Synergism between potassium sorbate dips and brief exposure to high CO2 or O2 at curing temperature for the control of citrus postharvest green and blue molds     

《Crop Protection》2016

Synergistic effects and very effective control of citrus postharvest green and blue molds, caused by Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum, respectively, were observed on artificially inoculated ‘Valencia’ oranges and ‘Clemenules’ and ‘Ortanique’ mandarins after a potassium sorbate (PS) treatment was followed by 2 days of storage in atmospheres of elevated CO₂ or O₂ at a curing temperature. A combined treatment consisting of 60-s dips in aqueous solutions of 3% PS heated to 62 °C was followed by 48-h exposure to air, 15 kPa CO₂ or 30 kPa O₂ at 33 °C. Control treatment was a 60-s water dip at 20 °C followed by 24-h exposure to air at 20 °C. Synergism was observed on citrus fruit either incubated at 20 °C for up to 22 days, simulating direct commercialization, or stored at 5 °C for up to 45 days, simulating commercial cold storage. This research offers potential new tools to the citrus industry for implementation of nonpolluting integrated postharvest disease management programs, especially devoted to high added value organic markets or export markets with zero residue tolerance.  相似文献   

1-Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient (Kow) and pKa for Ionisable Pesticides Measured by apH-Metric Method     

Keith Chamberlain  Avis A. Evans  Richard H. Bromilow 《Pest management science》1996,47(3):265-271

pK_a values for a wide range of commonly used ionisable pesticides, together with the log K_ow values of the most lipophilic form of each, have been measured using pH-metric techniques. Examples of acids, bases and multiprotic compounds from the major classes of herbicides, and a number of insecticides and fungicides that contain ionisable groups, are included. The pK_a and log K_ow values so obtained were generally in good agreement with values taken from the literature that were measured by other methods. The lower limit of log K_ow that could be measured by the pH-metric method lay below the -0·97 obtained for amitrole, but the method could not be applied to glyphosate for which shake-flask measurements indicated log K_ow below -3. The highest log K_ow obtained in this study was 5·12 for pentachlorophenol. The pH-metric technique offers a rapid and convenient method to determine pK_a and log K_ow for ionisable compounds, especially when utilising an automatic titration system linked to a dedicated computer.  相似文献   

Role of basidiomycete fungi in the grapevine trunk disease esca     

A. A. Brown  D. P. Lawrence  K. Baumgartner 《Plant pathology》2020,69(2):205-220

Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and wood-rotting basidiomycete fungi, namely Fomitiporia spp., are known esca pathogens. However, the effect of their mixed infections and the sequence of infection on disease development is unclear. To determine the effects of single and co-inoculations on symptoms, potted Vitis vinifera ‘Crimson Seedless’ was inoculated with P. chlamydospora either alone or in combination with one of four basidiomycetes: Coprinellus radians, Fomitiporia langloisii, F. polymorpha and the novel species Tropicoporus texanus. Basidiomycetes were isolated from vines with foliar symptoms of esca in California and Texas. In sequential co-inoculations, the effects of different sequences of infection (P. chlamydospora first, basidiomycete 6 months later; and vice versa) were tested, compared to simultaneous co-inoculations. Plants inoculated with P. chlamydospora either alone or in combination with a basidiomycete (in any sequence) did not differ significantly in the length of black-streaking lesions. In plants inoculated only with a basidiomycete, the appearance of large brown lesions, coupled with the absence of this wood symptom from control plants, suggests that C. radians, F. langloisii and T. texanus are pathogenic. Foliar symptoms resembling those of esca in the field (marginal and/or interveinal scorching, combined with red and/or yellow discoloration) were statistically more frequent among plants inoculated with F. polymorpha or T. texanus, either simultaneously or following P. chlamydospora, compared to single inoculations. Sequential co-inoculations of a basidiomycete before or after P. chlamydospora were associated with similar lesion lengths, suggesting that basidiomycetes may not require infection by P. chlamydospora in order to extensively colonize the wood.  相似文献   

制动器耗散功率原理在ABS标定匹配中的应用     

孔磊  宋健 《农业机械学报》2009,40(9)

为解决ABS逻辑门限值方法匹配成本高、周期长的问题,将制动器耗散功率原理应用于匹配中.结合逻辑门限值与制动器耗散功率的各自优点,将制动器耗散功率原理能自适应识别各种路面状况的特点应用于匹配中;根据制动器耗散功率极大值对应的滑移率略小于临界滑移率且相差不大的原理,采用制动器耗散功率极大值对应的滑移率代替峰值附着系数对应的滑移率对ABS进行控制;滑移率与制动器耗散功率曲线获得较为简单,因此可以大大提高匹配效率.经过实车匹配验证,本方法提高了匹配效率和控制质量,节约了匹配成本.  相似文献   

植物残体的化学组成及土壤水分条件对新形成腐殖质组成和性质的影响     

骆洪义  文启孝 《山东农业大学学报(自然科学版)》1993,(4)

1.在相同的腐解条件下,不同物料腐解产物的 C/有机 N 比值和 HA/FA 因物料种类而异。2.与旱地条件下的相比,田菁、草木樨、紫云英在水田条件下腐解产物的 C/有机N 比值较宽,而稻草和绿萍的则相反。3.土壤水分条件和植物残体的化学组成对腐解产物的氮素形态分布没有明显影响。4.在其它条件相同时,与旱地条件下的相比,渍水条件下腐解产物的 HA/FA 大多较宽,而胡敏酸的光密度(E_4)值则较小。  相似文献   

GPS与船用计程仪及陀螺罗经的关系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

高音  陈铎 《大连水产学院学报》1998,13(4):28-31

ＧＰＳ的使用极大地方便了船舶驾驶,推动了航海仪器的发展。但它提供的某些信息是有局限性的,作者从ＧＰＳ、船用计程仪和船用陀螺罗经的原理,实验观测及航海驾驶的习惯来分析它们在航海中的使用,并讨论ＧＰＳ与船用计程仪及陀螺罗经之间的相互关系。  相似文献   

针对原木CT图像的一种中值滤波     

陈雷  戚大伟 《森林工程》2005,21(5):5-6

在对传统的中值滤波和原木CT图像的特点的研究基础上,发现单纯地用中值滤波算法或均值滤波难以同时尽可能地消除混合噪声。针对这一问题,提出了一种改进的自适应中值滤波算法。对于不同的图像区域,算子也相应地有所不同,其中算子中的权值选取依赖于区域的灰度中值,且当某点的灰度越接近灰度中值,其权值就相应地越大。实践证明,新算法的处理结果优于传统的滤波算法和均值滤波,具有准确性和实时性。  相似文献   

国外简易原木集材车     

教建宏  王建强  张晶  关洪波  王执煜 《林业机械与木工设备》2012,(7):53-55

介绍了一种国外简易轮式集材车的主要性能及技术参数,其对我国研究开发多种形式的集材设备有一定的借鉴作用。  相似文献   

不同腐烂程度毛竹蔸微生物变化规律     

李美群  艾文胜  杨明  孟勇  涂佳  蒲湘云  刘翔博 《林业科技开发》2014,(5)

研究不同腐烂程度毛竹蔸中的微生物菌群,结果发现细菌对数值最低为5.477,最高为7.380;真菌对数值最低为5.301,最高为6.903;放线菌对数值最低为5.740,最高为7.000;纤维素降解菌对数值最低为4.301,最高为6.477;木质素降解菌最低为4.415,最高为6.799。毛竹蔸腐烂过程中,前期各菌增长较快;中期细菌、真菌、放线菌对数值不断变化;后期菌对数值都较高;各菌之间存在着一定的协助和竞争。了解竹林砍伐前期的竹蔸腐烂规律,可为砍伐后的竹蔸降解提供参考,同时为竹蔸微生物在种级单位上的分离提供依据。  相似文献   

Postharvest quality response of strawberries with aloe vera coating during refrigerated storage     

T. A. A. Nasrin  M. A. Rahman  M. A. Hossain  M. N. Islam  M. S. Arfin 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2017,92(6):598-605

Strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) were coated either with chitosan (1, 1.5, and 2% solution, w/v) or aloe vera (AV) gel and the coatings were air dried. Coated strawberries were put in a polypropylene box and stored in refrigerator (6 ± 1°C and 50 ± 5% relative humidity. The success of coating in retaining the postharvest quality of the strawberries was evaluated by determining respiration rate, firmness, weight loss, external colour change, ascorbic acid content, total soluble solids, acidity, pH, microbial decay and sensory quality. The incidence of microbial rot started on day-6 in uncoated and 1% chitosan coated strawberries. Strawberries coated with 1.5 and 2% chitosan were affected by microbial decay on day-9 of storage. On the other hand, rot incidence was initiated in AV gel coated strawberries on day-15 of storage. Aloe vera gel or chitosan coating reduced respiration rate, weight loss, and microbial decay and preserved firmness, ascorbic acid content, and other quality parameters, thus delaying ripening and the progress of fruit decay due to senescence or microbial attack. Furthermore, AV gel delayed the changes in external colour and retained all other postharvest quality of strawberries compared to chitosan coated or uncoated ones throughout the storage.  相似文献