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Poor functioning of theirrigation system in Pakistan has been asource of concern for the last few decades,during which time it has been the subject ofconsiderable external assistance andinternal policy reforms. Consequently, thegovernment of Pakistan introducedinstitutional restructuring in irrigationand drainage subsectors to impartnecessary improvements. Under thesereforms, management at secondary canallevel has recently been handed over to theFarmers Organizations (FOs) of selecteddistributaries in pilot areas. This studywas designed to evaluate a farmer-manageddistributary in southern Punjab. Fieldmeasurements revealed that hydraulicaspects of the irrigation service deliveredby the FO management has been significantlyimproved and as a result highlyproportionate and equitable waterdistribution was observed, particularly atthe tail reaches of the distributary. Dueto effective FO management farmers'interventions to increase the outletdischarge by illegal means has been almosteradicated. As a result of theseimprovements imparted by the FO in systemmanagement, the extent of irrigated area hasincreased on average by 6 to 7%, evenunder severe drought-like conditionsprevailing in the country during recentyears. Further cost recoveries haveincreased by an amount of 14% for summerand 23% for winter growing seasons,respectively, from the irrigated area of thedistributary. Thus experience from Hakra4-R distributary has shown that even underundesirable natural circumstancesIrrigation Management Transfer (IMT) wasquite effective in achieving the keytargets of the institutional reformslaunched at pilot scale in the country. 相似文献
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张俊峰 《信阳农业高等专科学校学报》2009,19(1)
宋代既是一个科技繁荣的朝代,又是一个祥瑞、灾异等迷信十分盛行的朝代,其对宋时的政治、经济乃至军事都产生了较为深刻的影响。灾异说不仅当时在学术界引起了争论,而且成为攻击王安石变法的武器,甚至成为导致王安石变法失败的重要原因之一。 相似文献
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分子生物学教学改革探索 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
分子生物学是当今生命科学的3大前沿学科之一,也是各校生物类本科专业的必修课。为了适应分子生物学不断发展变化的形势,笔者在分子生物学教学实践中,进行了教学改革探索,取得了良好的效果。 相似文献
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高职院校食品生物化学教学改革探讨 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
探讨了高职院校食品类专业食品生物化学的课程教学目标与内容、教学方法、实验环节和考试方法,以适应对食品类专业人才的培养需求。 相似文献
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乳品工艺课程实验设备的设计及其在实验教学改革中的应用 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
分析了乳品工艺实验教学现状,详细阐述了乳品工艺实验设备的设计内容及其在本科生乳品工艺实验教学改革中的应用。 相似文献