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1.
Genes from wild species of the Procumbentes section can be transferred to sugar beet chromosomes via translocations. Since large translocations, including for example a gene for nematode resistance, generally result in meiotic disturbances, there is a need to select new diploid resistant beets from progenies of monosomic wild beet addition lines. A dispersed repetitive DNA probe, which is closely correlated with the resistance gene and hybridizes exclusively with wild beet DNA, appears to be highly superior to selection based on isozyme markers. Characteristic ‘fingerprints’ on the available monosomic addition lines reveal the existence of at last 5 different chromosomes in the wild species each housing a gene for nematode resistance. This probe can be used advantageously to identify individuals carrying the intact or fragmented wild beet chromosomes, or even various amounts of translocated chromatin. Strategies are discussed for the identification of new translocation types using straightforward squash dot or Southern hybridization techniques in combination with the wild beet DNA probe. 相似文献
2.
Beet cyst nematodes (BCN, Heterodera schachtii), Cercospora beticola, and rhizomania, caused by the beet necrotic yellow vein
virus (BNYVV) and vectored by the soil-borne fungus Polymyxa betae, are the most serious diseases of sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris
subsp. vulgaris). The wild Beta species of section Procumbentes are known to be completely resistant to H. schachtii, C. beticola
and P. betae. Alien monosomic additions (2n=19), plants of cultivated beet (2n=18) carrying different individual chromosomes
of B. procumbens (2n=18) or B. patellaris (2n=36), were tested in greenhouse experiments for resistance to these pathogens.
Gene(s) conferring full resistance to the beet cyst nematode in B. patellaris are located on chromosome 1.1, and the other
tested chromosomes of B. patellaris are not involved in the expression of resistance. Artificial inoculation under greenhouse
conditions, with in vitro produced inoculum of C. beticola and spot-percentage rating of the disease intensity, showed that
the high level of resistance that was observed in the wild species B. procumbens and B. patellaris was not found in any of
the monosomic additions tested. It was suggested that genes on various chromosomes of the wild species are needed to express
full resistance, and that the chromosomes of group 7 of B. patellaris and chromosome 7 of B. procumbens have the largest effect.
The greenhouse tests for resistance to P. betae in B. patellaris derived monosomic additions showed that the addition families
of group 4.1 have a strong partial resistance, while the addition families of group 8.1 appeared to be completely resistant
to the pathogen. Resistance to P. betae in the two wild species as well as in the two resistant addition types did not exclude
infection with BNYVV, but resulted in a considerable reduction of the virus concentration. It was concluded that resistance
to the vector would complement virus resistance, and may provide a more effective and durable control of rhizomania.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
3.
苄嘧磺隆与尿素混用对陌上菜吸收除草剂的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
14C-苄嘧磺隆与尿素混用,处理后1h,陌上菜[Lindernia procumbens (Krock.) Philcox]植株的14C放射性计数达到高峰.然而,14C-苄嘧磺隆单用,陌上菜植株的14C放射性计数随时间延长而缓慢增加,直至48h仍显著低于1h的除草剂与尿素混和的14C放射性计数.处理后24h,14C-苄嘧磺隆在陌上菜植株中的分配以根系最高,茎次之,叶最低.14C-苄嘧磺隆+尿素浸根,促进陌上菜植株对除草剂的吸收,但涂抹叶片时,无论单用还是混用,陌上菜植株均不吸收除草剂. 相似文献
4.
为提高平铺白珠的繁殖效率,以采集的平铺白珠‘极速贵族’种子为供试材料,测量种子形态、千粒重、吸水特性;并通过培养皿滤纸萌发法统计不同GA3处理和温度处理下种子的发芽率;将无菌萌发所获幼苗与常规播种苗长势进行对比。结果表明,平铺白珠‘极速贵族’种子属小粒种子(千粒重(0.2995±0.0111) g),种子种皮薄且透水性良好。GA3浸种时间、GA3浸种浓度和温度三者间存在交互作用,其中GA3浓度和温度是影响种子萌发的关键因子,浓度为1000 mg/L的GA3溶液浸泡种子12～24 h,环境温度为白天25℃、夜晚15℃的条件有利于促进种子萌发,种子发芽率可达90%以上,显著高于对照(64.67%)。无菌苗长势要优于常规播种苗,无菌萌发1500 mg/L GA3预处理种苗的平均株高(12.17 mm)和平均根长(18.15 mm)均高于常规播种苗的株高(9.65 mm)和根长(13.31 mm),培养基配方为WPM+2.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L ... 相似文献
5.
以金鱼藤(Asarina procumbens)叶柄为外植体,MS为基础培养基,进行组织培养和快速繁殖,研究不同浓度的植物生长调节剂对金鱼藤快繁体系建立的影响,建立了金鱼藤无性繁殖体系。结果表明,金鱼藤愈伤诱导的最佳培养基为MS+2.0mg/L6-BA+1.0mg/L NAA;不定芽分化最佳培养基为MS+1.5mg/L6-BA+(0.3~0.5)mg/LNAA+0.3mg/L KT;丛生芽诱导的最适培养基为MS+2.0mg/L6-BA+0.2mg/L NAA,最佳生根培养基为MS培养基。 相似文献
6.
报道福建玄参科一新记录归化植物——伏胁花[Mecardonia procumbens(Mill.)Small]。凭证标本存放于福建农林大学林学院树木标本室(FJFC)。 相似文献
7.
爵床提取物对辣椒炭疽病菌的抑制作用及其苗期防效 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
爵床(J usticia procumbens L.)是一种传统的中药材.为探明爵床提取物对辣椒炭疽病菌的抑制作用,采用生长速率法和孢子萌发法分别测定了爵床提取物对辣椒炭疽病菌菌丝生长、孢子产生和孢子萌发的抑制作用,采用苗期盆栽试验观察爵床提取物对辣椒炭疽病的防治效果.结果表明,爵床甲醇提取物可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌菌丝生长、孢子产生和孢子萌发,其活性随着浓度的提高而增强,抑制中浓度分别为4.23、2.16和2.98 mg/mL.通过对爵床提取物处理后病菌孢子萌发形态显微观察,发现病菌孢子芽管长度受到明显抑制甚至不能萌发.当提取物浓度为16mg/mL时对苗期辣椒炭疽病的防效达73.08％. 相似文献
8.
爵床提取物的抑菌杀虫活性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
爵床(Justicia procumbens var.procumbens L.)是一种传统中药。为探明爵床提取物的抑菌杀虫活性,采用冷浸和超声波提取相结合的方法,分别获得了爵床甲醇、氯仿、丙酮、乙酸乙酯和正己烷等溶剂提取物;并应用抑菌圈法研究了5种提取物对柑橘炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum gloeosprioides)、芦笋茎枯病菌(Phomopsisasparagi)、稻瘟病菌(Pyricularia grisea)、棉花红腐病菌(Fusarium graminearum)和草莓灰霉病菌(Botrytiscinerea)等5种植物病原真菌的抑制效果,测定了甲醇提取物对柑橘炭疽病、芦笋茎枯病、草莓灰霉病和柑橘溃疡病(Xanthomonas campestris)等4种植物病菌及白蚊伊蚊(Aedes albopictus)、家蝇(Musca domestica)和菜青虫(Pieris rapae)等3种害虫的毒力。结果表明,不同极性溶剂提取物8 mg.mL 1对5种植物病原真菌均有一定的抑制作用,其中甲醇提取物对柑橘炭疽病菌、芦笋茎枯病菌、草莓灰霉病菌的抑制率均达50%以上。爵床甲醇提取物具有较强的抑菌杀虫活性,对柑橘炭疽病菌、芦笋茎枯病菌和草莓灰霉病菌菌丝生长的抑制中浓度(EC50)分别为5.94 mg.mL 1、4.61 mg.mL 1和5.27 mg.mL 1,EC90分别为63.69 mg.mL 1、58.01 mg.mL 1和54.57 mg.mL 1;0.25~1.00 mg.mL 1爵床甲醇提取物对柑橘溃疡病病菌显示强抑菌作用,0.125 mg.mL 1显示中度抑菌作用,最小抑制浓度(MIC)为0.062 5 mg.mL 1;爵床甲醇提取物对白蚊伊蚊、家蝇和菜青虫的致死中浓度(LC50)分别为0.195 8 mg.mL 1、0.351 4 mg.mL 1和0.287 7 mg.mL 1,LC95分别为0.988 4 mg.mL 1、3.053 2mg.mL 1和2.584 4 mg.mL 1。因此,爵床提取物作为生物农药,在农业生产中具有较好的应用前景。 相似文献
9.
[目的]对铺地柏挥发性成分进行分析。[方法]采用同时蒸馏萃取法提取,用气相色谱质谱联用（GC-MS）法结合计算机谱图检索,对铺地柏挥发性化学成分进行分析鉴定。[结果]铺地柏挥发油提取率为0.68%,共鉴定出88种化合物,占分离物质的85.74%。主要成分为β-水芹烯（17.06%）、（-）-4-萜品醇（2.96%）、β-香茅醇（2.34%）、2-十一烷酮（8.35%）、3,7-二甲基-6-辛烯酸甲酯（5.87%）和α-杜松醇（4.07%）。[结论]该研究通过对铺地柏挥发性成分的研究,为铺地柏资源的进一步开发利用提供了试验依据。 相似文献
10.