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Expression of nucleolus, endosperm storage proteins and disease resistance in an amphiploid between Aegilops tauschii and Secale silvestre 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Cytology and gene expression of an amphiploid between Aegilops tauschiiL., native to China, and Secale silvestre L. were studied to reveal the genomic interaction between the donor species. High frequencies of aneuploids were observed
in the progenies of the amphiploid, indicating its cytological instability. Feulgen staining and Giemsa-C banding showed that
only the nucleolar organizing region from chromosome 5D of Ae. tauschii existed in the amphiploid (2n = 28). The nucleolus of S. silvestre was not observed. Endosperm storage protein electrophoresis indicated most gliadin and glutenin genes from both parents were
expressed in the endosperm of the amphiploid. When inoculated by wheat stripe rust and powdery mildew isolates,the amphiploid
did not express the resistance from its Secale parent,suggesting the presence of disease resistance suppressor(s) in the D genome of Ae. tauschii as well as nucleolar organizer suppressors.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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J. Sutka 《Euphytica》1977,26(2):475-479
Summary The association of genes for purple pigment in the coleoptile with the chromosomes of the winter wheat variety Mironovskaya 808 was investigated using monosomic F2 analysis. The segregation ratio for F2 hybrids of Chinese Spring monosomics x Mironovskya 808 seems to indicate that the purple colour of the coleoptile is determined by two dominant genes, Rc3 and Rc4, which are located on the chromosomes 7D and 6B respectively, and which reinforce each other. Apart from these two genes, suppressors found on the chromosomes 2A, 2B, 2D, 4B and 6A also play a role in the intensity of the purple colour.With the aid of a Chinese Spring telocentric chromosome marker it was observed that the Rc3 gene is located on the chromosome arm 7DS, at a distance of 16±4.23 crossover units from the centromere. 相似文献
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In plants, green fluorescent protein (GFP) has become a preferred molecular marker for gene expression and cellular localization, and plant viral vectors are valuable tools for heterologous gene expression. Some plant viruses have been used for expression of GFP, and the activities of these viruses are barely affected by the extra GFP gene. In contrast, the packaging and the length of Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) genome is strictly limited when foreign genes are inserted into the coding sequences of TCV genome. In this report, we removed the silencing suppressor p38 from TCV, and constructed GFP derivatives of TCV. Then the resulting TCV mutants were used to infect Arabidopsis plants containing mutations in key silencing pathway genes, including triple dcl2/dcl3/dcl4, dcl2, dcl4 and ago mutant plants. Our results demonstrate that the activity of TCV is affected by nonviral GFP insert in Arabidopsis plants, and RNA silencing appears not play an important role. AGOs appear to be more efficient at slicing RNAs of viral origin, especially AGO2 and AGO7. Although the viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs) P19 and 2b can enhance the accumulation of viral RNAs, neither P19 nor 2b can significantly increase the expression of TCV mutants with nonviral genes. TCV is an example of an RNA virus that is recalcitrant to add nonviral gene sequences. 相似文献
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RNAi的抑制物及其应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在植物、动物中广泛存在的一种基因调控现象,RNAi现象是通过调控RNA的分子水平来抑制基因表达。被认为是一种抑制病毒性复制和转座子活动的抗御机制。在此过程中,侵染型病毒为了能够不被这种机制干扰抑制,继续在寄主体内生存、繁殖,则产生了一种反抗御机制———即产生抑制蛋白来对抗转录后基因沉默。本文集中讨论了当前已知的植物病毒编码的沉默抑制物。它们在抑制途径中的不同阶段干扰沉默,这些抑制物已成为一种有力的工具来帮助了解植物中RNA沉默的机制,并在研究基因功能等方面有着广泛的应用前景。 相似文献
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生长激素(growth hormone,GH)对动物的生长发育具有重要的生理作用.GH与生长激素受体(growth hormone receptor,GHR)结合后才会发挥一系列的生理作用.近年来,人们对GHR结构和功能的研究取得了巨大的进展,并取得了一些重大的突破.现在已清楚了GH-GHR轴激活一些相关的信号转导通路,但并非所有的通路都依赖酪氨酸激酶.作者从以下几个方面总结了GHR作用下的信号转导机制的研究进展:GHR的结构与功能;依赖JAK2的相关信号通路;不依赖JAK2的相关信号通路;GHR信号负调控因子.阐明这些复杂机制,对进一步了解GH对动物不同的生理和病理作用具有重要意义. 相似文献
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犬干扰素-γ的稀释复性及活力测定 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
文章探讨了不同折叠促进剂、加样方式、温度、pH在稀释法复性条件下对重组犬IFN-γ体外折叠的复性影响。结果表明,0.5mol·L-1精氨酸、0.5mol·L-1盐酸胍、2.0mol·L-1尿素均能有效抑制复性过程中蛋白质的聚集,其中精氨酸的效果最好。在4℃、pH8.0、精氨酸浓度0.5mol·L-1,蛋白浓度0.15mg·mL-1及脉冲加样操作方式下,复性后重组犬IFN-γ的活性为1.35×104U·mL-1,比活为3.74×106U·mg-1。 相似文献
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Seventy-four hexaploid wheats, synthesized by either crossing resistantTriticum turgidum L. var.durum with susceptible/intermediateT. tauschii or susceptible/intermediateT. turgidum with resistantT. tauschii, and their parents were evaluated as seedlings in the greenhouse and as adult-plants at two field locations in Mexico for resistance to pathotype 14E14 of stripe (or yellow) rust (caused byPuccinia striiformis Westend). The seedlings of different synthetic hexaploids showed high phenotypic diversity for resistance. However, the resistance level of only 15 of the 74 synthetic hexaploid wheats were similar to the low infection types of the respective donor parents. The remaining synthetic wheats displayed either intermediate or high infection types. A similar result was also obtained in field tests, where only 18 synthetic hexaploids were resistant as adult-plants. In general, genotypes with seedling resistance were also resistant as adult-plants. A few synthetic hexaploids, which displayed intermediate or susceptible infection types as seedlings were resistant as adult-plants, indicating that additional genes for adult-plant resistance were also present. The fact that resistance of some donor parents was not expressed, or only partially expressed, in a synthetic hexaploid background suggests the presence of suppressor genes in the both the A or B, and D genomes ofT. turgidum andT. tauschii, respectively. The resistance of a donor parent was expressed in a synthetic hexaploid only if the corresponding suppressor was absent in the second parent. Moreover, the suppressors appeared to be resistance gene specific. 相似文献
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Stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend.) is a wheat disease of worldwide importance. Seedlings of 75 accessions
of Triticum boeoticum, 12 of T. monococcum, 16 of T. urartu, 230 of durum wheat (T. turgidum L. var. durum), and 128 amphiploids
(genome AAAABB) involving the crosses of the three diploid species (AA) with T. turgidum (AABB) were evaluated in the greenhouse
for their reaction to P. striiformis race 14E14. Durum wheats and the amphiploids were also evaluated at two field locations
in Mexico with the same race for their adult plant response. Resistant seedling reactions (infection types: 0-3 on a 0-9 scale)
were seen for 10 (13%) accessions of T. boeticum, 19 (8%) accessions of T. turgidum and 32 (25%) amphiploids. The remaining
accessions were either moderately resistant (ITs 4-6) or susceptible (ITs 7-9). The three amphiploids derived from the crosses
of seedling resistant T. boeoticum and T. turgidum, were resistant as seedlings. Among the 51 amphiploids involving one resistant
parent, 29 were resistant and the remaining 22 displayed intermediate to susceptible reactions. Suppressors for resistance
were common in the A and AB genomes and suppression was resistance gene specific. Forty-five (20%) durums showed adequate
field resistance (relative AUDPC <10% of the susceptible check ‘Morocco’). These included the 19 seedling resistant durums.
Presence of genes involved in adult plant resistance was evident, because 26 of the remaining adult plant resistant durums
had displayed intermediate-susceptible seedling reactions. Though the seedling reactions of the amphiploids varied from low
to high, all involving the adult plant resistant durums possessed adequate field resistance. The resistant, newly produced,
AAAABB amphiploids are useful genetic resources for stripe rust resistance which could be transferred to the cultivated T.
turgidum.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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植物病毒抑制子抑制RNA沉默的机制及生物学应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
RNA沉默(RNA silellcing)是真核生物细胞内保守的和序列特异的RNA降解系统.高等植物中病毒诱导的、以降解病毒为目标的RNA沉默是一种寄主适应性防御系统.为了对该系统进行防御,植物病毒已进化形成了在RNA沉默的不同阶段起作用,并最终战胜寄主沉默反应的病毒抑制蛋白.本文讨论了现今鉴定和初步分析抑制子的方法以及抑制子的作用模式;同时对植物沉默抑制子的生物学应用包括用抑制子解析RNA沉默途径、用抑制子增强外源蛋白表达水平以及抑制子引起发育缺陷等进行了讨论. 相似文献
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