土壤团聚体有机碳研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱锟恒  段良霞  李元辰  李振炜 《中国农学通报》2021,37(21):86-90

土壤有机碳是衡量土壤肥力的重要指标,对于促进土壤养分循环、增加养分有效性有重要作用。土壤团聚体是土壤的重要组成部分,是组成土壤结构的最小单元,受到自然因素和人为因素的影响,其形成转化过程与土壤固碳过程息息相关,因而研究团聚体和有机碳的关系及团聚体有机碳影响因素对于土壤结构的改善和土壤质量的提升具有重要意义。本文通过对文献的总结,明晰了土壤团聚体和有机碳的关系,阐述了土壤类型、施肥方式、土地利用和矿区复垦对土壤团聚体有机碳的影响,并从生物质炭的长期定位研究和复垦矿区的土壤修复两方面对土壤团聚体有机碳的研究进行展望,研究结果可为合理的农业生产提供科学依据。  相似文献   

不同施肥处理对马铃薯农田土壤理化性状及产量的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

马文军  武均  宋雪峰  王月胜  蔡立群 《中国农学通报》2021,37(15):87-91

为了探究不同施肥处理对马铃薯农田土壤理化性状及产量的影响,试验地采用马铃薯连作模式,设置3个施肥处理,即：单施化肥(T)、有机肥配施化肥(YTF 1/2)、全量有机肥(YTF)。结果表明：在不同施肥处理下马铃薯农田土壤的理化性质和马铃薯产量发生了变化,其中变化最为明显的土壤指标有土壤容重、孔隙度、饱和导水率、有效磷。YTF处理较T处理可分别显著(P<0.05)降低土壤容重16.8%,增加土壤孔隙度12.7%,提升饱和导水率25.3%。YTF处理可显著提升土壤有效磷含量43.0%,但各处理间土壤pH、有机碳、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、速效钾之间差异并未达到显著水平。同时,较之T处理,YTF处理亦可显著提升土壤团聚体含量。YTF和YTF 1/2处理可分别较T处理提升马铃薯产量24.6%和12.8%。因此,施用有机肥不仅可以改善土壤结构,改良土壤物理性状,亦能促产增收。  相似文献   

橡胶园酸性、中性土壤交换性钙、镁测定方法研究     

许木果  丁华平  刘忠妹  陈桂良  陈永川  黎小清 《中国农学通报》2020,36(18):73-79

为了获得简单、易操作、准确度高的橡胶园酸性、中性土壤交换性钙、镁测定方法,本试验通过响应面优化试验,建立称样量、提取液体积、提取方式与交换性钙测定结果之间的数学模型。结果表明：在25℃条件下,以1 mol/L的乙酸铵为土壤浸提液,称样量为2 g、提取液体积175 mL、振荡36 min,为橡胶园酸性、中性土壤的最佳提取条件。将上述条件下得到的结果与标准方法条件下得到的结果相对比,两结果的相对误差在1.25~3.04之间,均属合理范围。利用标准样品对优化方法进行试验验证,结果与推荐值相符。改进后的方法分析成本低、操作简便、测定结果准确、稳定性好,可用于橡胶园酸性、中性土壤交换性钙、镁的测定。  相似文献   

Ionic Ratios and Crop Performance: II. Effects of Interactions amongst Vanadium, Phosphorus, Magnesium and Calcium on Soybean Yield     

A. Olness  D. Palmquist  & J. Rinke 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2001,187(1):47-52

Because vanadium (V) is easily reduced to a cationic form within plant cells, data from resin-extraction of soil were analysed for evidence of interactions between V and the resin-extractable concentrations of magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) on soybean seed yield. Three varieties, 9091, 9061 and 704, were grown over a 3-year period in a corn–soybean–wheat rotation. Surface soil samples (0–15 cm) were extracted with ion-exchange resins, extracts were analysed by inductively coupled plasma methods (ICP), and the results were regressed against seed yield using SAS PROC STEPWISE analysis using forward selection, backward elimination and maximum R² routines. The seed yield of each variety showed a correlation with a unique set of resin-extractable concentrations of V, phosphorus (P), Mg and Ca, and the V:(V + P), Mg:(Mg + Ca), Mg:(Mg + 1000 V) and Ca:(Ca + 1000 V) ratios. Variety 9091 was most sensitive to the Mg:(Mg + Ca) ratio. Variety 9061 was most sensitive to extractable V and to the V:(V + P) ratio. Variety 704 was sensitive to extractable P, V and Ca and the Mg:(Mg + 1000 V) ratio. For variety 9091, Mg fertilization (not currently practised) may be an economical practice, whereas P fertilization of 704 may not be economical. Each regression technique varied slightly in identification of important factors in seed yield. Concentrations and ratios of resin-extractable elements in soil provide insights into optimal genotype selection and possible management alternatives for a given soil.  相似文献   

The use of urban organic wastes in the control of erosion in a semiarid Mediterranean soil     

M. Ros  C. Garcia  T. Hernandez 《Soil Use and Management》2001,17(4):292-293

Abstract. A two year field experiment was carried out in a semiarid Mediterranean area in order to evaluate, the effect on soil erosion of adding different urban organic wastes: a stabilized municipal waste (compost), an unstabilized municipal waste, and an aerobic sewage sludge. All the treatments significantly reduced soil erosion, compared to the control soil. The soil amended with compost was the most effective treatment, reducing soil loss by 94% and runoff by 54%.  相似文献   

菲律宾以稻为基础的种植制度生态学评价 Ⅰ.各类种植方式的养分平衡     

赵强基 Garr.  DD 《作物学报》1993,19(5):402-411

在菲律宾的雨养旱地、雨养低地和灌溉田种植制度研究基点上,分别对各种农民和拟推广的实验种植方式,进行了生物量及其组成、作物分器官的 C、N、P、K 含量与分布比率、作物残茬燃烧后 C、N、P、K 损失测定。从添加与取走两个方面,分三种添加与取走情况,计算了土壤N、P、K 的部分养分平衡与有机质平衡。结果显示:在当地施肥水平下,即使归还全部残茬,很难维持 N、P、K 的养分平衡,但能较好满足土壤有机质平衡。为维持土壤有机质的年平衡,雨养低地和雨养旱地需分别归还1400和1900公斤生物物质/公顷.年。并对当地维持养分平衡的途径作了分析与探讨。  相似文献   

产蛋鸡饲粮锌和钙水平对蛋的品质和蛋中锌含量的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

单安山  王安  许振英 《动物营养学报》1989,(1)

试验研究了在玉米一豆饼型基础饲粮(含锌30Ppm)中添加不同水平锌和钙对鸡蛋品质和蛋中锌含量的影响。结果表明,饲粮未加锌时后期(70～71周龄)蛋壳比,蚕黄,蛋白和蛋壳风干物含量,蛋的比重和蛋壳厚度显著降低;饲粮高钙使中期(45周龄)和后期蛋壳比,各期蛋的比重和蛋壳厚度显著提高。蛋黄中锌含量随着饲粮锌水平的提高而显著提高;蛋白中锌含量在前期(25周龄)同蛋黄一样,但在中期和后期未加锌组鸡蛋白中锌含量显著高于加锌对照组;蛋壳中锌含量在前期不受饲粮锌水平显著影响,在中期和后期饲粮高锌使之显著提高。饲粮高钙对蛋各组分中锌含量没有显著影响。  相似文献   

Organic Acids Placed into the Cloaca to Reduce Campylobacter Contamination of Broiler Skin During Defeathering     

《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2006,15(2):287-291

Campylobacter numbers on broiler carcasses can increase dramatically during defeathering because of leakage of contaminated gut contents in the feather-picking machine. Food-grade organic acids have been shown to be effective in killing bacteria. Placement of organic acids into the cloaca prior to defeathering was tested to determine if such a treatment could lower the number of Campylobacter that escape and contaminate broiler breast skin during automated feather removal. Campylobacter numbers on the breast skin of treated carcasses increased during defeathering but resulted in numbers that were only about 2% of those observed on control carcasses. Placement of food-grade organic acids in the cloaca of broiler carcasses may be useful as a means to lessen the impact of automated defeathering on the microbiological quality of carcasses during processing.  相似文献   

高生物钙线椒新品种“陕椒2001”     

庄灿然 《辣椒杂志》2003,(4)

线辣椒为陕西省的传统名优特品种。也是唯一能在全国起拳头的出口创汇产品。因其具有“果色鲜红和品佳味香”的特点,在国  相似文献   

线粒体损伤、钙超载与肉鸡腹水综合征的关系     

王彩容  张克英  陈代文 《中国畜牧兽医》2006,33(1):43-46

作者综述了线粒体损伤、钙超载与肉鸡腹水综合征的关系,钙超载可能是肉鸡腹水综合征发生和发展中,心、肺及其血管损伤和功能紊乱的机制,而线粒体损伤可以导致细胞内钙超载,同时钙超载后加重了线粒体的损伤。作者还指出了日粮钙与肉鸡腹水综合征的发生可能有关。  相似文献