松材线虫病入侵陕西的风险分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李莉 《陕西林业科技》2004,(4):53-59

松材线虫病自1982年在我国发现后，扩散和危害呈逐年扩大和加重趋势，严重影响了我国生态安全和经济发展。本文通过对松材线虫病定量的风险分析，得出风险值R=2．775，表明松材线虫病对陕西省而言属于特别危险的林业有害生物，应加强监测、检疫和除治管理，防止传入陕西省并造成扩散危害。  相似文献   

Pelargonium flower-break and pelargonium line pattern viruses in the Netherlands; purification,antiserum preparation,serological identification,and detection in pelargonium by ELISA     

I. Bouwen  D. Z. Maat 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1992,98(2):141-156

Two viruses, detected frequently in the Netherlands in pelargonium, were identified by serology and test plant reactions. Antisera were prepared and an ELISA procedure was developed to detect the viruses in pelargonium.One of the viruses, PFBV-N, proved to be pelargonium flower-break virus. With the antiserum to PFBV-N, it could be detected reliably throughout the year inPelargonium zonale Springtime Irene.The other virus, PLPV-N, was serologically closely related to pelargonium line pattern virus (PLPV) and to pelargonium ring pattern virus (PRPV), as were an old virus isolate from Saturnus, collected in the Netherlands in 1971 (L128), and PLPV isolates from Yugoslavia (PLPV-Y) and Denmark (PLPV-D). There were only minor differences in host-plant reactions between the virus isolates. Based on these tests, PLPV and PRPV are considered as isolates of the same virus, for which, for practical reasons, the name pelargonium line pattern virus is proposed.PLPV could be reliably detected by ELISA inP. zonale Springtime Irene and Amanda throughout the year with only a few exceptions. InPelargonium peltatum Tavira, however, reslts were erratic due to uneven distribution of virus in the plant. Best results were obtained when petioles of fully expanded leaves were tested.  相似文献   

不同砧木嫁接网纹甜瓜试验     

王毓洪  李林章  黄芸萍  孟秋峰  邵必丰  王祥兆  何智龙 《中国瓜菜》2005,(6):25-27

为预防网纹甜瓜枯萎病等土传病害,以新土佐、灰甘瓜、全能铁甲南瓜,甬砧3号甜瓜为砧木,以当地主栽的拿玻里网纹甜瓜为接穗,进行嫁接试验。结果表明:拿玻里网纹甜瓜嫁接后,植株的抗病性有了显著提高,对枯萎病的防效高达100%,对白粉病的防效也有所提高,综合抗性增强。其中甬砧3号在4个参试砧木品种中,与接穗拿玻里网纹甜瓜的亲和性最好,抗病性提高明显,品质也较自根苗好。  相似文献   

Effects of Latent Infection of Stock Plants and Abundance of Thrips on the Occurrence of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tomato spotted wilt virus </Emphasis>in Chrysanthemum Fields     

Shohei MATSUURA  Shigeru HOSHINO  Hideaki HAYASHI  Tetsuyuki KOHGUCHI  Kyoji HAGIWARA  Toshihiro OMURA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2002,68(1):99-102

DAS-ELISA proved to be reliable enough to detect a latent infection by Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in asymptomatic stock plants of chrysanthemum. A high density of Frankliniella occidentalis, the predominant vector, in the presence of latently infected stock plants resulted in a high incidence of disease in the chrysanthemum production field. The incidence of disease was low when the vector thrips were not abundant in spite of the presence of latently infected stock plants. These results suggest that an infestation of the vector thrips causes severe secondary spread of TSWV originating from latently infected stock plants in chrysanthemum production fields. Received 27 July 2001/ Accepted in revised form 27 November 2001  相似文献   

Detection of the Defoliating Pathotype of Verticillium dahliae in Infected Olive Plants by Nested PCR   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Jesús Mercado-Blanco  Dolores Rodríguez-Jurado  Encarnación Pérez-Artés  Rafael M. Jiménez-Díaz 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2002,108(1):1-13

Spread of Verticillium wilt into newly established olive orchards in Andalucía, southern Spain, has caused concern in the olive industry in the region. This spread may result from use of Verticillium dahliae-infected planting material, which can extend distribution of the highly virulent, defoliating (D) pathotype of V. dahliae to new areas. In this study, a molecular diagnostic method for the early in planta detection of D V. dahliae was developed, aimed especially at nursery-produced olive plants. For this purpose, new primers for nested PCR were designed by sequencing a 992-bp RAPD marker of the D pathotype. The use of the specific primers and different nested-PCR protocols allowed the detection of V. dahliae pathotype D DNA in infected root and stem tissues of young olive plants. Detection of the pathogen was effective from the very earliest moments following inoculation of olive plants with a V. dahliae pathotype D conidia suspension as well as in inoculated, though symptomless, plants.  相似文献   

Suppression of Verticillium Wilt in Eggplant by Some Fungal Root Endophytes   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Kazuhiko Narisawa  Hitoshi Kawamata  Randolph S. Currah  Teruyoshi Hashiba 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2002,108(2):103-109

One hundred and twenty-three fungal isolates were obtained from 225 root segments of eggplants, melon, tomato, strawberry and Chinese cabbage, grown as bait plants in a mixed soil made up of samples from different fields in Shizuoka, Japan. Isolates belonging to Mycelium radicis atrovirens (MRA), including Phialocephala fortinii, were the most prevalent in all the five bait plants. Eleven of the 123 isolates, after being inoculated onto axenically reared eggplant seedlings, almost completely suppressed the pathogenic effects of a post-inoculated, virulent strain of Verticillium dahliae. Seven of these 11 isolates had come from the roots of eggplant and included Heteroconium chaetospira, P. fortinii, and unidentified species of Fusarium, Penicillium, Trichoderma and MRA. P. fortinii, H. chaetospira, a non-sporulating isolate with white mycelium (SWM) and MRA were easily reisolated from root segments. Hyphae of H. chaetospira, P. fortinii and SWM colonized the root tissues of eggplant without causing apparent pathogenic symptoms. The mechanisms by which these endophytes confer resistance to infection by V. dahliae are unknown but the effectiveness of these fungi in a laboratory setting indicates that they have potential as biocontrol agents and merit further investigation.  相似文献   

Pathogenicity and Virulence of the Two Dutch VCGs of Verticillium dahliae to Woody Ornamentals     

J.C. Goud  A.J. Termorshuizen 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2002,108(8):771-782

Two experiments were performed in two consecutive years to test whether isolates of different vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) differ in their ability to cause disease in woody ornamentals, to study the host specificity of the isolates and to get an insight into disease development in woody hosts. A range of woody ornamental plant species, including Acer campestre, Acer platanoides, Acer pseudoplatanus, Catalpa bignonioides, Cotinus coggygria, Robinia pseudoacacia, Rosa canina, Syringa vulgaris and Tilia cordata, were root-dip inoculated with six isolates of Verticillium dahliae, belonging to the two VCGs that occur in the Netherlands (VCG NL-1 and VCG NL-2). Isolates belonging to each VCG caused severe symptoms of verticillium wilt in most plant species tested. Disease progress differed between plant species, but was generally the same for the two VCGs. No overall differences in virulence were observed between the two VCGs for external wilt symptoms, number of dead plants, or shoot length. No significant VCG × plant species interactions were present for these characteristics. However, isolates of VCG NL-1 caused more vascular discolouration than did isolates of VCG NL-2. Isolates within VCGs often differed considerably in their virulence to certain hosts, as shown by highly significant isolate × plant species interactions. Isolates were more virulent on their original host. These findings imply that VCG identification does not contribute to disease prediction for a range of woody hosts.  相似文献   

Gene genealogies support Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris as a monophyletic group     

M. M. Jiménez-Gasco  M. G. Milgroom  R. M. Jiménez-Díaz † 《Plant pathology》2002,51(1):72-77

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris (Foc), the causal agent of fusarium wilt of chickpea, consists of two pathotypes (yellowing and wilting) and eight races (races 0, 1B/C, 1A and 2–6) of diverse geographical distribution. Six Foc isolates, one each of races 0, 1B/C, 1A, 4, 5 and 6, representing the two pathotypes and the geographical range of the pathogen, showed identical sequences in introns of the genes for translation elongation factor 1α ( EF1 α), β-tubulin, histone 3, actin and calmodulin. Eleven additional Foc isolates representative of all races, pathotypes and geographical range, and three isolates of F. oxysporum (Fo) nonpathogenic to chickpea were further analysed for sequence variation in the EF1 α gene. All isolates pathogenic to chickpeas shared an identical EF1 α gene sequence, which differed from that shared by the three Fo isolates nonpathogenic to chickpea. EF1 α gene sequences from the 17 Foc isolates and the three Fo isolates were compared with 24 EF1 α gene sequences in GenBank from isolates of 11 formae speciales of F. oxysporum by parsimony analysis. Foc isolates formed a grouping distinct from other formae speciales and nonpathogenic isolates. These results indicate that F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris is monophyletic.  相似文献   

Prepenetration stages in infection of clematis by Phoma clematidina     

P. van de Graaf †  M. E. Joseph  J. M. Chartier-Hollis  T. M. O'Neill 《Plant pathology》2002,51(3):331-337

A detailed study of conidial germination, germ-tube growth and the formation of infection structures in Phoma clematidina , the causal agent of clematis wilt, is described for two clematis varieties differing in disease resistance. On both the resistant and susceptible varieties, the fungus entered leaves and stems by direct penetration of the cuticle, often, but not always, following the formation of infection structures. More germ tubes per conidium were formed on the susceptible host, but these germ tubes were on average shorter than on the resistant host. Although germ tubes regularly entered the plant via trichomes, stomata were not found to be sites of entry. Following penetration of the cuticle of resistant plants, germ-tube growth was sometimes restricted to the subcuticular region, and halo formation occurred at the sites where penetration was attempted. Subcuticular growth and halo formation were not observed on susceptible plants. These observations may partly explain the resistance of small-flowered clematis varieties to P. clematidina .  相似文献   

Variation in the response of melon genotypes to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melonis race 1 determined by inoculation tests and molecular markers     

Y. Burger  N. Katzir  G. Tzuri  V. Portnoy  U. Saar  S. Shriber  R. Perl-Treves  R. Cohen † 《Plant pathology》2003,52(2):204-211

Screening of genotypes of melon ( Cucumis melo ) for resistance to wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melonis is often characterized by wide variability in their responses to inoculation, even under carefully controlled conditions. The variability at the seedling stage of 17 genotypes susceptible to race 1 was examined in growth-chamber experiments. Disease incidence varied from 0 to 100% in a genotype-dependent manner. Using four combinations of light (60 and 90  µ E m⁻² s⁻¹) and temperatures of (27 and 31°C), only light intensity showed a statistically significant effect. Marker-assisted selection for fusarium resistance breeding using cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) and sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers were compared using a single set of genotypes that included 24 melon accessions and breeding lines whose genotype regarding the Fom-2 gene was well characterized. The practical value of the markers for discriminating a range of genotypes and clarifying the scoring of phenotypes was also tested using a segregating breeding population which showed codominant SCAR markers to be useful in marker-assisted selection.  相似文献