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1.
[目的]探究对枣实蝇有引诱作用的挥发性物质,研发基于行为调节的防治技术。[方法]采用Y型嗅觉仪测定了枣实蝇成虫对6种枣果挥发物的选择行为反应,并在室内试验的基础上进行田间引诱试验。[结果]室内试验结果显示,枣实蝇成虫对6种枣果挥发物具有显著正趋性。枣实蝇雌虫对棕榈酸乙酯、月桂酸乙酯、肉豆蔻酸的选择率较强,选择率均为30%以上;雄虫对亚油酸乙酯、油酸乙酯的选择率较强,选择率均为25%以上,从不同浓度梯度(原液、10%溶液、1%溶液)的选择率和选择系数来看,随浓度的递减,其选择率和选择系数也在递减,原液的选择率分别为10%溶液及1%溶液的2.5倍及5倍以上。田间试验发现:肉豆蔻酸对枣实蝇雌虫的诱集效果较强,2 d最多诱捕数量为15头·只^-1,平均诱捕数量为11.4头·只^-1,十四酸乙酯次之。在6种不同挥发物中油酸乙酯和亚油酸乙酯对枣实蝇雄虫的引诱效果较强。经单因素方差分析发现,在6种挥发性物质及混合物中,月桂酸乙酯及十四酸乙酯对枣实蝇雌雄虫的引诱效果之间存在显著性差异。其他挥发物之间无显著差异。[结论]枣果挥发物中棕榈酸乙酯、月桂酸乙酯、肉豆蔻酸与枣实蝇偏爱选择密切相关。在田间试验中:枣实蝇成虫对肉豆蔻酸的选择率较强,为研发枣实蝇引诱剂提供了理论依据。 相似文献
2.
The attraction ofTrichogramma platneri Nagarkatti (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) to eggs of two lepidopterous avocado pests,Boarmia sel-enaria (Schiffermüller) (Geometridae) andCryptoblabes gnidiella (Millière) (Phycitidae), was evaluated in olfactometer tests. The mobility of the wasp as measured by a mobility index was
0.6 for males and 1.8 for females; the males had a lower mobility and a lower search capacity index than the females. Frozen
and fresh youngB. selenaria eggs had the greatest attraction forT. platneri, which diminished with increasing age of the eggs. The eggs ofC. gnidiella were also attractive to the parasitoid.
Contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization. No. 2704-E, 1989 series. 相似文献
3.
锈色粒肩天牛Apriona swainsoni （Hope）是为害国槐Sophora japonica Linn.的主要蛀干害虫,花绒寄甲Dastarcus helophoroides （Fairmaire）是锈色粒肩天牛的重要天敌昆虫.为了明确花绒寄甲成虫如何寻找到锈色粒肩天牛所在的微栖境,本研究采用“Y”型嗅觉仪,分别测定了花绒寄甲成虫对锈色粒肩天牛幼虫虫粪、有幼虫虫道的国槐木质部、有幼虫虫道的国槐树皮等的行为反应.结果表明,花绒寄甲对锈色粒肩天牛幼虫虫粪和有虫道及邻近幼虫虫道的木质部均表现出正趋向反应,对有幼虫虫道的木质部和幼虫虫粪间的趋向反应差异不显著;而对天牛老熟幼虫、有虫道的树皮和未受害无虫道的木质部表现出一定的负趋向反应.研究结果表明天牛幼虫虫粪和有幼虫虫道的国槐木质部能够释放引诱天敌成虫的挥发性成分. 相似文献
4.
双斑萤叶甲成虫的取食选择性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为综合治理双斑萤叶甲的危害,拓展新的防治途径,对双斑萤叶甲成虫的取食选择性进行研究。试验中,采用四臂嗅觉仪测定和田间试验方法研究,结果表明,在6个玉米品种中,双斑萤叶甲成虫对垦粘1号的选择性强,对庆单4和四单19的选择性弱,在供试的2种植物中,对紫花苜蓿的选择性强。总体表现为双斑萤叶甲成虫对紫花苜蓿的选择性强,垦粘1号次之,庆单4和四单19弱。 相似文献
5.
黑绒金龟成虫虫体研磨物水悬液对其成虫的驱避作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黑绒金龟[Serica orientalis(Motschulsky)]是一种重要的多食性林木食叶害虫,严重影响苹果、核桃和卫矛等经济和绿化树种的经济和生态效益。为研究黑绒金龟成虫虫体研磨物水悬液对其成虫的驱避作用,探索经济有效、环境友好的黑绒金龟行为控制技术,利用Y-型嗅觉仪测定了黑绒金龟对4种不同寄主植物[卫矛Euonymus alatus(Thunb.)Sieb.、苹果Malus pumila Mill.、箭杆杨Populus nigra var.thevestina(Dode)Bean、白梨Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.]的趋性,以及不同寄主喷施其成虫虫体研磨物水悬液前后黑绒金龟的趋性差异。结果表明:雌、雄成虫对不同寄主的反应率,以及不同寄主对雌、雄成虫的诱引率和驱避率无显著差异(P0.05)。黑绒金龟对卫矛、苹果、箭杆杨和白梨均有极显著的正趋性(P0.01);对卫矛、苹果、白梨的趋性无显著差异(P0.05)。在4种寄主植物嫩枝叶上喷施黑绒金龟成虫虫体研磨物水悬液,以相应寄主嫩枝叶作为对照,比较对黑绒金龟的诱引率,发现黑绒金龟成虫虫体研磨物水悬液对黑绒金龟成虫有极显著的驱避作用(P0.01),黑绒金龟成虫的不反应率高于40%。研究结果可为害虫自身研磨物作为忌避剂应用于农、林业生产提供行为学依据。 相似文献
6.
苹毛丽金龟性信息素嗅觉行为与释放模式 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
苹毛丽金龟在我国很多地区是重要经济害虫。在实验室利用采集的两性及寄主挥发物测试雌雄行为反应,结果表明,苹毛丽金龟通讯行为受寄主植物和性信息素调控。添加了雌性挥发物的寄主植物挥发物,能增加对雄虫的吸引力。喂食与不喂食李子花对性信息素释放具有显著影响。气相色谱及行为学研究证实至少有一种物质作为性信息素存在于雌性挥发物中。光期开始后4~6小时,是雌性信息素释放的高峰期。 相似文献
7.
Lakmali Amarawardana Premaratne Bandara Vijaya Kumar Jan Pettersson Velemir Ninkovic 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(1):87-91
Abstract Odour-mediated effects of leek Allium porum and chives Allium schoenoprasum (Alliaceae) on the host searching behaviour of the aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae) were studied. In an olfactometer, odour of the host plant sweet pepper Capsicum annuum L. (Solanaceae) was significantly attractive, whereas odour of chives was significantly repellent. Combined odour of sweet pepper and chives was neither attractive nor repellent. When sweet pepper plants were exposed to volatiles from chives for five days, their odour subsequently became repellent to M. persicae. An extract of leek plants was significantly repellent to aphids in the olfactometer, as were sweet pepper plants sprayed with this extract. Because both leek and chives can disrupt host finding by the aphid, both plants have potential for intercropping with sweet pepper. If successful in the field, such a system could bring economic benefits for farmers in the wet zone of Sri Lanka and other parts of the world. 相似文献
8.
芒果壮铗普瘿蚊（Procontarinia robusta）是我国外来危险性入侵害虫,坚硬的瘿壳导致药剂防治困难。植食性昆虫主要通过触角接收植物挥发物选择寄主,本研究采用触角电位联用仪（EAG）和“Y”型嗅觉仪观察瘿蚊成虫对芒果叶片挥发物成分（α-蒎烯、3-莰烯、α-石竹烯、异松油烯、乙酸乙酯）的电生理反应和行为选择,结果显示：EAG反应值大小排序依次为α-蒎烯>3-莰烯>α-石竹烯>异松油烯>乙酸乙酯,α-蒎烯处理组显著高于其他挥发物。虽然雌虫对于α-蒎烯、3-莰烯、α-石竹烯3种物质的EAG反应值比雄虫的高,但是雌雄之间对同一挥发物差异不显著（P<0.05）。行为选择结果显示：对瘿蚊吸引率高低依次为：3-莰烯>乙酸乙酯>α-石竹烯>α-蒎烯>异松油烯;3-莰烯对瘿蚊的吸引率最高,达到74.20%,显著高于α-蒎烯和异松油烯,乙酸乙酯吸引率次之,达到66.07%;异松油酯的趋避性最高,达到74.25%,显著高于其他挥发物。实验中也显示浓度阈值现象,α-蒎烯在浓度0.5 mL/L和1 mL/L浓度范围内有显著的趋避效果,在高于或低于此范围内的其他浓度引诱率和趋避率差异不显著。α-石竹烯高浓度（1.0 mL/L and 2.0 mL/L）对芒果壮铗普瘿蚊有显著引诱作用,3-莰烯和α-石竹烯处理组随着浓度的升高对瘿蚊的引诱率增加。研究结果为阐释瘿蚊入侵机理提供理论依据,为开发引诱剂或趋避剂提供技术支撑。 相似文献
9.
Nimet Sema Gencer Nabi Alper Kumral H. Ozkan Sivritepe Melis Seidi Hilal Susurluk Bulent Senturk 《Phytoparasitica》2009,37(3):217-224
The spider mites Tetranychus urticae Koch and Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (Tetranychidae) cause severe economic losses to vegetable farms and deciduous fruit orchards in Turkey. One of their
predators, the ladybird beetle Stethorus gilvifrons (Muls.) (Col., Coccinellidae), aggregates on mite-infested patches of plants. The present study assessed whether there is
a role for herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) and/or odors emitted directly from these two mite species in the aggregative
response of ladybird beetles. The olfactory responses of the predator females to volatiles from T. urticae- and/or P. ulmi-infested sweet pepper (four cultivars, viz. ‘Demre’, ‘Yalova Carliston’, ‘Kandil Dolma’ and ‘Yag Biberi’), kidney bean (cv.
‘Barbunya’) and apple (M9 rootstock) were investigated using a two-choice olfactometer. Our results showed that HIPVs emitted
from both T. urticae- and P. ulmi-infested plants significantly attracted S. gilvifrons adults for all plants except the sweet pepper cv. Yag Biberi. In addition, it was found that volatiles from apple plants
infested by T. urticae and, especially, P. ulmi are more attractive for S. gilvifrons females than those emitted by other infested plants. The results also suggest that the odors of T. urticae adults and their products might influence the attraction of S. gilvifrons females. 相似文献
10.
蓖麻叶对华北大黑鳃金龟引诱作用的研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
利用嗅觉仪、触角电位仪、田间笼罩试验等方法测定了蓖麻叶对华北大黑鳃金龟的引诱作用.结果表明,在嗅觉仪中,华北大黑鳃金龟对蓖麻叶粗提物的选择性显著大于其他11种供试寄主植物,在田间选择性试验中,华北大黑鳃金龟对蓖麻的选择性也显著大于其他供试植物,表明蓖麻叶片中存在具有诱虫活性的气味物质.研究还发现,蓖麻叶对大黑鳃金龟有麻痹作用,但无直接致死作用. 相似文献