Factors driving natural regeneration beneath a planted urban forest     

《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2018

Cities around the world are investing in urban forest plantings as a form of green infrastructure. The aim is that these plantations will develop into naturally-regenerating native forest stands. However, woody plant recruitment is often cited as the most limiting factor to creating self-sustaining urban forests. As such, there is interest in site treatments that promote recruitment of native woody species and simultaneously suppress woody non-native recruitment. We tested how three, common site treatments—compost, nurse shrubs, and tree species composition (six-species vs. two-species)—affected woody plant recruitment in 54 experimental plots beneath a large-scale tree planting within a high-traffic urban park. We identified naturally regenerating seedling and sapling species and measured their abundance six-years after the site was planted. This enabled us to examine initial recruitment dynamics (i.e. seedlings) and gain a better understanding of seedling success as they transition to the midstory (i.e. saplings). Seedling and sapling recruitment (native and total) was greater in areas with higher canopy cover. The combination of the nurse shrub treatment with compost and species composition (six-species) treatments increased seedling recruitment by 47% and 156%, respectively; however, the nurse shrub treatment by itself decreased seedling recruitment by 5% and native seedling recruitment by 35%. The compost treatment alone had no effect on the total number of recruits but resulted in 76% more non-native seedlings. The sizes of these treatment effects were strongly dependent on whether the forest plantings were in open areas, versus areas with existing tree canopy, the latter condition facilitating recruitment. Our findings therefore suggest that combinations of site treatments, paired with broad canopy tree species, may be most effective for promoting regeneration of native species resulting in more self-sustaining urban forests.  相似文献   

sikFBA4基因启动子的克隆及低温表达模式分析     

张尧  李忠晴  王爱英  祝建波 《草业学报》2018,27(12):199-207

天山雪莲生长于常年积雪覆盖高海拔处的高山区域,具有很强的极端低温生境适应能力,属于研究植物低温适应的良好模式植物。前期的研究表明,sikFBA4基因可以显著提高番茄的抗寒能力。为进一步研究sikFBA4基因的耐寒响应模式,以天山雪莲为材料,采用实时荧光定量PCR分析sikFBA4在低温胁迫下的表达模式;利用高效热不对称PCR法(Hi-Tail PCR)克隆sikFBA4启动子序列并进行生物信息学分析。为分析PsikFBA4序列克隆的完整性及转录表达特性,将PsikFBA4与GUS基因融合在烟草中进行瞬时表达。结果表明,sikFBA4在低温胁迫条件下的表达发生瞬时显著上调,并在1 h达到峰值,而后表达下调。通过启动子克隆分析,在PsikFBA4序列-1648 bp位置处具有冷响应元件LTRE;进一步的GUS染色和酶活力测定结果表明,低温能够显著提高GUS基因的表达活性,说明sikFBA4属于低温诱导型基因。SikFBA4基因启动子的克隆、序列分析以及表达分析,为进一步探究雪莲果糖-1,6-二磷酸醛缩酶(sikFBAs)基因的表达与调控机制奠定了基础。  相似文献   

菊花ClERF1基因的克隆与表达分析     

任镘蓉  全英杰  岳圆圆  杨文婷  何子涵  高日 《北方园艺》2021,(1):66-72

以甘菊叶片为试验材料,采用RT-PCR和Tail-PCR以及生物信息学的方法,研究了甘菊ClERF1及其启动子序列特征、表达模式,以及甘菊ClERF1在低温胁迫下的响应。以期为进一步研究甘菊ClERF1功能提供参考依据。结果表明:ClERF1基因序列全长1 242 bp,最大开放阅读框(ORF)618 bp,可编码206个氨基酸。经理化性质分析,ClERF1分子量23 631.35 Da,理论等电点5.19,不稳定系数53.84,脂肪指数62.04,平均亲水性-0.786,亚细胞定位在细胞核内。系统进化树表明,ClERF1与拟南芥At3g23240亲缘关系最近,属于ERF亚家族。qRT-PCR分析表明ClERF1在叶片中表达最高,其次在茎段中。该研究克隆了ClERF1启动子序列1 534 bp,主要包括低温反应和乙烯响应元件、生长素和茉莉酸甲酯反应元件等。甘菊低温处理幼苗ClERF1表达量显著高于未低温处理的幼苗,其中5℃时ClERF1相对表达量最高。  相似文献   

荔枝FKBP16-2基因启动子的克隆与瞬时表达分析     

孙琴  孙进华  王树军  李焕苓  王家保 《热带作物学报》2016,37(4):736-741

前期研究中发现了一个果肉低表达而叶片中高表达的荔枝基因FKBP16-2。本文克隆了该基因1 578 bp的启动子片段并对其功能进行了初步分析,结果表明:荔枝FKBP16-2基因启动子序列中含有大量的TATA-box和CAAT-box保守元件,以及TCA-element,ARE,HSE,GCN4_motif,O2-site等各种转录调控相关的顺式作用元件。该启动子能驱动GUS基因在荔枝的花、叶、根、果皮以及种子中表达而在果肉中不表达,表达具有组织特异性。  相似文献   

鸡脂肪组织TCF21基因启动子区DNA甲基化与其表达的关系   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

刘雨萌  马艳艳  姜海煦  张心扬  武春艳  程博涵  李辉 《畜牧兽医学报》2021,52(12):3375-3389

旨在研究鸡脂肪组织中TCF21基因启动子区DNA甲基化水平与其表达的关系。以东北农业大学高、低腹脂双向选择品系（简称高、低脂系）第24世代7周龄肉鸡为试验材料，利用RT-qPCR检测高、低脂系肉鸡腹部脂肪组织中TCF21基因的mRNA表达水平；利用生物信息学和双荧光素酶报告系统分析TCF21基因启动子的结构与功能；利用Sequenom MassARRAY飞行质谱检测高、低脂系肉鸡腹部脂肪组织中TCF21基因启动子区CpG位点的甲基化水平；利用CpG甲基转移酶处理TCF21启动子报告基因质粒，分析DNA甲基化对TCF21基因启动子活性的影响。结果显示，高脂系肉鸡腹部脂肪组织中TCF21基因的mRNA表达水平极显著高于低脂系（P<0.001）；TCF21基因的启动子区存在40个CpG位点，且在启动子的近端和远端均有分布，但不存在CpG岛；将TCF21基因的启动子划分为5个功能区域，分别为R1区域（-2 000~-1 500 bp）、R2区域（-1 500~-1 000 bp）、R3区域（-1 000~-500 bp）、R4区域（-500~-200 bp）和Core区域（-200~-100 bp）；高脂系R2、R3和R2+R3区域的DNA甲基化水平显著或极显著高于低脂系（P<0.05或P<0.001）；R2、R3、R2+R3区域的DNA甲基化水平与TCF21基因mRNA表达水平呈显著正相关（R2区域：r=0.438，P<0.05；R3区域：r=0.371，P<0.05；R2+R3区域：r=0.489，P<0.05）；R2区域的DNA甲基化显著抑制其转录活性（P<0.05）。综上所述，TCF21基因在高、低脂系肉鸡腹部脂肪组织中的表达水平主要与其启动子R2区域的DNA甲基化水平有关。  相似文献   

Polymorphism of P53‐Ets/AP1 transactivation region of MDM2 oncogene and its immunohistochemical analysis in canine tumours          下载免费PDF全文

A. Rezaie  M. R. Tabandeh  S. M. A. Noori 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2016,14(2):137-146

Mouse Double Minute‐2 (MDM2) is an ubiquitin ligase which is overexpressed or its promoter polymorphism has been reported in different tumours. The objective of this study was to examine the MDM2 protein expression and its promoter polymorphism in some canine tumours. Twenty specimens were collected from 20 dogs with 15 mammary gland carcinomas, 3 lymphomas, 1 transmissible venereal tumour and 1 trichoblastoma. Samples were analysed immunohistochemically using human antibody against MDM2 protein. PCR and DNA sequencing were carried out to identify MDM2 promoter polymorphism. MDM2 gene was expressed in 13 of 20 samples including 11 mammary carcinomas, 1 lymphoma and 1 trichoblastoma. We found 94% homology between canine and human sequences. Four mutations including G169C, A177G, G291T and A177G were identified in different types of breast carcinomas. An extra p53 response element was found in a mixed mammary carcinoma.  相似文献   

Two single nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter of the ovine myostatin gene (MSTN) and their effect on growth and carcass muscle traits in New Zealand Romney sheep          下载免费PDF全文

J. Wang  H. Zhou  J. Hu  S. Li  Y. Luo  J.G.H. Hickford 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2016,133(3):219-226

Myostatin is a negative regulator of muscle growth and development in mammals, and variation in ovine myostatin gene (MSTN) has been demonstrated to be associated with variation in the muscularity of sheep. Polymerase chain reaction–single‐stranded conformational polymorphism (PCR–SSCP) was used to look for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a 304‐bp amplicon from the promoter region of ovine MSTN. Sequence analyses revealed two previously identified SNPs (c.?2449G/C and c. ?2379T/C) that resulted in three haplotypes (H₁ (c.[?2449G; ?2379C]), H₂ (c.[?2449C; ?2379C]) and H₃ (c.[?2449G; ?2379T]). The effect of these SNPs on growth and carcass traits was investigated in 357 NZ Romney lambs. General linear mixed‐effect models revealed that sheep with the genotype c.?2449GC had a higher loin meat yield (p = 0.032) and proportion loin yield (p = 0.028), than those with the genotype c.?2449GG. The genotype c.?2379CC was associated with an increase in three weight traits: birthweight (p = 0.003), tailing weight (p = 0.009) and weaning weight (p = 0.028), when compared with the genotype c.?2379TC, but it was not found to have an association with growth rate. This suggests that c.?2379T/C has an effect that originates at, or before birth. Haplotype H₃ was associated with a decrease in birthweight (p = 0.002), tailing weight (p = 0.003) and weaning weight (p = 0.011). Haplotype H₂ was associated with increased loin yield (p = 0.012) and proportion loin yield (p = 0.002). The SNPs may have value as genetic markers for improved Romney breeding.  相似文献   

玉米乙烯应答元件结合蛋白基因启动子克隆与功能验证     

刘鑫  邹郁陶  牟巍  李晚忱  付凤玲 《核农学报》2016,(4):629-637

为了给玉米转基因研究提供更多的非生物逆境诱导启动子,寻找只在逆境胁迫条件下适当驱动外源抗逆基因的表达,在生物信息学分析的基础上,克隆与水稻DREB1B转录因子基因同源的玉米乙烯应答元件结合蛋白基因sb CBF6的启动子psb CBF6,在非生物逆境应答元件分析和实时定量PCR验证其非生物逆境胁迫响应特性后,用以构建驱动报告基因GUS的表达载体,并使用基因枪法转化玉米愈伤组织,通过愈伤组织的GUS荧光值与荧光素酶发光值的比值,评价psb CBF6启动子在非生物逆境胁迫及激素诱导条件下的驱动活性。结果表明,sb CBF6基因在各种非生物逆境胁迫下差异表达。psb CBF6启动子长1 479 bp,存在多种与非生物逆境胁迫应答相关的调控元件,可在非生物胁迫条件下驱动外源抗逆基因在转基因植物中诱导表达。试验结果为研究抗逆转基因玉米提了供参考。  相似文献   

脲酶抑制剂NBPT对鸡粪好氧堆肥的保氮效果   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张发宝  顾文杰  徐培智  解开治  唐拴虎  陈建生  杨少海 《中国生态农业学报》2010,18(3):643-648

利用堆肥反应器, 以鸡粪和蘑菇渣为原料进行好氧堆肥, 在堆肥中添加不同浓度的脲酶抑制剂NBPT, 研究其对堆肥氮素转化的影响及保氮效果。结果表明: 添加不同浓度的脲酶抑制剂NBPT对堆肥进程中温度无显著影响, 在堆肥的高温阶段可有效控制堆料pH的升高, 在堆肥高温前期的0~10 d可有效降低堆肥的脲酶活性, 在堆肥中后期10~25 d明显提高全氮含量。堆肥25 d后, 添加0.04 mL·kg^-1、0.08 mL·kg^-1、0.16 mL·kg^-1脲酶抑制剂NBPT分别比CK减少氮素损失6.61%、4.89%和13.51%。堆肥过程中, 堆料铵态氮含量呈升-降-升-降的双峰趋势, 且大部分时间CK处理的铵态氮含量高于添加脲酶抑制剂NBPT处理, 且CK处理铵态氮的两次升高速度均高于添加脲酶抑制剂NBPT处理。在堆肥的升温和高温期硝态氮含量不稳定, 但堆肥结束时, 各添加脲酶抑制剂NBPT处理的硝态氮含量显著高于CK处理。本试验结果表明, 在堆肥过程中添加脲酶抑制剂NBPT可延缓鸡粪中的尿素态氮向铵态氮的转化, 增加堆肥成品中的硝态氮含量。在畜禽粪好氧堆肥中加入脲酶抑制NBPT可起到一定的保氮作用。  相似文献   

番茄果实特异性启动子2A11的基因克隆及功能研究     

林炳英  李梅  林德钦  金志强 《中国农学通报》2006,22(10):62-62

采用巢式PCR技术从番茄基因组DNA克隆到长度1.3kp的果实特异性2A11启动子基因。序列分析表明,克隆到的基因序列2A11启动子转录起始位点上游的621bp处缺失了已报道的番茄2A11启动子基因（GenBank ID M87659,1993）序列中的“tatattgttaacttcttgttgaattaaagcaat”片段,其同源性为61%,登入GenBank,ID号为DQ453963;构建植物表达载体pCAMBIA2A11,用农杆菌介导侵染番茄果实,GUS基因瞬间表达结果表明,该2A11启动子基因具有驱动GUS基因在番茄果实中特异性表达的功能。研究结果表明成功地获得2A11果实特异性启动子基因,为下一步转基因番茄口服疫苗的研制奠定了一定的基础。  相似文献