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An Erratum for this article has been published in Pest Management Science 56(5) 493 (2000). The degradation of the insecticide lindane (γ‐hexachlorocyclohexane, γ‐HCH) by two white‐rot fungi, Cyathus bulleri and Phanerochaete sordida, was studied. C bulleri degraded lindane more efficiently than P sordida. Two degradative intermediates identified in P sordida culture were tetrachlorocyclohexene and tetrachlorocyclohexanol. However, tetrachlorocyclohexanol was the sole degradation product detected in cultures of C bulleri. The presence of lindane only inside the mycelial cells of both fungi eliminated any role of intracellular enzymes during initial steps of its degradation. The insecticide at 0.27 µM showed no adverse effect on fungal growth. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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研究利用黄孢原毛平革菌(Phanerochaete Chrysosporium Burdsall)对稻草秸秆进行固态发酵,在单因素基础上,通过正交试验得出稻草秸秆木质素的降解最优条件为6.5 g稻草,合成培养液12 mL,接种量0.8 mL(菌悬液浓度5×106 CFU/mL),初始pH值4.5,测得木质素降解率为49.71％.采用扫描电镜SEM对发酵后10d稻草表观形貌进行观察,结果清晰可见,发酵后稻草秸秆表面的空穴增多、增大,表面粗糙度增加,裂解现象明显. 相似文献
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考察不同温度(37℃、38℃、39℃)、时间(8 d、9 d、10 d)、含水量(55%、60%、65%)和接种量(按V/W的10%、20%、30%)组合对黄孢原毛平革菌降解白酒糟中木质素的影响。研究表明:当接种量为10%、含水量为60%,在39℃下发酵10 d,可使白酒糟中木质素降解率达到5.93%;4个因素对黄孢原毛平革菌降解白酒糟中木质素影响的主次顺序为:时间,含水量,温度,接种量;本实验条件下最优发酵组合为:时间为10 d,接种量为10%,温度为38℃,含水量为65%。 相似文献
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白腐菌及黑曲霉对玉米秸秆生物降解的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用白腐菌5.776和黑曲霉3.3148对玉米秸秆木质纤维素进行降解,以提高反刍动物对玉米秸秆的消化利用。先对白腐菌和黑曲霉降解玉米秸秆木质纤维素的能力进行了研究,在此基础上,采用正交试验,探索白腐菌和黑曲霉混合后对玉米秸秆的降解效果。结果表明,接种比例、黑曲霉接入时间,接种比例与黑曲霉接入时间的交互作用以及发酵时间对混菌发酵降解玉米秸秆都有显著影响(P<0.05)。最佳方案为:白腐菌液体菌种和黑曲霉孢子悬浮液的接种比例为5:1,白腐菌接种2 d后再接入黑曲霉孢子悬浮液,发酵10 d,所得产物中性洗涤纤维的含量为52.07%,真蛋白为7.89%,干物质损失率为18.75%。 相似文献
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黄孢原毛平革菌对玉米秸秆木质素的降解研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
农作物秸秆还田是目前合理利用秸秆资源的有效方法之一,但不经预处理直接还田存在着许多不足之处.笔者通过分析玉米秸秆在黄孢原毛平革菌处理条件下木质素的降解情况,筛选出黄孢原毛平革菌对玉米秸秆木质素降解的最佳粒度与时间,为今后经济高效的还田产业提供理论基础.研究结果表明,黄孢原毛平革菌对大粒度的玉米秸秆(4~5和1~3 cm)较小粒度(0.5 cm)的降解效果好.在动态降解过程中,玉米秸秆的降解速率出现了两个高峰期,但不同粒度高峰期出现的时间略有不同.3种粒度的玉米秸秆分别在接菌35,40和35 d后累计降解率达到最大,其值分别为21.6%,35.6%和45.2%.综合比较,粒度为4~5 cm的玉米秸秆接种黄孢原毛平革菌35 d后,玉米秸秆达到最佳降解效果. 相似文献
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通过在发酵罐中液体发酵产漆酶,在发酵罐中筛选黄孢原毛平革菌液体发酵产漆酶的最佳条件.试验选取已优化的白腐真菌液态发酵培养基进行培养,在发酵罐中进行单因素和多因素正交试验,对其在发酵罐中发酵产酶条件进行优化.选取的白腐真菌黄孢子原毛平革菌的最佳发酵生产条件为:温度28℃、转速300r/min、通气量5L/min(通气比1.0vvm)、pH值5、接种量为15%.在此条件下最高产酶水平可达14.86U/mL. 相似文献
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The hyphal sheath is a morphological feature of many kinds of fungi. Although the fine structures of the sheath have been
studied in detail by a number of electron microscopy techniques, the function and physiology of the hyphal sheath are not
yet clarified. One reason for this is that the hyphal sheath is a colorless, mucilaginous, and delicate material so that it
is not easily identified. We developed a simple method to visualize and identify the hyphal sheath of the white-rot fungus
Phanerochaete crassa WD1694. The small mycelial pellets in shaken liquid cultures of P. crassa WD1694 were stained directly with phloxine B. Both the hyphae and the hyphal sheath that filled the gaps between each of
the hyphae were visualized and observed by light microscopy. The stained hyphae were further studied by transmission electron
microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and fl uorescence microscopy. Based on these observations, we confirmed that the staining
of the hyphae was also due to the presence of the hyphal sheath that closely covered the fungal cell wall. These results clearly
showed that the hyphal sheath was selectively stained with phloxine B and could be observed and identified by conventional
light microscopy.
Part of this report was presented at the 50th Lignin Symposium, Nagoya, October 2005 相似文献
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Chemical analysis of an M1 agar plate cultivation of a marine fish-gut-derived fungus, Chrysosporium sp. CMB-F214, revealed the known chrysosporazines A–D (11–14) in addition to a suite of very minor aza analogues 1–6. A microbioreactor (MATRIX) cultivation profiling analysis failed to deliver cultivation conditions that significantly improved the yields of 1–6; however, it did reveal that M2 agar cultivation produced the new natural product 15. A precursor-directed biosynthesis strategy adopting supplementation of a CMB-F214 M1 solid agar culture with sodium nicotinate enhanced production of otherwise inaccessible azachrysposorazines A1 (1), A2 (2), B1 (3), C1 (4), C2 (5) and D1 (6), in addition to four new chrysosporazines; chrysosporazines N–P (7–9) and spirochrysosporazine A (10). Structures inclusive of absolute configurations were assigned to 1–15 based on detailed spectroscopic and chemical analyses, and biosynthetic considerations. Non-cytotoxic to human carcinoma cells, azachrysosporazies 1–5 were capable of reversing doxorubicin resistance in P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-overexpressing human colon carcinoma cells (SW620 Ad300), with optimum activity exhibited by the C-2′ substituted analogues 3–5. 相似文献