增加到1200 s －1时，屈服强度和韧性模量分别增加了2.11和6.19倍；3)桦木沿弦向加载应变率约为400，800，1200 s －1时，其屈服强度和韧性模量分别为5.87，7.90，9.65 MPa 和2.53，7.41，12.92 kJ·cm －3，应变率从400 s －1增加到1200 s －1时，其屈服强度和韧性模量分别增加了0.64和4.10倍；4)桦木沿轴向加载应变率约为400，800，1200 s －1时，其屈服强度分别为22.90，71.41，96.37 MPa 和18.79，67.74，114.32 kJ·cm －3，应变率从400 s －1增加到1200 s －1时，其屈服强度和韧性模量分别增加了3.21和5.08倍。【结论】随着应变率的增加，桦木的解离程度加大，径向加载最易解离，轴向加载最难解离；桦木的动态压缩屈服强度、动态压缩韧性模量具有很强的应变率敏感性，是一种应变率敏感材料。  相似文献   

Effect of Temperature on the Induction of Bud Dormancy in Ecotypes of Betula pubescens and Betula pendula     

《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):208-217

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of temperature applied during short day-induced budset on induction of dormancy in six ecotypes of Betula pubescens Ehrh. and two ecotypes of Betula pendula Roth. Seedlings were grown in a phytotron at constant temperatures of 9–21°C under a 12 h photoperiod (SD) during dormancy induction. Induction of dormancy was monitored by following bud flushing and shoot growth after transfer to long photoperiod conditions (24 h) at 18°C. Chilling requirement was studied in seedlings exposed to 10 weeks of SD. In both species induction of bud dormancy developed most rapidly at 15–18°C, and both 9–12°C and 21°C delayed the induction of dormancy. Raising the temperature (from 9 to 21°C) applied during induction of dormancy significantly increased the chilling requirement. These responses were noted for all ecotypes tested, but in general the northern ecotypes entered dormancy more quickly than the southern ones. No such trend was recorded for chilling requirement, although a B. pubescens ecotype from Iceland and another from the coast of northern Norway appeared to require a longer chilling treatment than the other ecotypes. In conclusion, induction and depth of bud dormancy in birch are significantly affected by temperature conditions and these effects may explain some of the annual variation in dormancy and chilling requirement observed in nature.  相似文献   

Development of stump suckers by betula pubescens at different light intensities     

《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1-4):77-83

Young trees (4–5 year old) of Betula pubescens Ehrh. growing in a stand in the middle of Sweden (lat. 60°15'N) were cut in early June to stump heights of 0 and 10 cm. The birch stumps were exposed to different relative light intensities (100, 50, 25 and 10%) for 100 days until mid September. Five stumps per treatment were used in a randomized complete block with seven blocks on mesic dwarf‐shrub type with low herbs and three blocks on moist dwarf‐shrub type. The number of sprouting stumps was correlated with relative light intensity and forest type. 2.5 % of the stumps of mesic and 14 % of moist forest type did not produce suckers. On mesic forest type, 7% of the stumps exposed to 10% light did not sprout compared with 1.4, 3.0 and 0% at 25, 50 and 100% light, respectively. At stump height 0 cm fewer sprouting stumps were produced than at 10 cm. The mean height of suckers was significantly lower at 10% light intensity than at other levels. The number of suckers per sprouting stump was not related to light intensity but to forest type. More suckers were produced on mesic than on moist forest type. The dry weight of suckers was significantly lower at 10 and 25% relative light intensity than at 50 and 100%. On moist forest type, the dry weight of suckers was lower than on mesic forest type.  相似文献   

甘肃南部白桦栽培技术     

吕志鹏 《青海农林科技》2012,(2):67-69

从白桦的生物学特性、经济价值、栽培技术等方面介绍了白桦的特性及栽培技术,对白桦的大面积栽植具有指导意义。  相似文献   

白桦林“维他”机制研究(13)——边缘效应与增产机制和多样性的关系     

包青 《河北林果研究》1997,(3)

分别在白桦幼林、中龄林和成熟林的林缘和林内设置样地２０块、样方１６０个，研究边缘效应与增产机制和多样性的关系。结果表明：①边缘效应可使白桦林树高增产１９％～４１％，胸径增产８％～１１％；其中，幼林高效应４．４８，径效应１．０７，中龄林高效应２．８１，径效应－１．１８，成林高效应１．１１，径效应－０．１９。②边缘效应表现显著的树种有红松、白桦、山杨和黑桦。③边缘效应可增加植物多样性１．３～１．６倍。④通过定义容他量和容他面积，说明了白桦林从幼龄到成龄是一个由自稳态经扩大领域态到自解体态的过程；其中处于扩大领域态的白桦中龄林的容乔量为０．２种／ｍ２、容灌量为０．２种／ｍ２、容草量为０．９种／ｍ２、容红量为０．２７株／ｍ２。  相似文献   

APPROACHES DETERMINING EVAPOTRANSPIRATION OF A NATURAL SECONDARY WHITE BIRCH FOREST     

任青山 《林业研究》1994,5(1):18-22

Concernedintl1eresearchonforestevapotranspiration(ET)-thereweren1an}:resultsaboutn1easure111ent-detern1iningmethods-andexperimentalandmathematical111ode1sbefore.Duringl92o's,RussianlIRaIIoBandGermanHubenrespecti\!cl};proposedtheFieldInstantWeighing111ethod'inwhichthebranchesortxvigsofplantsxverecutdownandweighed.Duringl93O's'JapaneseYrefdetlt[15usedakindofevaporatingapparatusn1adeofpapertosimulatethetranspirationofleaves.Duringl95o's,waterbalanceandheatbalancemethodstvereextensivelyusedb…  相似文献   

小径木白桦锯材不同加热方式下含水率的变化     

郭明辉  赵西平 《林业科学》2006,42(3):54-58

讨论小径木白桦锯材在连续加热和间歇加热方式下含水率的变化规律.结果表明:小径木白桦锯材的干燥速率在含水率15%以后明显降低,前期干燥过程锯材的干燥速率比后期的高2～3倍;间歇加热方式有利于内部水分向外扩散,间歇时间对干燥速率的影响很小;干燥过程中锯材厚度方向上的含水率梯度呈不对称分布,这与小径木的心材占较大比例有一定关系;间歇加热减少了锯材内含水率梯度的变化值,同时减少了应力的产生,从而提高了干燥质量.  相似文献   

杨桦纸浆用材天然林营林措施的研究     

兰士波 《林业科技开发》2006,20(2):12-16

采用固定标准地定位观测和临时标准地调查点面结合的方法，经研究天然杨桦林林分经营密度。对杨桦林各径级株数分布以厦胸径与小头直径相关关系的综合分析，得出林分平均胸径和平均树高的生长进程规律厦林分最佳经营密度模型，提出了天然扬桦纸浆材用材林定向培育的技术措施。结果表明：采用该项技术，山扬林和白桦林林分单位面积生长量分别可提高14.0％和8.90％。  相似文献