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为了解水流冲刷作用下反滤层对土石坝心墙裂缝发展保护作用的特点和机理 ,以黑河土石坝心墙裂缝冲刷试验为例 ,分别采用常水头和变水头两种方法 ,探讨了土石坝心墙裂缝在水流冲刷过程中的特点。结果表明 ,宽度不大的裂缝在合适的反滤层保护下 ,能防止心墙土体被水流冲刷。 相似文献
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黑龙江农垦九三分局所辖农场由冲刷沟造成的土壤侵蚀极其严重,水土流失面积占总面积的35.94%。通过对冲刷沟成因及冲刷沟引起土壤侵蚀类型的分析,将冲刷沟分成3种类型,分别为幼年期冲刷沟、中年期冲刷沟及老年期冲刷沟,并提出相应的治理原则及措施。 相似文献
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R. Drees H. Hünigen S. Wagner J. Schnorr J. Plendl M. Taupitz 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2008,6(3):151-161
The peripheral washout sign was first described in delayed dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) using a small molecular contrast medium in solid lesions of the human breast and liver. It was found to be 100% specific for malignant lesions and could therefore potentially be used as an additional noninvasive diagnostic tool differentiating malignant from benign lesions. The origin of this phenomenon has not yet been explained. The objective of this study was to translate the peripheral washout sign as seen in solid tumours in delayed DCE‐MRI in human onto an animal model for further assessment of DCE‐MRI characteristics and histological analysis. Small molecular contrast medium DCE‐MRI was performed over 42 min in experimental colon carcinoma grown subcutaneously in rats. Qualitative and quantitative analyses for evaluation of presence and characteristics of the peripheral washout sign were accomplished, defining four centripetally distributed tumour zones (central, intermediate, peripheral and marginal). One hundred per cent of the carcinomas demonstrated a peripheral washout sign in DCE‐MRI starting at 20 min after bolus injection. Histomorphological analysis was performed for tissue classification and evaluation of microvasculature. Quantitative analysis revealed different enhancement profiles of the four tumour zones. Histology indicated centripetally asymmetric vascularization and vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF/VEGF receptor 2 expression within the tumour tissue. Thus, peripheral washout sign can be translated to an animal model. However, comparison of small molecular contrast medium DCE‐MRI with histology revealed that histology alone does not explain the occurrence of the peripheral washout. 相似文献
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针对山区公路易遭水毁这一突出问题，从汛前检查、全面养护、工程防治等三方面提出具体的水毁防治措施及综合治理办法。总结本地区在防治公路水毁方面成功经验。 相似文献
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为研究黄土坡面细沟侵蚀规律,探究水流剥蚀能力的室内测算方法,以黄绵土为研究对象,设置2,4,6,8 L/min 4个流量,5°,10°,15°,20°4个坡度,土槽长度为12 m,进行室内径流冲刷试验,得到黄绵土坡面细沟侵蚀的临界沟长和输沙能力,基于二者之间的函数关系,推导出剥蚀能力的计算公式,以此研究不同试验条件下临界沟长、输沙能力和剥蚀能力的变化规律,并验证方法的准确性。结果表明：在设计水力工况条件下,黄绵土坡面细沟侵蚀的临界沟长的变化范围在5.33～11.12 m,且临界沟长随流量和坡度的增加而缩短;输沙能力随流量和坡度的增大而增大;剥蚀能力与流量之间存在明显的线性关系,与坡度之间存在较好的对数关系。试验方法与其他方法相比,操作便捷、结果吻合度高,能较好地确定黄土区细沟侵蚀的剥蚀能力。研究结果可进一步完善黄土坡面细沟侵蚀理论。 相似文献
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A hydraulically integrated serial turbidostat algal reactor (HISTAR) was mathematically modeled and designed for large-scale production of microalgae. HISTAR, which combines turbidostats with a series of continuous-flow stirred-tank reactors (CFSTRs), was designed with contaminant mitigation as a primary design parameter. The concept of contaminant mitigation in the series of CFSTRs is discussed and three mathematical models presented to predict contaminant washout within the CFSTRs. Model simulations indicated that the hydraulic regime within each CFSTR is crucial to the contaminant mitigation process in the series of CFSTRs. Experiments on the HISTAR system with a liquid volume of about 8500 l, culturing Chaetoceros muelleri (CHAET 10), demonstrated that 0.8 million live rotifers, intentionally added to the first CFSTR, were washed out of the six CFSTRs at a local dilution rate of 4 day−1. In another experiment, Thalassiosira sp. cultured at a dilution rate of 0.667 day−1 fell victim to a few rotifers that inadvertently entered the CFSTRs. The validity of the washout concepts was demonstrated further when the ≈300 million live rotifers in the CFSTRs were completely washed out by simply increasing the dilution rate to 4 day−1. 相似文献
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油气管道沿线水工保护工程的效率缺乏系统科学的评价和预测,从而不能使有限的管道维护资源得到充分高效的优化配置,需要开展以效能评价为主的后评价研究。在归纳水工保护工程效能特征及分类的基础上,通过建立的单投入双产出型评价方法对乌兰线、西气东输二线等15条管道347处水工保护工程开展了基于“投入-产出”评价模式的水工效能评价工作,评价指标中风险减缓指数和工程可用性指数可直观体现水工保护工程的防护效果、工程质量及可维护性,而效能评价结果有助于优化投资决策,改进工程效能,可用于指导管道运营公司水工保护工程的维护及修建工作。 相似文献
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山区冲刷沟治理措施包括植物措施和工程措施,通过采取二者相结合的方式,能够有效进行冲刷沟的治理,达到共同控制沟发展的效果.文中着重介绍了几种工程措施的技术要点、应用范围等. 相似文献
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