哈茨木霉菌 (Trichoderma harzianum)和终极腐霉菌 (Pythium ultimum)对玉米蛋白质组的影响(I)(英文)     

《植物病理学报》2004,(4)

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哈茨木霉对水稻恶苗病菌的拮抗作用   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11       下载免费PDF全文

产祝龙  丁克坚  檀根甲  苏贤岩  朱圣杰  陈琪 《植物保护》2003,29(3):35-39

PDA平板拮抗试验表明 ,哈茨木霉对水稻恶苗病菌有强烈的拮抗作用 ,其孢子悬浮液的含孢量为 10⁶～10⁷个 /mL时 ,对恶苗病菌的抑制力达 92.33%。通过哈茨木霉菌液和 3种药剂对水稻恶苗病菌抑制效果的比较 ,哈茨木霉孢子悬浮液含孢量为 10⁷个 /mL与施保克质量浓度 1μg/mL的抑菌效果接近 ,分别为 76.7%、75.4%。显微摄影结果显示 ,哈茨木霉以附着胞附着在恶苗病菌菌丝上 ,然后穿透菌丝在其内生长 ,或与恶苗病菌的菌丝平行生长 ,然后再侵入病菌内寄生。  相似文献   

哈茨木霉几丁质酶诱导及其对水稻纹枯病菌的拮抗作用   总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17  

柳良好  徐同 《植物病理学报》2003,33(4):359-363

 在实验室条件下分别以几丁质和水稻纹枯病菌(Rhizoctonia solani)细胞壁作唯一碳源诱导哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum)菌株NF9、TC3和P1产生几丁质酶,用硫酸铵沉淀法制备几丁质酶粗提液。上述木霉菌株内切几丁质酶活性(对胶体几丁质浑浊度的减少率)分别为79.8%、74.4%和76.0%,均显著高于非诱导的阳性对照。培养第5 d几丁质诱导的木霉菌株NF9和TC3内切几丁质酶活性显著高于由水稻纹枯病菌细胞壁诱导的酶活性。体外测定表明,通过诱导的木霉菌株TC3、NF9和P1几丁质酶粗提液对水稻纹枯病病菌的拮抗圈直径可达38、21和23 mm,与非诱导的阳性对照比较有显著性差异。对木霉几丁质酶拮抗作用的特点及生防应用进行了讨论。  相似文献   

紫外光诱导哈茨木霉产生对多菌灵抗药性的菌株   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

田连生 《农业环境科学学报》2007,26(1):318-321

在含多菌灵药物培养基上，采用紫外光重复诱导处理的方法，对拮抗性哈茨木霉T24进行改良，选育出对多菌灵具有显著耐药性的菌株T24—4和T24—6。结果表明，多菌灵浓度为300mg·L^-1时，对突变菌株T24—4和T24—6的抑制率分别为9．4％和3．0％。同时两菌株对速克灵和甲基托布津也有交互抗性。经过菌和药协同作用研究发现：木霉菌T24—6菌剂与多菌灵重量配比为8：2时，协同抑菌率高达85．0％，明显高于分别单独使用T24—6和多菌灵的抑菌率（70．3％和69．6％）。分别用菌和药，药，菌1000倍稀释液进行草莓活体拮抗性测定，其对草莓灰霉病的防治效果分别为83．9％、67．9％和64．2％，进一步表明菌和药协同作用效果优势更明显。在使用木霉T24—6菌剂防治农作物病害时，添加少量的多菌灵，可降低植物病原菌的活性和侵染力，从而提高生防效果。  相似文献   

Evaluation of Microbial Antagonists for Biological Control of Botrytis cinerea Stem Infection in Cucumber and Tomato   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

A.J. Dik  G. Koning  J. Köhl 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1999,105(2):115-122

Of fifteen isolates of yeasts, filamentous fungi and bacteria and a commercial product, tested in a bioassay with stem segments, eleven isolates consistently reduced incidence of disease and sporulation of Botrytis cinerea Pers; Fr in tomato and seven isolates in cucumber. Several isolates reduced disease by more than 75% in all experiments. Six antagonists that performed well in the bioassays and that were fairly easy to produce in vitro, were selected for further testing in two glasshouse experiments with cucumbers. After application of spores of B. cinerea and the antagonists or the fungicide tolylfluanid to pruning wounds, disease incidence was reduced by 50–100% by all antagonists in both experiments and only in one experiment by tolylfluanid.For Trichoderma harzianum T39, Aureobasidium pullulans and Cryptococcus albidus, biological control efficacy in bioassays with cucumber stem segments was not strongly influenced by temperatures in the range between 18 and 30°C, but at 24°C the efficacy of the three antagonists strongly decreased at relative humidities of 90% and 80% (vapour pressure deficits 0.299 and 0.598kPa, respectively) compared to 100.  相似文献   

哈茨木霉天冬氨酸蛋白酶基因SA76的3＇RACE扩增和序列分析     

刘燕  杨谦 《林业研究》2007,18(2):139-143

由EST获得全长cDNA对于结构基因组学和功能基因组学都是至关重要的,cDNA末端快速扩增技术RACE是该领域中的重要研究方法.利用BD SMART RACE技术扩增编码分泌天冬氨酸蛋白酶SA76基因的3＇末端,将其与哈茨木霉cDNA文库中的SA76基因的EST序列进行序列拼接,获得2019bp的全长cDNA序列,其开放读码框长1593bp,5＇非编码区266bp,3＇非编码区201bp,编码530个氨基酸,有信号肽.哈茨木霉天冬氨酸蛋白酶基因与玉蜀黍赤霉、粗糙脉孢菌、球毛壳菌天冬氨酸蛋白酶基因的同源性分别为53%, 37%, 36%.利用BD SMART RACE技术首次从哈茨木霉中克隆天冬氨酸蛋白酶基因,为验证SA76基因的功能奠定基础,为进一步研究蛋白酶的作用机制及生物防治功能提供依据.  相似文献   

哈茨木霉诱导番茄叶片光合生理变化的研究     

陈双臣  姬德刚  李聪  刘爱荣  王洪涛  林晓民 《园艺学报》2014,41(3):489-497

 采用室内对峙培养筛选与田间防效比较相结合的方法,对哈茨木霉抑制番茄叶霉病菌的机 制进行了研究。对峙培养结果显示,5 个木霉菌菌株均覆盖或侵入了病原菌菌落,其中菌株TH16 和TH54 对病菌的抑制作用较强。田间防效试验表明,木霉菌TH16 和TH54 孢子悬浮液浓度在108 个 · mL-1 时防 效最好,分别为69.4%和60.0%。接种木霉后,番茄植株的净光合速率（Pn）、胞间CO2 浓度（Ci）、气孔 导度（Gs）、CO2 光饱和同化速率（Asat）、Rubisco 最大羧化（Vcmax）、RuBP 最大再生速率（Jmax）及Rubisco、 FBPase 活性均明显增加。而接种叶霉病菌导致光合速率下降的同时伴随着Vcmax 和Jmax 的下降。预接种木 霉菌能将叶霉病菌导致的Pn、Asat、Vcmax、Jmax 抑制消除并恢复到对照水平。接种木霉能显著增加光合相 关基因的表达量,FBPase、FBPA、SBPase 和TPI 分别较对照增加了6.53 倍、3.51 倍、5.17 倍和7.81 倍。 研究结果表明木霉菌通过激活与光合相关酶活性及基因表达缓解了叶霉菌对番茄光合生理的抑制作用。  相似文献   

Vineyard Compost Supplemented with Trichoderma Harzianum T78 Improve Saline Soil Quality     

《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2017,28(3):1028-1037

Understanding soil degradation is especially important in the Mediterranean Region where desertification is a serious problem, and soil salinization is one of the causes. Salinity reduces soil quality, limits crop productivity and brings on long term soil degradation. Therefore the restoration of degraded soils is necessary to reduce land degradation, improve soil fertility and achieve a sustainable food production. The addition of compost supplemented with the beneficial microorganism Trichoderma harzianum isolate T78 to saline soils (NaCl) was studied to determine the impact on soil microbiology, which is the key to restore and rehabilitate degraded soils. The selected Trichoderma harzianum isolate T78 showed high salt tolerance despite the low osmotolerance of the genus Trichoderma . Increasing salt concentration reduced Trichoderma sp colony‐forming units (CFU) from natural soil and adversely affected soil microbial biomass C as well as dehydrogenase, β‐glucosidase, phosphatase and urease activities. Simultaneous amendment of the saline soil with compost and inoculation with T. harzianum T78 improved the soil microbiological quality; the number of T. harzianum T78 CFU did not decrease as NaCl increased. As T. harzianum strain T78 is salt tolerant, increasing the relative abundance of this specific strain would contribute to the rehabilitation of saline soils. Vineyard composts supplemented with T. harzianum T78 represent a promising approach for the treatment and improvement of saline soil properties. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

木霉菌对抑制梨轮纹菌的生理特性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘招龙  张绍铃  孙益林  乔勇进 《中国农学通报》2005,21(9):345-346,357

梨轮纹病菌被木霉菌感染后,多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性最终下降;丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧阴离子(O2-)产生速率上升。初步确定,梨轮纹病菌被木霉感染后,活性氧清除系统等被破坏,膜脂过氧化作用加强,是最终导致菌体受害的原因之一。  相似文献   

哈茨木霉对辣椒生长的影响   总被引：24，自引：0，他引：24  

刘云龙  何永宏  张旭东 《云南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2002,17(4):345-346

 在田间用哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum)制剂处理土壤,栽培辣椒,结果表明:哈茨木霉不但对辣椒疫霉（Phytophthora capsici）和尖镰孢（Fusarium oxysporum）引起的根腐病具有一定的防病作用,而且能促进植株生长,提前开花、挂果,提高产量15％左右。  相似文献