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远缘杂交目前仍是将中国蔷薇资源的优良基因引入现代月季的最有效手段,而胚败育是得到远缘杂交后代的瓶颈问题。为此,本试验中采取幼果期、青果期、成熟期的果实分别进行不同预处理及解剖观察,探索月季胚珠发育的特点,为胚挽救的实施提供理论依据。在研究过程中发现了月季单心皮中存在2个胚珠的现象。此现象在多个月季品种花后15天内的幼果中普遍存在,此阶段的2个胚珠发育情况相同;花后30～60天的青果中,也观察到了双胚珠现象的存在,但比率明显降低,而且其中只有一个胚珠正常发育,另一个处于败育状态。同时还发现,经过低温沙藏的有的成熟瘦果中2粒种子同时萌发,说明同一个子房中的2个胚珠在适宜条件下可能同时发育并正常萌发。 相似文献
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芥菜型油菜中存在天然的多室性状。与普通二室油菜相比,多室油菜因多果室(3～5个腔室)、多粒特征,具有高产潜力,为了揭示多室性状的形成过程,本研究以青海芥菜型多室油菜和塔油2号(芥菜型二室油菜)双亲、BC3F5群体中纯合的二室和多室单株为材料,通过石蜡切片结合扫描电镜观察,比较分析表明,青海芥菜型多室油菜自出苗开始,约22 d左右,平均叶片数为5时,开始花芽分化且经历5个时期;多室茎顶端分生组织(SAM)和花顶端分生组织(FM)伸长膨大,直径较二室大;随心皮分化,多室花顶端向内凹陷成"X"状的四心皮区域,而二室花芽中心生长锥向内凹陷成"I"状,形成二心皮的对半区域,该凹陷分裂影响心皮数目,并决定了子房中籽粒的排列数目;柱头顶端也形成"I"及"X"状凹陷,可作为一种指标用以早期区分多室及二室性状。 相似文献
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Variation in seed yield components of buffalo gourd (Cucurbita foetidissima HBK.) grown as an annual
J. C. Scheerens T. L. McGriff A. E. Ralowicz M. H. Wilkins J. M. Nelson 《Euphytica》1989,40(1-2):55-62
Summary Phenotypic variation for parameters of seed yield were examined in 57 buffalo gourd (Cucurbita foetidissima HBK.) plants cultivated as annuals. Among the 52 individuals which bore fruit, seed weight/plant was highly variable (cv=106%); the majority of plants exhibited seed yields below that of the mean (431 g/plant). Values of seed weight/plant were more highly influenced by fruit/plant (r=+0.81) than by seed weight/fruit (r=+0.19). Variation in fruit/plant % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGak0dh9WrFfpC0xh9vqqj-hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0-OqFf% ea0dXdd9vqaq-JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar-Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0-vr% 0-vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaiaacIcaceWG4b% GbaebacqGH9aqpcaaIYaGaaGimaiaaicdacaqGNbGaae4oaiaabcca% caqGJbGaaeODaiaabccacaqG9aGaaeiiaiaabodacaqG3aGaaeyjai% aabMcaaaa!454B!\[(\bar x = 56; cv = 115\% )\] was greater than that displayed for seed weight/fruit and their distribution was also highly skewed. High fruit yields were associated with the duration (in nodes) of the fruiting period (r=+0.64).Values for seed weight/fruit were also highly divergent % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGak0dh9WrFfpC0xh9vqqj-hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0-OqFf% ea0dXdd9vqaq-JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar-Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9vr0-vr% 0-vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaadaqaaqaaaOqaaiaacIcaceWG4b% GbaebacqGH9aqpcaaIYaGaaGimaiaaicdacaqGNbGaae4oaiaabcca% caqGJbGaaeODaiaabccacaqG9aGaaeiiaiaabodacaqG3aGaaeyjai% aabMcaaaa!454B!\[(\bar x = 200{\text{g; cv = 37\% )}}\], but considerably less variable than those for fruit/plant or seed weight/plant. A weak relationship existed between fruit/plant and seed weight/fruit (r=–0.28), suggesting the possibility of their simultaneous improvement through selection. Seed weight/fruit was positively associated with fruit size, seed/fruit and 100-seed weight; 4 carpellate fruit displayed significantly greater seed weight/fruit and seed/fruit than 3 carpellate fruit.Journal Paper No. 4219 of the University of Arizona Agric. Expt. Sta., Tucson, AZ 85721, U.S.A. 相似文献
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Gregory L. Loberg Richard Shibles D. E. Green J. J. Hanway 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(9):1311-1327
Abstract Mobilization of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium from leaf and carpel tissue during seed growth was estimated for 18 diverse, field‐grown soybean lines and cultivars during two years. The objective was to determine whether lines differed in nutrient mobilization and, if so, whether such differences were related to yielding ability. Lines differed in nutrient concentration and tissue mass and in nutrient content, both at beginning of seed growth and at plant maturity. Mobilization from leaves and carpels potentially supplied up to 47, 23, and 29% of seed N, P, and K. Leaves were three to four times more important than carpels as sources of seed N and K and nearly twice as important as sources of P. Only mobilized leaf N exhibited a relationship with seed yield (r = 0.73?? in 1978 and 0.43? in 1979). Leaf N mobilization was not heritable (correlation between years for line means was 0.09) in our environment, but might be more so under N‐stress conditions. The major determinant of mobilizable N was leaf mass at beginning of seed growth. 相似文献
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2014—2016年对63个芍药品种及野生原种进行形态特征调查,选定叶缘、花器管中心皮的形态特征作为品种分类的关键性状,结合花型、花色制作芍药品种分类检索表,以期为芍药品种鉴定、应用及新品种选育提供有价值的参考依据。调查供试品种的花期、平均株高、叶片被毛、花态、花茎硬度、每茎最多开花量、花型、花色、心皮被毛、柱头与子房壁的颜色。以叶缘具齿及心皮被毛与否确定品种种源,结合花型、花色进行分类检索。用XTL-850P研究型体视显微镜,观察每个品种的叶缘、心皮被毛、子房及柱头颜色并拍照;花器官颜色的测定采用第6版英国皇家园艺协会比色卡(RHSCC)进行。调查显示：63个品种加原种的叶缘,均带有白色透明骨质细齿,鉴定为芍药(Paeonia lactiflora)种下的栽培品种;其中26个品种心皮光滑无毛,划分为芍药原种品种群;35个品种心皮被毛,划分为毛果芍药品种群;2个品种心皮瓣化无子房无法细分,确定划分为心皮瓣化芍药品种群;结合花型、花色、柱头与子房壁的色型,编制品种的分类检索表;芍药的花期随不同年份、不同地区的气候会有差异,但品种对应的早、中、晚花期的顺序无变化。供试芍药品种种源细分芍药原种品种群、毛果芍药品种群及心皮瓣化芍药品种群;心皮特征是鉴别芍药种下相似品种的关键性状,结合花型、花色、柱头与子房壁的色型编制的分类检索表方便芍药品种的辨识,对芍药品种分类、园林应用和新品种的审定等方面具有一定的参考价值。后期将扩大芍药品种数量规模,对中国芍药品种种源做全面系统的分析认证。 相似文献
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国内外重要的植物分类学与系统学文献均认为:木犀科和属(白蜡树属)植物只有2心皮的子房和果实。目前仅有2篇文献认为木犀科和属植物还具有3或3和4心皮的子房。作者在对属植物的果实进行研究时,发现属植物果实具有2心皮、3心皮、4心皮和6心皮4种类型,首次发现了属植物具有6心皮的果实。这一发现具有一定的系统学意义。 相似文献
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【目的】汇总国内外心皮起源、作用和发育过程、遗传及激素调节、控制心皮发育的相关基因等研究结果,为作物多心皮品种改良提供参考。【方法】收集国内外文献资料,汇总、整理分析。【结果】心皮的起源目前有心皮学说和生殖叶学说两种学说;心皮具有保护胚珠、接受花粉致使卵细胞受精、保护和传播种子的作用;其发育过程通常在花的器官中经过折叠、卷曲形成内在的空间,胚珠被包裹在其中发育;心皮数目的遗传较为稳定,激素对其生长发育有重要影响;基因在调控心皮数量和发育方面具有重要作用。【结论】心皮作为被子植物雌蕊发育的关键,对于产量性状的建成极为重要。心皮研究应重点围绕心皮发育的全过程,尽早明晰调控心皮数量和发育的相关功能基因,通过基因改良培育出多心皮、高产优质品种。 相似文献
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甘蓝型油菜无花瓣品系雄蕊雌化不育系的发现和遗传研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
1998年在自选的甘蓝型无花瓣油菜株系中发现了一种突变不育株,进而育成无花瓣油菜突变不育系(简称AMS).经连续4年研究,结果表明:该雄性不育系不育性彻底,是一种雄性器官雌性化而引起的新的不育现象,其植株形态特征与无花瓣相同.用来自国内外不同品种(系)和胞质雄性不育系的保持系、恢复系及杂种F1共549份材料配制了779个杂交组合,全部恢复育性.2002和2003年收获的100个杂交组合有29份较对照(秦优7号杂交种)增产5.7%～23.5%,达显著水平.该突变不育株与可育株测交,后代不育和可育符合1:1的遗传分离模式,经对AMS测交、杂种自交,表明不育性很可能由4对隐性基因控制. 相似文献
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Although individual grain weight is an important source of variation forgrain yield, there is still poor understanding of the causes determining finalgrain weight. Almost all studies conducted for understanding thedeterminants of grain weight have been focused on the post-anthesis period.However, there is important evidence that pre-anthesis conditions couldalso modify final grain weight. Three experiments including different sowingdates, genotypes and temperature regimes between booting and anthesis,were carried out in Argentina and Mexico to analyse the effect oftemperature and associated traits during the pre- and post-anthesis periodson grain weight under field conditions. In these experiments final grainweight could not be explained by average or maximum temperature duringthe post-anthesis period. However, average temperature between bootingand anthesis was closely related to the observed grain weight differences,probably as a consequence of the effects of this factor on carpel growth.Differences in grain weight between genotypes and grain position weresuccessfully explained by differences in carpel weight at anthesis. Theseresults suggest that our knowledge to determine grain weight could improveif the immediately pre-anthesis period conditions were taken into account. 相似文献