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Summary Cellulases in forest litter and soil occur in both bound and extractable forms. The proportion of total bound endocellulase activity (not extractable) increases during decomposition, whereas the proportion of bound exocellulase activity remains fairly constant. The proportions of bound enzymes differ among litter types with different chemical compositions. The proportion of bound activity is higher in mineral soil than in litter. We also investigated the effects of anion type (NaCl versus Na2SO4), concentration and pH on the extractability of cellulases and protein in two horizons of two forest soils. The extractability of cellulases increases as pH increases from 3.5 to 5.6. Anion type and concentration did not have consistent effects on extractability. However, there was a trend for higher extractability by sulfate than by chloride and with increasing salinity. 相似文献
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对诱变后的特异腐质霉Humicolainsolens(YH-8)纤维素酶的催化性质进行了研究。结果表明:该酶的最适催化温度和pH值分别为65℃和6.0,在50℃以下酶的稳定性较好,70℃条件下底物对酶有较强的保护作用,该酶的pH稳定性范围为6.0￣9.0,Zn2 、K 、Li 对酶活有促进作用,Mn2 、Ca2 、Mg2 、Co2 、Fe2 、Fe3 对酶活起抑制作用,其中Fe3 对酶的抑制作用非常强,酶对CMC和水杨素有分解作用,而几乎不分解脱脂棉、微晶纤维素和滤纸。 相似文献
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瑞氏木霉(Trichoderma reesei)是研究纤维素降解的主要模式生物,具有很强的分泌纤维素酶的能力,但诱导纤维素酶基因转录表达的信号分子是什么,整个纤维素酶系的表达是如何被调控的等问题至今仍没有得到明确和合理的答案。初步的研究结果显示β-葡萄糖苷酶在纤维素酶诱导过程中具有重要作用。瑞氏木霉基因组序列测定结果表明,其胞内外存在7种β-葡萄糖苷酶。针对瑞氏木霉中β-葡萄糖苷酶的分类、结构特点、转录差异及其在纤维素酶快速诱导过程中的功能进行了综述和分析。 相似文献
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对诱变后的特异腐质霉Humicolainsolens(YH-8)纤维素酶的催化性质进行了研究。结果表明:该酶的最适催化温度和pH值分别为65℃和6.0,在50℃以下酶的稳定性较好,70℃条件下底物对酶有较强的保护作用,该酶的pH稳定性范围为6.0￣9.0,Zn2 、K 、Li 对酶活有促进作用,Mn2 、Ca2 、Mg2 、Co2 、Fe2 、Fe3 对酶活起抑制作用,其中Fe3 对酶的抑制作用非常强,酶对CMC和水杨素有分解作用,而几乎不分解脱脂棉、微晶纤维素和滤纸。 相似文献
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Lungisa Mayende 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2006,38(9):2963-2966
In composting, organic matter is degraded by cellulases and ligninolytic enzymes at temperatures typically above 50 °C. This study isolated thermophilic microorganisms from a compost system that were then screened for cellulase and polyphenol oxidase activity. Temperature optima for the cellulases and polyphenol oxidases were determined as 70 and 40 °C, respectively. Maximal cellulase activity was determined as 1.333 mg glucose released ml−1 min−1. Maximal polyphenol oxidase activity attained was 5.111 nmol phenol ml−1 min−1. Cellulases were found to be stable over a period of 1 h. The isolated compost microorganisms were identified as strains of Bacillus using 16S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis. 相似文献
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Jos A. Mercado Livio Trainotti Lara Jimnez-Bermúdez Nieves Santiago-Domnech Sara Pos Rosa Donolli Marta Barcel Giorgio Casadoro Fernando Pliego-Alfaro Miguel A. Quesada 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2010,55(1):8-14
In strawberry, Fragaria × ananassa Duch., fruit, two different endo-β-1,4-glucanase genes, FaEG1 and FaEG3, also named Cel1 and Cel2, are expressed during the softening process that occurs during fruit ripening. It has also been suggested that FaEG3, which contains a putative cellulose-binding domain, could play a key role in fruit development, since previous attempts to down-regulate this gene through transgenesis have been unsuccessful. In this investigation, we obtained transgenic strawberry plants containing an antisense sequence of the FaEG3 gene under the control of the 35S promoter. Ripened fruit from transgenic lines (Acel lines) showed large variation in FaEG3 silencing, but fruit firmness was similar to control fruit in all the lines. Two Acel lines showing almost 95% reductions in FaEG3 mRNA levels were selected for further study. In these lines, FaEG3 down-regulation was high, from 78 to 95%, at all fruit developmental stages, whereas FaEG1 was only slightly suppressed. In spite of the high FaEG3 silencing achieved, EGase activity was not modified in ripe fruit. At the cell wall level, walls from transgenic ripe fruit contained a significantly higher amount of the 4 M KOH fraction, which is enriched in hemicellulosic polymers. The analysis of this fraction by size exclusion chromatography showed that transgenic cell walls contained a smaller amount of higher molecular mass polymers than controls. Altogether, these results indicate that FaEG3 does not play a key role either in fruit development or fruit softening. However, its silencing affects the amount and, in a minor way, the size of hemicellulosic polymers. 相似文献
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桑粒肩天牛纤维素酶的性质研究 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15
桑粒肩天牛（ＡｐｒｉｏｎａｇｅｒｍａｒｉＨｏｐｅ）幼虫肠道内有完整的纤维素酶系，其中以内切－β－１，４－葡聚糖酶（Ｃｘ酶）活性最强、β－１，４－葡萄糖苷酶次之，外切－β－１，４－葡聚糖酶（Ｃ１酶）最弱、测定了Ｃｘ酶和β－１，４－葡萄糖苷酶的动力学特性以及金属离子对酶活性的影响。二者的最适作用ＰＨ值分别为４．４和５．６；最适作用温区分别为３０℃—４５℃和４５℃—５０℃；Ｃｘ酶经５０℃处理２ｈ酶活性仅下降１８．８％，而β－葡萄糖苷酶活性完全丧失。９种金属离子对纤维素酶都无明显激活作用，相反，除Ｈｇ＋＋和Ｐｂ＋＋对酶活性有强烈抑制作用外，Ｍｎ＋＋和Ｃｕ＋＋即使在０．００５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ低浓度下，对酶活性也有明显的抑制作用，这对今后开发酶抑制剂用于防治天牛等蛀干害虫，具有重要意义。 相似文献
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