牛奶葡萄贮藏中SO_2伤害及调控措施研究     

孔秋莲  修德仁  胡文玉  张华云  李丽秀  章丽丽 《果树学报》2001,18(1)

牛奶葡萄采后SO2双重释放装置辅以CT－1处理不但有效降低了药害发生率，而且提高了贮藏效果。在此基础上辅以采前喷布内含杀菌剂的壳多糖，牛奶葡萄可达到更佳贮藏效果，在1998年生长季发生全国性洪水灾害，田间带菌量剧增，各地葡萄贮藏效果极差情况下，参试的牛奶葡萄腐烂率只有1．6％，果梗鲜绿，褐变指数只有0．4％，药害率仅为1．0％，果肉亚硫酸盐残留仅为0．067 mg／kg。  相似文献   

纤维素酶渣替代黄豆饲喂杂交奶牛试验   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王尚荣  王放银  何华西 《中国草食动物》2005,25(2):46-47

采用纤维素酶渣替代黄豆对西黄杂奶牛(西门塔尔×本地黄牛)作饲喂对比试验,并对其产奶量及奶品质进行观察。结果表明:试验组比对照组牛日产奶量平均提高1 88kg,其乳蛋白和乳糖含量也有不同程度的提高。  相似文献   

速生林木材液化及其产物应用研究     

巫国富  许忠允  潘晖 《安徽农业科学》2011,39(5):2776-2777

[目的]为速生桉树木材液化及其产物的应用提供参考。[方法]以硫酸为催化剂,苯酚为液化剂,对速生人工林桉树木材进行液化,并取液化产物与甲醛进行树脂化反应制备液化木基酚醛树脂LWPF,研究液比对液化反应效率、液化产物重均分子量及LWPF树脂胶合性能的影响。[结果]随着液比的提高,液化产物的残渣率及重均分子量均降低,而LWPF树脂制得的胶合板的木破率提高;当液比提高到一定程度后,液化产物的残渣率和重均分子量及LWPF树脂所制胶合板的木破率变化不明显。[结论]对速生桉树木材的液化工艺及其液化产物的树脂化合成工艺进行了优化。  相似文献   

分子印迹技术在兽用抗生素残留分析中的应用进展     

王晓通  李臣贵 《中国兽药杂志》2021,55(9):50-56

随着规模化养殖业发展,兽用抗生素大量使用,不合理甚至违法添加使用导致的残留现象已成为威胁动物源食品安全的重要因素,迫切需要建立灵敏可靠的残留分析方法。从复杂的生物样品中提取纯化微量的残留药物是制约兽药残留检测方法建立的关键。分子印迹技术具有特异性强、灵敏度高、操作简便等优点,在兽药残留检测研究中得到越来越多重视。文章主要综述了分子印迹聚合物的最新制备方法及在兽用抗生素残留分析中的最新研究进展。  相似文献   

乐斯本乳油在小麦和土壤中的残留试验   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

戴荣彩  陈莉  陈家梅  夏福利  余苹中 《华北农学报》2006,21(1):133-135

2000~2001年分别在北京市郊区和武汉市郊区进行了48%乐斯本乳油在小麦和土壤中残留消解规律和最终残留量的研究。结果表明,其有效成分毒死蜱在小麦上的半衰期为2.5~4.2 d,土壤上的半衰期为3.7~9.5 d;在用量375~750 g/hm2、施用1~2次的情况下,小麦麦粉中残留量为未检出(<0.011)~0.038 mg/kg,麦秸中残留量为未检出(<0.045)~0.960 mg/kg,土壤中残留量则均未检出(<0.006 mg/kg)。  相似文献   

HPLC紫外法同时检测生鲜乳中环丙沙星和恩诺沙星残留     

陈海荣吕世明  谭艾娟等 《安徽农业科学》2014,(6):1724-1725,1728

[目的]建立能同时检测环丙沙星和恩诺沙星残留的HPLC紫外检测法。[方法]采用10%三氯乙酸为提取液,直接从生鲜乳中提取环丙沙星和恩诺沙星,并进行HPLC检测。[结果]环丙沙星和恩诺沙星的最低检测限为5μg/L,在10~200μg/L浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系(r0.99),平均回收率为84%~112%,变异系数均小于5%。[结论]该方法不仅除蛋白和脂肪效果好,而且回收率较为理想,可以很好满足确证方法的要求,且重现性好。  相似文献   

秸秆发电和气化残余物作为肥料在水稻生产上的应用研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王前进  李辉信  李克才  周阿永  焦加国 《土壤通报》2013,(1):155-160

秸秆发电和气化残余物(下称草木灰),其含有丰富的大量和中微量元素,如K、Ca、P、Mg、Si、Cu、Zn、B等,其中钾含量尤为丰富。而水稻是一种喜钾和硅的作物。将草木灰作为钾肥应用于水稻的生产上,一方面可节约生产成本,另一方面还可以改善大米的品质;但草木灰同时还含有重金属元素,过量的施入势必会带来土壤环境的恶化,本文通过分析土壤中和大米中重金属含量的变化,得出本试验中草木灰的施入不会引起环境的恶化;从生产成本和水稻产量与品质上综合考虑得出处理木灰1 50%替代化学钾肥和草木灰2 75%替代化学钾肥是最佳施肥处理。  相似文献   

The effects of long-term conservation tillage, crop residues and P fertilizer on soil conditions and responses of summer and winter crops on an Andosol in Japan     

Hiroyuki Tsuji  Hiroyuki Yamamoto  Kazuyuki Matsuo  Kazuei Usuki 《Soil & Tillage Research》2006,89(2):167-176

A field experiment was conducted from 1983 to 1992 in Tsukuba, Japan to investigate the effects of tillage on soil conditions and crop growth in a light-colored Andosol. Three tillage methods (NT: no-tillage, RT: no-tillage for summer cropping and moldboard plowing for winter cropping, and CT: conventional rotary tillage to a depth of 15 cm) were employed in combination with crop residue application (+R, −R) and fused magnesium phosphate (FMP) fertilization (+P, −P). Under the combination of NT and +R, diurnal variation of soil temperature at a depth of 5 cm was smaller during the summer cropping season and soil temperature in the daytime was lower during the winter cropping season than under CT. Soil inorganic N concentration at a depth of 0–30 cm was +R > −R and NT > RT > CT. The early growth of summer crops was accelerated under NT in comparison with CT, and yields were higher under NT and RT in comparison with CT. On the other hand, winter crop yields were significantly reduced under NT, while they were still higher under RT in comparison with CT. Yields were higher with +R and +P application, respectively, and these effects were more pronounced in winter cropping. The positive effect of FMP fertilization was greater in combination with NT, and that of residue treatment was greater in combination with RT and NT than with CT. In conclusion, the best tillage practice for Andosols on the Kanto Plain is RT, i.e. a combination of NT for summer cropping and CT for winter cropping. The application of NT for winter cropping is not recommended, although the application of phosphate and crop residues could reduce the risk of yield reduction, because of improved soil nutrient status and moderation of diurnal soil temperature.  相似文献   

Influence of wheat residue management on irrigated corn grain production in a reduced tillage system     

M.J. Bahrani  M.H. Raufat  H. Ghadiri 《Soil & Tillage Research》2007,94(2):305-309

Management of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) residues for corn (Zea mays L.) planting is an important issue in southern parts of Iran where these two irrigated crops are consecutively grown. Concerns have been raised in recent years over the burning of the crop residues by farmers in these areas. A 2-year (2001–2002) field experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments consisted of irrigated corn planted, after burning wheat residues followed by conventional tillage (CT), after residue removal followed by CT, after soil incorporation of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of residue followed by chisel plow, disk harrow, and row crop planter equipped with row cleaner. The CT operations consisted of mollboard plowing followed by two times disk harrowing. Treatments had significant effects on corn grain yield, biological yield, and leaf area index. The highest grain yield (15.73 t ha⁻¹) and grains per ear (709.3) were obtained when 25–50% of wheat residues were soil incorporated and the seeds were sown with planter equipped with row cleaner in both years as compared with conventional tillage practices. It is recommended that complete residue removal or burning should be avoided; hence for successful corn production after wheat, residue management techniques that reduce residue level in the row area should be implemented.  相似文献   

Differential and successive effects of residue quality and soil mineral N on water-stable aggregation during crop residue decomposition     

C. Le Guillou  D.A. Angers  S. Menasseri-Aubry 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2011,43(9):1955-1960

Residue quality has been shown to influence soil water-stable aggregation (WSA) during crop residue decomposition, but there is still little information about its interactive effect with soil mineral N availability. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of soil mineral N on WSA during the decomposition of two high-C/N crop residues (wheat straw with C/N = 125.6 and miscanthus straw with C/N = 311.3). The two crop residues were combined with three mineral N addition rates (0, 60, and 120 mg N kg⁻¹ dry soil). Respiration, soil mineral N content, and WSA (expressed as mean-weight diameter, MWD) were measured on several dates during a 56-d incubation. The effect of decomposing crop residues on WSA followed two phases. (i) Between 0 and 7 d, the increase in WSA was related to intrinsic residue quality with higher decomposability of the wheat straw resulting in higher WSA. (ii) Thereafter, and until the end of the experiment, mineral N addition rates had a predominant but negative influence on WSA. In this second phase, the average MWD of residue-treated soils was 0.92, 0.55, and 0.44 mm for the 0, 60 and 120 mg N kg⁻¹ dry soil addition rates, respectively. Mineral N addition which did result in higher crop residue decomposition did not lead to higher WSA. WSA during crop residue decomposition is therefore not simply positively related to the induced microbial activity, and changes in microbial community composition with differential effects on WSA must be involved. The impact of high-C/N crop residues inputs on WSA, initially assumed to be low, could actually be strong and long-lasting in situations with low soil mineral N content.  相似文献