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煤矸石山立地条件与林业复垦研究——以山西统配煤矿为例 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
煤矸石是我国工业排弃数量最大的固体废弃物，它带来的危害是压占土地、破坏景观、污染环境。山西省作为能源重化工基地，煤矸石的堆积、污染问题尤为突出，改造任务异常艰巨。研究结果表明：煤矸石成山状堆积，仅表层１０ｃｍ左右有物理风化，下层很难风化；煤矸石山可蓄一定的水分，但地表高温，养分贫瘠，特别是自燃后的矸石强酸高盐，给植被恢复带来了极大的困难；大量煤矸石山的基本出路是进行林业复垦。其适用技术体系包括：①做好水保工程，保留地表黑色风化层；②引入先锋草种、树种；③薄盖土后直播；④加强施肥、病虫害防治等管理。 相似文献
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以抚顺矿区碳质页岩风化物区域的复垦土壤为例,对不同年限不同深度的复垦土壤进行分析,揭示了抚顺矿区复垦土壤养分的时空演变规律。结果表明,随着复垦年限的增加,矿山土壤pH值逐年降低,其变化范围在6.47~7.80;全氮、有效磷、碱解氮等呈现逐年增加的趋势,尤其以0~10 cm土层内增长幅度明显;随着深度增加,pH值、全氮、有效磷、氮等逐渐降低。矿山土壤中由于排弃物中含有含碳矿物和少量煤块的原因导致总有机碳含量较高;矿山土壤中有机碳随着复垦年限的增加及自然、人为活动影响,碳黑、颗粒状碳趋向于减少,而易氧化碳的数量增加。 相似文献
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抚顺矿区不同复垦年限土壤的养分及有机碳特性研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以素有煤都之称抚顺矿区复垦土壤为例,对不同年限不同深度的土壤进行分析,揭示了抚顺煤矿区土壤养分的时空演变规律。结果表明,随着复垦年限的增加,与未曾复垦的矸石相比,矿山复垦土壤pH值逐年降低,pH值的变化范围在9.95~6.58之间,其最大值出现在未曾复垦的矸石,最小值出现在复垦60年的土壤中,其pH值已经达到适合植物生长的范围;全氮、有效磷、碱解氮等呈现逐年增加的趋势,土壤中钾含量较高,可以满足植被生长所需,矿山复垦土壤中由于排弃的矸石中含有一些含碳矿物和少量煤块的原因导致总有机碳含量较高;随着土层深度增加,pH值逐渐升高,全氮、有效磷、碱解氮等逐渐降低。短时间的矿区复垦土壤需要使用相应的肥料保证植物的正常生长。矿山复垦土壤中有机碳随着复垦年限的增加及自然、人为活动影响,碳黑、颗粒状碳趋向于减少,而易氧化碳的数量增加。 相似文献
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藤本植物在煤矸石山绿化中的应用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
煤矸石山不仅侵占大量土地,污染环境,而且严重破坏生态景观,煤矸石山的绿化势在必行。选择藤本作为先锋植物绿化煤矸石山具有多种优势,但必须坚持适应性、生态性、节水性和经济性的原则。最后列举了常用先锋藤本植物种类。 相似文献
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Long-term studies are essential to learn earthworm community development and soil formation post reclamation. Investigations were undertaken at a former steelworks site at Hallside, near Glasgow, UK, reclaimed in the 1990s using a mixture of colliery spoil and sewage sludge. The site was largely planted for production of short rotation coppice willow (Salix spp.). Earthworm inoculation formed a part of the restoration process. Minimal monitoring occurred in the interim, but some records of earthworm sampling existed in 2000 and 2005. This study focused on monitoring earthworms and soil properties across the site, drawing comparisons with adjacent unspoiled soil. Results showed that after 22 years, a species-rich community of earthworms (n=16) colonized the site, with endogeic Aporrectodea caliginosa being dominant by number and anecic A. longa by mass. Across the site, earthworm community density and biomass were 208 individuals m-2 and 71 g m-2, respectively. The Shannon diversity index for earthworms was 1.89, with an evenness of 0.68. The sewage sludge increased the soil organic matter, but the stone content of the colliery spoil prevented digging in some locations. Soil chemistry had no negative effect on earthworms, but the compacted substrate did hinder water infiltration. Earthworms colonized the reclaimed site from adjacent areas, and community structure and density below well-drained, scrub-free willow, birch, and grassland were not significantly different (P>0.05) from those of the adjacent unspoiled areas. The results show that the historical earthworm inoculation was unnecessary and badly timed. Future reclamations of similar sites can learn from this investigation. 相似文献
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