The Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization on the Nitrogen Absorption by Sunflowers     

H. L. Loubser  J.J. Human 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1993,170(1):39-48

Little is known about the effect of fertilization on the N uptake of sunflowers. A 4² factorial trial with 0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N ha⁻¹ and 0, 15, 30 and 45 kg P ha⁻¹ was conducted over three years. The N content and concentration of leaves, stems and capitula were determined at three growth stages. High N levels increased the N content and concentration of all plant parts at all growth stages sharply. High P levels increased the N content of all plant components through better growth. P has an inconsistent effect on N concentration but tended to decrease it. After flowering the crop assimilated 20 to 25 % of the total N. This implies that N applied can still be applied and utilized by the crop at a late stage. This should be substantiated by further research.  相似文献   

淡黑钙土向日葵施硼效应研究     

《中国油料作物学报》1991,(4)

  相似文献   

砂田甜瓜套作向日葵系统的养分利用研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

邵存应  康恩祥  何宝林 《甘肃农业科技》2014,(10):50-52

2010—2013年在庄浪县进行的砂田甜瓜套作向日葵系统的养分利用研究的结果表明,无论在甜瓜的初花期、座果期、膨大期套作食葵或油葵,套作系统比单作明显提高了作物的吸氮量、吸磷量和吸钾量。氮吸收量比单作增加50%~59%,磷吸收量比单作增加12%~41%,钾吸收量比单作增加33%~68%。  相似文献   

Disease Tolerance in Helianthus petiolaris : A Genetic Resource for Sunflower Breeding     

《Plant Production Science》2013,16(3):204-208

Abstract

Argentina is a major sunflower producer in the world, with crop acreage of 2?2.7 million ha in the last four years. Sunflower crop yield is often influenced by sanitary constraints, mainly fungal pathogens. Helianthus petiolaris is a wild species native to North America established in central Argentina displays a high tolerance to a number of fungal diseases and insects. Controlled crosses of this species with sunflower demonstrated that H. petiolaris constitutes a valuable genetic variability source for sunflower breeding to improve tolerance to rust (Puccinia helianthi), white rust (Albugo tragopogonis), verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae), powdery mildew (Erisiphe sp.) and the sunflower moth (Rachiplusia nu). This places H. petiolaris in an outstanding position as a genetic resource since different important traits could be transferred to the crop through interspecific hybridization.  相似文献   

向日葵盘及其果胶主要组成的研究     

罗庆云 《林产化学与工业》1996,16(3):45-50

研究结果表明，向日葵盘组成复杂，初步测定出１０多种天然化合物，其果胶含量以海绵状肉质部位最高，锯齿形苞片部位最低。用气相色谱法分别测定了向日葵盘及其果胶中各种糖基的相对含量，发现它们都含有木糖、阿拉伯糖、甘露糖、半乳糖和葡萄糖等，向日葵盘中葡萄糖含量最高果胶中含半乳糖最多。向日葵盘用水预洗得到的水溶性果胶，其酯化度大于５０％，属于高酯果胶，其表观分子量为１７３４００，向日葵盘经一分别用稀无机酸及多  相似文献   

Effects of mechanical and chemical methods on weed control,weed seed rain and crop yield in maize,sunflower and soyabean     

《Crop Protection》2014

Eight field experiments with maize (Zea mays L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and soyabean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) were carried out in central Italy in order to evaluate the effects of mechanical and chemical methods (spring-tine harrowing, hoeing, hoeing-ridging, split-hoeing, finger-weeding, herbicides in the row + inter-row hoeing, herbicides broadcast) on weed control, weed seed rain and crop yield. The choice of chemical and mechanical treatments in maize and soyabean compared to sunflower, required to be managed more carefully in order to maximize the weed control reducing yield losses. A global rating of weed control methods, based on their weed control efficacy, was obtained as useful means to assist farmers and technicians to choose the more appropriate weed control method. The combination of herbicides intra-row and hoeing inter-row gave best efficacy (on average 99% of weed control), with a 50% reduction in the chemical load in the environment. Hoeing-ridging gave good results, both inter- and intra-row (on average 93% of weed control); this method was also effective in reducing competitive ability and seed production of uncontrolled weeds. Split-hoeing or finger-weeding showed some limitations giving satisfactory results only when combined. Harrowing gave lowest weed control, although when combined to other mechanical methods, can help achieve a better efficacy.  相似文献   

向日葵品种抗向日葵螟鉴定及抗性评价方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

云晓鹏  白全江  杜磊  徐利敏 《中国油料作物学报》2014,36(3):380

利用田间自然抗虫鉴定法连续3年在内蒙古巴彦淖尔市对56个向日葵品种进行了抗向日葵螟鉴定,结果表明,17个油葵品种中除P50表现为中抗（籽粒被害率为6.7%）,其余品种全部表现为高抗,籽粒被害率均在0～2.5%;而39个食葵品种中仅新食葵7号表现为高抗（籽粒被害率为1.9%）,其余多表现为感虫或高感,籽粒被害率在5.8%～54.1%。进一步利用黑色素鉴定法对所有品种进行了室内检测,其结果与田间抗虫鉴定结果基本吻合。由此认为：在进行田间自然抗虫鉴定时,宜根据田间向日葵螟成虫种群动态选择适宜的播期,使向日葵的开花期与向日葵螟成虫发生盛期尽量吻合,以提高害虫对向日葵的选择压力和鉴定结果的科学性,同时避免出现播期避害现象,干扰鉴定结果的准确性。  相似文献   

盾壳霉发酵物对向日葵过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶活性的影响     

王庆云刘慧芹  韩巨才刘慧平 《山西农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2014,(1):20-23

过氧化物酶(POD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)是高等植物体内重要的代谢酶,与植物的抗性有密切关系。将盾壳霉固体发酵物稀释10倍对向日葵浸种,采用紫外分光光度法测定了盾壳霉固体发酵物浸种向日葵后POD和PPO活性的变化。结果表明:稀释10倍的盾壳霉固体发酵物拌种向日葵后,叶和根内POD活性明显高于对照,而茎中的POD活性与对照相比,差异不显著;根内PPO活性明显高于对照,而叶和茎中的PPO活性与对照相比,差异不显著。盾壳霉发酵物诱导了叶中POD活性和根内POD、PPO活性的提高,可增强植物对病原菌的抵抗能力。  相似文献   

全覆膜栽培技术对盐碱地盐分积累及向日葵产量影响的研究     

李彬  妥德宝  王博  李焕春  贾有余 《内蒙古农业科技》2014,(6):5-6

采用全覆膜、半覆膜等不同地膜覆盖技术,在内蒙古河套灌区盐碱地向日葵上进行了抑制盐分、提高出苗率和产量的田间试验。结果表明,在耕层土壤全盐含量3.5-6.0g/kg的中重度盐碱地上,全覆膜比不覆膜的耕层脱盐率提高44.1%,比传统半覆膜的脱盐率提高14.2百分点;同时比不覆膜和传统半覆膜的向日葵出苗率分别提高45.6百分点和17.7百分点,向日葵产量分别提高183.5%和67.0%,是一项进一步提高盐碱地利用率与作物增产率的有效技术。  相似文献   

发根农杆菌介导的向日葵遗传转化     

陶均  谭汝芳  李玲 《作物学报》2006,32(5):743-748

本研究首次报道了发根农杆菌介导的向日葵遗传转化和毛状根形成的优化条件。由发根农杆菌诱导向日葵子叶和下胚轴形成的根在含卡那霉素（200 mg/L，kanamycin）的选择培养基(1/2 MS)上选择，12 d后存活的根转到无激素培养基上能快速生长，经分子检测证实其为毛状根。同时着重研究了不同诱导条件对向日葵毛状根形成的影响。结果发现适用于毛状根形成的最优条件为菌株R1205，菌液浓度（OD₆₀₀）1.0，15 min感染，共培养3 d，培养基pH 6.5，30 μmol/L乙酰丁香酮（acetosyingone）。在此条件下，子叶和下胚轴的毛状根形成率分别达到23.7％和81.6％。  相似文献