Sensitivity of four Yeasts to Fungicides and CO2 Concentrations and Their Antagonistic Ability in Combination with Fungicide to pathogenic Fungi in vitro     

TIAN Shi-ping  YAO Hong-jie  QIN Guo-zheng  XU Yong  FENG Xiao-yuan 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2004,3(3)

The yeasts Cryptococcus laurentii,Trichosporon pullulans,Rhodotorula glutinis and Trichosporon sp.were used to investigate their sensitivity to four fungicides and different concentrations of CO2,as well as their antagonistic ability to Penicilliumexpansum and Alternaria alternata in vitro when applied with fungicide.There were significant differences in sensitivity to the fungicides among the different yeasts(P = 0.05).R.glutinis was more sensitive to Deccocil,Iprodione and Stroby as compared to other yeasts.Combination antagonistic yeasts with fungicide could more significantly enhance biocontrol ability of the yeasts against the pathogenic fungi in vitro(P = 0.05).C.laurentii was the most effective antagonist among the four yeasts and could completely control spore germination of P.expansum and A.alternata when combined with Stroby at the concentration of 100 μL L-1.The yeasts,except R.glutinis,could grow well on nutrient yeast dextrose agar (NYDA) after 8 d incubation even at 20% CO2 concentration at 25℃.Particularly Trichosporon sp.showeda better adaptability to low temperature as compared to other antagonists.  相似文献   

Trichoderma harzianum produces nonanoic acid, an inhibitor of spore germination and mycelial growth of two cacao pathogens     

Madhu Aneja  Thomas J. Gianfagna  Prakash K. Hebbar 《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2005,67(6):1647

An isolate of Trichoderma harzianum Rifai from an infected cacao pod produces and secretes nonanoic (pelargonic) acid into a liquid culture medium. Nonanoic acid (NA) was very inhibitory to spore germination and mycelial growth of two cacao pathogens, Crinipellis perniciosa Stahel and Moniliophthora roreri Cif. H.C. Evans. It was highly active causing 75% inhibition of spore germination in an in vitro assay at a rate as low as 0.09 μM for M. roreri and 0.92 μM for C. perniciosa. Mycelial growth was comparatively less sensitive to inhibition, but still there was a 75% reduction in growth with 0.62 μM in M. roreri and 151 μM NA in C. perniciosa. In contrast, NA did not affect Trichoderma mycelial growth or spore germination at concentrations that were inhibitory to the pathogens. 6-pentyl-α-pyrone was also produced and secreted into the medium by T. harzianum, however; it was not antagonistic to the cacao pathogens. Although a number of metabolites produced by Trichoderma spp. have been identified in the past, this is the first report of NA production and secretion by any Trichoderma. The results suggest that NA may play a role in the successful use of some Trichoderma spp. isolates in the biocontrol of fungal diseases of plants.  相似文献   

Biological control of the Western flower thripsFrankliniella occidentalis in cucumber using the entomopathogenic fungusMetarhizium anisopliae     

H. Azaizeh  Galina Gindin  O. aid  I. Barash 《Phytoparasitica》2002,30(1):18-24

Biological control of the western flower thrips (WFT)Frankliniella occidentalis, using the entomopathogenicMetarhizium anisopliae-7 (M. a-7) strain was studied in three consecutive seasons under greenhouse conditions. Cucumber plants infested with WFT were sprayed with spore suspension of the fungusM. a-7 (0.5 g m^-2), or the soil was treated with dry powder of the fungus (0.5 g m^-2); the control was without fungus application. In the 1997 spring experiment, when the cucumber plants were initially infested with only three or four insects per leaf, the spore suspension spray caused a significant reduction in growth of the thrips population compared with the other treatments and the control. However, in the 1997 summer experiment, when the plants were initially heavily infested with WFT (10–15 insects per leaf), the spray treatment caused only a modest reduction in WFT population growth, and only after 4 weeks of treatment was the reduction significant. In the 1999 experiment, with a low initial WFT population of three or four insects per leaf, the spray treatment was effective in reducing the population growth to a lower level than in the other treatments or control. TheM. a-7 strain was found to be effective in reducing the population growth of WFT under greenhouse conditions, particularly when the initial thrips population was low to moderate. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Nov. 4, 2001.  相似文献   

柑橘溃疡病拮抗芽孢菌株的筛选及其控病作用     

易龙  马冠华 《中国果业信息》2012,41(4)

从柑橘根际土壤中获得192个细菌分离物,通过平板拮抗测试,筛选出对柑橘溃疡病菌（Xanthomonas axonopdis pv. citri）有较强拮抗作用的6个芽孢菌株,抑菌圈直径达12.0～25.0mm,其中菌株G32对柑橘溃疡病菌抑制效果最好,稳定性高;温室控病试验表明,菌株G32的控病效果最佳,提前喷施拮抗菌其预防效果达60.7%,接种溃疡病菌后喷施的治疗效果为53.2%;根据其形态特征、培养性状、生理生化特性及16S rDNA序列比对分析,将G32鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis。  相似文献   

生防细菌复配对苹果主要病原真菌抑菌活性筛选及其稳定性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李恩琛  张文军  张树武  徐秉良  刘佳 《西北农业学报》2020,30(8):1270-1277

采用生长速率法测定4种生防细菌及其复配对5种苹果主要病原菌的抑制效果,并将筛选出的最佳复配生防细菌发酵液进行稳定性测定。结果表明,单一生防细菌发酵液中多粘类芽孢杆菌FS-1206对苹果树腐烂病菌的抑菌效果最好,为78.19%;当多粘类芽孢杆菌FS-1206与解淀粉芽孢杆菌TS-1203复配比例为 2∶1时,其对苹果树腐烂病菌的抑菌率高达86.64%,抑菌效果显著优于单一生防细菌发酵液。稳定性测定结果表明,复配生防细菌（FS-1206∶TS-1203= 2∶1）发酵液在紫外照射、高温和强酸强碱环境条件下,其抑菌活性均具有良好的稳定性。  相似文献   

施用根腐病生防颗粒剂对大豆田土壤微生物区系的影响   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

许艳丽  张红骥  张匀华  李春杰 《大豆科学》2007,26(2):198-203

采用田间小区试验,以木霉菌等多种生防菌结合的生防颗粒剂为材料,探讨施于大豆田后对土壤微生物的影响.调查结果显示,土壤中施入生防颗粒剂后未明显引起微生物区系变化,也没有使某些微生物明显地上升或下降.在大豆生育期间多数生防颗粒剂组合的真菌数量低于种衣剂拌种处理区;在大豆生育期间生防颗粒剂组合的放线菌数量都高于种衣剂拌种,在分枝期1号和4号生防颗粒剂处理的细菌数量高于种衣剂处理区和空白对照,开花期(R1)到成熟期(R8)多数生防颗粒剂处理的细菌数量也高于种衣剂处理和对照.生防颗粒剂在分枝期和开花期使土壤中木霉菌数量增加,生防颗粒剂组合、种衣剂处理区和空白对照在分枝期镰孢菌数量较低,除生防颗粒剂组合1号外葡萄孢菌数量在出苗期、结荚盛期都低于空白对照.除结荚期外,其它时期生防颗粒剂处理较空白对照区青霉菌多.  相似文献   

Combining endophytic fungi and bacteria for the biocontrol of Radopholus similis (Cobb) Thorne and for effects on plant growth     

Nancy P. Chaves  Luis E. Pocasangre  Fritz Elango  Franklin E. Rosales  Richard Sikora 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009,122(3):472-478

Eight endophytic fungal and bacterial isolates with antagonistic activity against Radopholus similis were evaluated in vivo for their individual and combined effects on biocontrol of R. similis and on the growth of “Grand Naine” cultivar banana plantlets in the greenhouse. Penetration efficiency (PE) of R. similis was between 3 and 21% in 29 biological agents (BAs) treatments, less than the 29% of the nematode-alone control (p ≤ 0.0001); 24 of the BAs treatments did not differ from the PE of 5% for a nematicide control. Twenty nine BAs treatments exhibited antagonistic activity against nematodes which reduced final population levels between 18 and 93%, relative to those on nematode-alone control plants (p ≤ 0.0001), and 14 BAs treatments were statistically similar to the nematicide treatment (88% reduction). Twenty four BAs treatments had increments of plant root biomass ranging from 20 to 58%, greater than the control plants; 37% of the treatments with single and combined BAs inoculations had root length increments ranging from 29 to 54% compared with control and chemical treatment. The nematicide, Terbufos 10GR, did not affect plant growth.  相似文献   

Use of two PGPR strains in the integrated management of blast disease in rice (Oryza sativa) in Southern Spain     

J.A. Lucas  B. Ramos Solano  F. Montes  J. Ojeda  M. Megias  F.J. Gutierrez Mañero 《Field Crops Research》2009

Biocontrol capacity of two plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains, against blast disease in rice paddy fields in Southern Spain was studied in three cropping seasons. Both strains (Pseudomonas fluorescens Aur 6 and Chryseobacterium balustinum Aur 9) had already shown biocontrol capacity against pathogens, ability to induce systemic resistance against leaf pathogens and against salt stress in different plant species. Bacterial treatments were carried out on seeds and/or on leaves. Strains were inoculated individually and in combination. Protection against natural disease incidence was evaluated, and rice production and quality measured in 2005 and 2006 trials. In 2004, natural disease incidence was low (between 0.1% and 0.35% of damaged leaf surface) due to environmental conditions; under these conditions, both strains significantly protected plants against rice blast. In 2005, disease incidence was higher than in 2004, reaching higher values of affected leaf surface in controls. In these conditions, each strain individually protected rice against rice blast, although the combination of both strains was the most effective treatment. All three treatments (Aur 6, Aur 9 and Aur 6 + Aur 9) reached 50% protection in panicles, with Aur 9 being the most effective. In 2006, the most effective treatment was the combination of both strains on leaves in three physiological stages, suggesting a biocontrol mediated protection. On the other hand, when bacteria were applied to seeds, disease incidence decreased up to 50%, suggesting induction of systemic resistance. Finally, a direct relation between protection mediated by the PGPR and the increase in rice productivity (mT/ha) and quality (weight of 1000 seeds and number of intact grains after milling) was found.  相似文献   

两种拮抗酵母菌对桃果实贮藏期间主要病害的防治效果   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

林丽  田世平  秦国政  徐勇 《中国农业科学》2003,36(12):1535-1539

 观测和比较了两种拮抗酵母菌丝孢酵母 (Thichosporonpullulans)和罗伦隐球酵母 (Cryptococcuslauren tii)单独使用和与化学杀菌剂配合使用 ,对大久保桃果实采后软腐病和青霉病的防治效果。试验采取刺伤接种或直接浸泡桃果实两种方式 ,果实处理后分别贮藏于常温 (2 5℃ )和低温 (5℃ )条件下。结果表明 ,在两种贮藏温度下 ,刺伤后接种酵母菌的桃果实 ,其青霉病和软腐病的发病率都比对照果实低 ,病斑直径小。拮抗菌和低剂量的扑海因 (50 μg·ml- 1)配合使用比单独使用拮抗菌或扑海因的效果更佳。不接种病原菌的桃果实 ,采后的病害主要是软腐病和青霉病。用拮抗菌直接浸泡桃果实的试验结果表明 ,两种拮抗酵母菌均可达到与扑海因 (50 0 μg·ml- 1)相当的防治效果 ,都能显著地抑制桃果实采后病害的发生  相似文献   

木霉拮抗烟草赤星病菌菌株的筛选及其生防机制   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

王革  周晓罡  方敦煌  李天飞 《云南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2000,15(3):216-218

 利用诱捕法从土壤中分离得到18株木霉(Trichoderma spp.)菌株,采用对峙法从中测定、筛选出一株对烟草赤星病菌(Alternaria alternata)具有极强拮抗作用的菌株(Tv－1),光学显微镜及透射电镜观察结果表明,Tv－1菌株的生防机制主要为生长竞争、重寄生作用以及产生生物活性类物质使病菌菌丝消解的直接抗菌作用,表现为Tv－1菌株菌丝生长迅速;能附着、缠绕于病菌菌丝上,并产生吸器侵入菌丝;同时还能分泌使病菌菌丝原生质浓缩、断裂、消解的物质。  相似文献