Can wild relatives of sorghum provide new sources of resistance or tolerance against Striga species?     

A L Gurney  M C Press  & J D Scholes 《Weed Research》2002,42(4):317-324

Summary The genus Striga contains some of the most noxious parasitic plants, which have a devastating impact on cereal production in Africa; of most importance are Striga hermonthica and Striga asiatica . Complete resistance to infection by Striga species does not exist in cultivated cereals. Of great interest is the possibility that wild relatives of cereals may provide a genetic basis for resistance or tolerance to infection and may be of enormous value for the development of resistant crops. A wild relative of cultivated sorghum, Sorghum arundinaceum , demonstrated tolerance to infection by S. asiatica , with little impact of S. asiatica on host growth or grain production compared with the detrimental impact of the parasite on cultivated sorghum. Infection by S.hermonthica , however, had a significant influence on host performance for both wild and cultivated sorghum. Differences in host:parasite responses may be explained by the timing of parasite attachment and differences in host specificity for these two Striga species.  相似文献   

Screening of Ethiopian sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) landraces for their performance under Striga hermonthica ‐infested conditions          下载免费PDF全文

Mesfin Abate  Temam Hussien  Wondimu Bayu  Fasil Reda 《Plant Breeding》2017,136(5):652-662

Striga hermonthica is a major constraint to sorghum production and productivity in sub‐Saharan Africa, Ethiopia, in particular. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of 49 sorghum genotypes based on their reaction to S. hermonthica and investigate the relationships among yield and Striga resistance traits, including the Striga emergence count, area under Striga number progress curve, area under Striga severity progress curve, grain yield under infested, grain yield under non‐infested conditions and relative yield loss. The genotypes differed significantly in all measured parameters under Striga‐infested and non‐infested conditions. The genotypes ‘Birhan’, ‘Gubiye’, Wolegie, Zegerie, Nechmashila I, Woftel, Tetron and Eyssa were identified as promising ones based on grain yield and Striga‐related traits. On the other hand, the genotypes Jamyo, Bobie, Gedido, Mankebar and Zengada had moderate Striga numbers with low relative yield loss as compared with susceptible checks. The most promising variety, Zegerie, Mankebar and Zengada, out yielded the standard resistant checks ‘Birhan’ and ‘Gubiye’ under Striga infestation. Ward cluster analysis grouped the 49 sorghum genotypes in to four distinct clusters under Striga‐infested conditions. All members of clusters II and III showed the highest yielding group with the lowest to moderate Striga number, while cluster IV supported the lowest yield with the highest Striga number. Significant negative correlations were observed between yield‐ and Striga‐related traits. Highly significant and strong correlations were observed among Striga resistance indices, indicating that any of the Striga resistance parameters can be used as an indicator of resistance. The wide variations in grain yield among genotypes under Striga‐infested conditions would be invaluable genetic resources for production in Striga endemic areas of Ethiopia.  相似文献   

Triazolide strigolactone mimics as potent selective germinators of parasitic plant Phelipanche ramosa     

Marcela Dvorakova  Adela Hylova  Petr Soudek  Sarka Petrova  Lukas Spichal  Tomas Vanek 《Pest management science》2019,75(7):2049-2056

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Virulence characteristics of a new race of the parasitic angiosperm,Striga gesnerioides,from southern Benin on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)     

J. A. Lane  T. H. M. Moore  D. V. Child  K. F. Cardwell  B. B. Singh  J. A. Bailey 《Euphytica》1993,72(3):183-188

An in vitro growth system was used to determine the virulence of two samples of Striga gesnerioides from Zakpota in southern Benin. Cowpea variety B301, previously considered resistant to all races of S. gesnerioides, was susceptible to both samples of the parasite. Two other cowpea varieties, 58–57 and IT81D-994, were totally resistant. Resistance in 58–57 was associated with a hypersensitive necrosis of infected roots, whilst IT81D-994 supported production of small S. gesnerioides tubercles with stems which failed to develop. Striga gesnerioides from southern Benin is the fourth race of the parasite to be identified, and the first with virulence on variety B301. The implications for breeding cowpeas with resistance to S. gesnerioides are discussed.Abbreviations IITA International Institute of Tropical Agriculture - LARS Long Ashton Research Station - SAFGRAD Semi-Arid Food Grain Research and Development  相似文献   

Pattern analysis of genotype × environment interaction for striga resistance and grain yield in African sorghum trials     

B.I.G. Haussmann  D.E. Hess  B.V.S. Reddy  S.Z. Mukuru  M. Kayentao  H.G. Welz  H.H. Geiger 《Euphytica》2001,122(2):297-308

The parasitic weed Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. seriously limits sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] production in Sub-Saharan Africa. As an outbreeder, S. hermonthica is highly variable with an extraordinary capacity to adapt to different hosts and environments, thereby complicating resistance breeding. To study genotype x environment (G x E) interaction for striga resistance and grain yield, nine sorghum lines, 36 F₂ populations and five local checks were grown under striga infestation at two locations in both Mali and Kenya. Mean squares due to genotypes and G x E interaction were highly significant for both sorghum grain yield and area under striga severity progress curve(ASVPC, a measure of striga emergence and vigor throughout the season). For grain yield, the entry x location-within-country interaction explained most of the total G x E while for ASVPC, entry x country and entry x location-within-country interactions were equally important. Pattern analysis (classification and ordination techniques) was applied to the environment-standardized matrix of entry x environment means. The classification clearly distinguished Malian from Kenyan locations for ASVPC, but not for grain yield. Performance plots for different entry groups showed differing patterns of adaptation. The ordination biplot underlined the importance of entry x country interaction for ASVPC. The F₂ derived from the cross of the striga-resistant line Framida with the striga-tolerant cultivar Seredo was the superior entry for both grain yield and ASVPC, underlining the importance of combining resistance with tolerance in striga resistance breeding. The observed entry x country interaction for ASVPC may be due to the entries' different reactions to climatic conditions and putative differences in striga virulence in Mali and Kenya. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Relationships between Agronomic Practices, Soil Chemical Characteristics and Striga Reproduction in Dryland Areas of Tanzania     

Kudra Abdul  George N. Chemining＇wa  Richard N. Onwonga 《农业科学与技术》2012,(10):1134-1141

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Combining ability of yield and yield components among Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. strigae-compatible and Striga-resistant sorghum genotypes     

Emmanuel Mrema  Hussein Shimelis  Mark Laing 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2020,70(2):95-108

ABSTRACT

Use of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] cultivars with partial resistance to Striga spp. and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. strigae (FOS) represents a novel strategy to control Striga. This study aimed to identify the nature of gene action controlling grain yield and yield components and to select promising sorghum crosses possessing both FOS compatibility and Striga resistance, along with good combining ability effects. One-hundred hybrids, developed from pairwise matings among 10 FOS compatible, high-yielding female lines and 10 Striga-resistant male lines, were evaluated with and without FOS inoculation. The F₁s were field evaluated at three locations in Tanzania known for their severe Striga infestation, using an alpha lattice design with two replications. General (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) variances were significant for grain yield per plant, hundred-seed weight, plant height, flowering time and the number of Striga plants. The study demonstrated FOS inoculation to be an effective means of controlling Striga. Families 675?×?672, AS435?×?3993 and 4643?×?AS436 displaying large SCA effects for grain yield, and 4567?×?AS429, 3424?×?AS430 and 3424?×?AS436 with small SCA effects for Striga counts should be useful genetic resources for breeding and integrated Striga management.  相似文献   

Practicality of the suicidal germination approach for controlling Striga hermonthica          下载免费PDF全文

Hiroaki Samejima  Abdel Gabar Babiker  Hirosato Takikawa  Mitsuru Sasaki  Yukihiro Sugimoto 《Pest management science》2016,72(11):2035-2042

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A bio-economic model of long-run Striga control with an application to subsistence farming in Mali     

Jeffrey Mullen  Daniel Taylor  Makan Fofana  Demba Kebe 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(3):251-264

A bio-economic model of Striga control is developed and applied to Mali's Mourdiah Zone. Various constraints are added, and optimal production practices identified based on Striga infestation levels, rainfall levels, and economic parameters. Model optimization suggests efforts to suppress Striga with nitrogen applications are both expensive and risky. The efficacy of hand-pulling Striga in reducing the Striga seedbank depends on Striga infestation levels and climatic conditions, as does the profitability of hiring labour to expand cultivated acreage. Under all climatic conditions and infestation levels considered, millet in a pure stand generated greater expected net returns than a millet - groundnut or millet - cowpea association. Under conditions of low rainfall, the model suggests planting millet at a density of 0.5 hills m^?2. With average or higher rainfall, the model suggests planting millet at a density of 3.5 hills m^?2. Estimates of Striga-induced net revenue losses also vary with climatic conditions, ranging from 6% to 85%. Model results are encouraged to be used as a guide in the design and evaluation of research and extension programmes aimed at identifying long-run Striga control strategies and promoting their adoption.  相似文献   

Cultural control measures to diminish sorghum yield loss and parasite success under Striga hermonthica infestation     

A. van Ast  L. Bastiaans  S. Katile 《Crop Protection》2005,24(12):1023-1034

Prospects of reducing Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. parasitism by means of cultural control measures were assessed. In a pot experiment, deep planting, the use of transplants and shallow soil-tillage, strongly delayed and reduced Striga infection of a sensitive and a tolerant sorghum cultivar. Application of all three measures combined resulted in a four-week delay in first emergence of the parasite, a reduced number of emerged Striga plants and a decimation of Striga dry weight. With the sensitive cultivar CK-60B a yield loss of 92% was reduced to 26%, whereas with the tolerant cultivar Tiemarifing application of the cultural control measures completely cancelled out a yield loss of 28%. Evaluation of these cultural measures under field conditions in Mali resulted in a strong reduction in Striga-infection level (85%). At the same time, the measures did not result in delayed first emergence of the parasite and had no beneficial effect on crop yield. It was argued that the presence of a natural Striga soil seed bank, with seeds throughout the tilth, might be an important reason for the reduced effectiveness of the proposed cultural control measures under field conditions.  相似文献