The microbial diversity and structure in peatland forest in Indonesia     

Bing Liu  Muhamed Jamal Hosen Talukder  Eeva Terhonen  Maija Lampela  Harry Vasander  Hui Sun  Fred Asiegbu 《Soil Use and Management》2020,36(1):123-138

The microbial community structure and function under forest in tropical peatlands are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the microbial community structure and diversity in natural peat swamp forest soil, disturbed peat soil and mineral soil in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, using 454 pyrosequencing. The results showed that the natural peat soil had the greatest fungal species richness (Chao1), which was significantly (p < .05) larger than that in the other two soils. Community structure of both fungi and bacteria in natural peat soil differed significantly from that in the disturbed peat soil (p = .039 and p = .045, respectively). Ascomycota (40.5%) was the most abundant phylum across the three soils followed by Basidiomycota (18.8%), Zygomycota (<0.1%) and Glomeromycota (<0.1%). The linear discriminant analysis with effect size (LEfSe) showed that Ascomycota (p < .05) and genus Gliocephalotrichum (p < .05) dominated in natural peat soil. Functionally, pathotrophs were more abundant in disturbed peat soil (p < .05). Proteobacteria (43.8%) were the most abundant phylum followed by Acidobacteria (32.6%), Actinobacteria (9.8%), Planctomycetes (1.7%). Methylocystis, Telmatospirillum, Syntrophobacter, Sorangium and Opitutus were the more abundant genera in disturbed peat soil, whereas Nevskia and Schlesneria were more abundant in mineral soil and natural peat soil, respectively. The natural peat forest soil supported a more diverse microbiology; however, the land use of such a soil can change its microbial community structure. The results provide evidence that the disturbance of tropical peat land could lead to the introduction and spread of a large number of fungal diseases  相似文献   

Effect of cyclodextrin diallyl maleate on methane production, ruminal fermentation and microbes in vitro and in vivo   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Zeenat Ara LILA  Nazimuddin MOHAMMED  Noriko TATSUOKA  Shuhei KANDA  Yuzo KUROKAWA  Hisao ITABASHI 《Animal Science Journal》2004,75(1):15-22

Effects of β‐cyclodextrin diallyl maleate (CD‐M) on methane production, ruminal fermentation and digestibility were studied both in vitro and in vivo. In in vitro study, diluted ruminal fluid (30 mL) was incubated anaerobically at 38°C for 6 and 24 h with or without CD‐M using hay plus concentrate (1.5:1) as a substrate. The CD‐M was added at different concentrations (0, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 g/L). The pH of the medium and numbers of protozoa were not affected by the addition of CD‐M. Total volatile fatty acids were increased and ammonia‐N was decreased, molar proportion of acetate was decreased and propionate was increased (P < 0.05) by CD‐M. Methane was inhibited (P < 0.05) by 14–76%. The effect of CD‐M on methane production and ruminal fermentation was further investigated in vivo using four Holstein steers in a cross‐over design. The steers were fed Sudangrass hay and concentrate mixture (1.5:1) with or without CD‐M (2% of feed dry matter) as a supplement. Ruminal proportion of acetate tended to decrease and that of propionate was increased (P < 0.05) 2 h after CD‐M dosing. Total viable counts, cellulolytic, sulfate reducing, acetogenic bacteria and protozoa were unaffected while methanogenic bacteria were decreased (P < 0.05) by CD‐M. The plasma concentration of glucose was increased, whereas that of urea‐N was decreased (P < 0.05). Methane was inhibited (P < 0.05) from 36.4 to 30.1 L/kg dry matter intake by the addition of CD‐M. Apparent digestibilities of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber were not affected while that of crude protein was increased (P < 0.05) in the medicated steers. These data suggested that dietary supplementation of CD‐M decreased methane production and improved nutrient use.  相似文献   

人工养殖西伯利亚狍肠道微生物组成的雌雄差异     

刘金月  刘德凯  王璐瑶  李响  贾博文  刘艳华 《野生动物学报》2021,(2):428-436

肠道微生物是一个复杂的生态系统,与宿主的健康、疾病以及其他因素有着密切的关系。目前,关于肠道菌群结构和功能的研究较多,但是对西伯利亚狍肠道菌群的研究还未见报道。西伯利亚狍(Capreolus pygargus)属于反刍动物,有独特的消化特性和微生物群来帮助它们适应高纤维的食物。本研究利用高通量测序技术在Illumina MiSeq平台上对14只狍肠道微生物进行16S rRNA基因分析。结果表明:个体样本中门类组成的差异,雌性个体JY3和雄性个体JY9除Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes,Proteobacteria这3类菌群外,其他门类菌群所占比例都很低。在科水平上,雌性个体中Ruminococcaceae在JY7和JY13肠道内含量相对较少,Bacteroidaceae在JY7,JY10和JY13中含量较高。雄性个体中Ruminococcaceae在JY11和JY14肠道内含量较少,Prevotellaceae在JY4中含量较少。在属水平上,雌性个体特有的菌属为Roseburia,Alloprevotella,Lachnospiraceae_incertae_sedis和Coprococcus;雄性个体特有的菌属为Fusobacterium,Succiniclasticum,Streptococcus和Clostridium sensu stricto。Alpha多样性分析表明,Ace指数范围2128.93—772.98,Chao1指数范围2128.89—785.27,Shannon指数范围5.44—3.78,Simpson指数范围0.07—0.01。在不同物种分类水平上,雌雄狍肠道内的优势菌群有些不同。PCoA(principal co-ordinates analysis)分析显示,狍样本几乎混在一起,没有明显差异。  相似文献   

牛磺酸对卵形鲳鲹肠道微生物及免疫功能的影响     

马启伟  郭梁  刘波  刘宝锁  朱克诚  郭华阳  张楠  杨静文  张殿昌 《南方水产科学》2021,17(2):87-96

为了探讨牛磺酸对卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus)肠道微生物菌群结构和免疫功能的影响,试验以鱼粉、发酵豆粕和玉米蛋白粉为基础蛋白源配制了牛磺酸质量分数分别为1.3 g·kg-1(T0)、4.4 g·kg-1(T1)、7.4 g·kg-1(T2)、10.5 g·kg-1(T3)、12.7 g·kg-1(T4...  相似文献   

马肠道微生物组成及影响因素的研究进展     

马肠道微生物组成及影响因素的研究进展 《畜牧与饲料科学》2021,42(4):61-66

马肠道微生物群对其营养消化及维持机体健康具有重要作用,肠道不同部位的微生物具有不同功能,易受到各种因素的影响。马肠道正常微生物群结构遭到破坏,可导致肠道微生物失衡和机体功能紊乱,进而引起多种疾病。介绍了马肠道不同部位的微生物群结构组成特征,阐述了影响马肠道微生物群变化的各类因素,以期为改善马肠道营养健康、开发马健康监测和疾病预防工具提供科学依据,也为马肠道微生物研究提供新的视角。  相似文献   

黄河三角洲退化湿地土壤养分、微生物与土壤酶特性及其关系分析   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

王笛  马风云  姚秀粉  辛贺  宋雪  张钟心 《中国水土保持科学》2012,10(5):94-98

为了揭示黄河三角洲湿地退化与土壤的关系,为湿地生态修复和有效利用湿地资源提供理论依据,对黄河三角洲退化湿地不同演替阶段的土壤酶活性、土壤养分和土壤微生物特性及土壤酶与养分和微生物的关系进行分析。结果表明:随着湿地由白茅群落到光板地的逆向演替,土壤脲酶、蛋白酶活性呈逐渐下降趋势,碱性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性变化规律与其相似;不同演替阶段土壤酶活性表现出差异性,各种酶之间蛋白酶活性最高;土壤养分质量含量基本都随着湿地逆向演替的进行而递减,不同演替阶段土壤养分质量分数差异显著;退化湿地土壤中各种微生物数量存在明显差异性,在土壤微生物群落中,细菌数量所占比例最大,在各类微生物中占绝对优势,其次为放线菌,真菌数量最少;白茅群落阶段细菌和真菌数量最多,柽柳群落阶段放线菌数量最多;土壤酶与土壤养分、土壤微生物存在密切正相关关系;细菌与脲酶和过氧化氢酶有密切关系,真菌与脲酶、过氧化氢酶和碱性磷酸酶都具有显著的相关性。  相似文献   

番茄地套作蘑菇对土壤肥力和生物活性的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王军涛  尹睿  林先贵  胡君利  李晶  王一明  陈瑞蕊 《土壤通报》2012,(3):627-630

通过温室盆栽试验,研究了套作双孢蘑菇(Agaricus bisporus)对潮土速效养分含量、微生物数量、关键酶活性以及番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)生长的影响。结果发现,与对照相比,添加双孢蘑菇培养基质对土壤有机碳、矿质氮与速效磷含量均没有显著影响,但速效钾含量显著增加(P<0.05),且土壤细菌数量趋于增加、真菌数量显著减少(P<0.05),土壤脲酶与磷酸酶活性显著增强(P<0.05)、纤维素酶活性显著下降(P<0.05),番茄植株地上部和地下部生物量分别增加130%和67%,但产量没有明显变化;在添加培养基质基础上再接种双孢蘑菇菌种与不接种相比显著降低土壤有机碳含量和脲酶活性(P<0.05),番茄植株生物量也降到与对照相接近的水平,尽管番茄产量没有明显变化,但额外收获了双孢蘑菇。结果表明,套作双孢蘑菇对潮土生物活性具有促进作用,并可以增加单位面积经济产出,因而在潮土地区具有推广潜力。  相似文献   

不同形态氮素对种植大豆土壤中微生物数量及酶活性的影响   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10  

严君  韩晓增  王树起  李晓慧  朱巍巍 《植物营养与肥料学报》2010,16(2):341-347

采用框栽试验方法,研究6种不同形态氮素[生物固氮(N0)、硝态氮(N1)、铵态氮(N2)、氨基酸态氮(N3)、蛋白态氮(N4)和酰胺态氮(N5)]对种植大豆土壤中微生物数量及土壤酶活性动态变化的影响。结果表明:各大豆生育期内真菌、细菌、放线菌数量和土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶活性对不同形态氮素的反应不同;三大菌群在组成上以细菌数量占绝对优势,数量上均在花期时达到峰值,即均随着大豆生育期的推进呈单峰曲线变化;花期不同形态氮处理下的土壤微生物总数量有差异,具体表现为N5N3N2N1N4N0。土壤多样性指数的变化趋势随着生育期的推进呈缓慢下降趋势,与土壤微生物数量的变化趋势不一致,因此,评价土壤生物多样性指数应将两者结合起来。土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶活性随着生育期的推进亦为单峰曲线变化趋势,但脲酶与蔗糖酶活性的变化趋势不同,其高峰期出现在鼓粒期。  相似文献   

膜下滴灌与沟灌海岛棉田土壤微生物特性的比较   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

范君华  刘明 《节水灌溉》2005,(1):9-11

对不同灌溉方式下土壤微生物特性的对比研究结果表明：膜下滴灌方式下棉田的微生物数量及根际、根外微生物数量均多于细流沟灌；两种灌溉方式都具有明显的根际效应；膜下滴灌使土壤处于厌气条件，土壤酶活性没有明显增加，但由于膜下滴灌可随水滴肥，适时适量供给棉花生长所需肥水，仍能满足海岛棉生长需求。  相似文献   

肠道可培养共生菌对橘小实蝇不育雄虫生物学特征的影响          下载免费PDF全文

张琪文  花若晗  王聪  林嘉  宋学森  张贺贺  季清娥  陈湜  杨建全 《中国生物防治学报》2019,35(1):24-30

橘小实蝇是一种对果、蔬产业造成严重经济损失的害虫,应用昆虫不育技术（SIT）防治橘小实蝇是一种切实可行的科学手段,但辐照会使不育雄虫受到一定程度的损伤。本研究通过在饲料中添加抗生素对肠道灭菌处理来探究肠道可培养共生菌对橘小实蝇生物学及形态学参数的影响。结果表明,抗生素处理组在不育雄虫的蛹重、逆境存活率以及竞争交配力等均显著低于对照组。另外,抗生素处理组和对照组不育雄虫的存活率曲线图表明处理组不育雄虫的寿命时长显著低于对照组,利用Weibull分布拟合模型判断得知两组橘小实蝇存活率曲线均符合基本模型中的Ⅰ型。本研究为进一步利用肠道可培养共生菌来改善橘小实蝇不育雄虫的生理健康提供理论基础。  相似文献