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1.
猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
笔者总结了近年来国内外学者对猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病的研究和发现,详细介绍了猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病的症状、危害和传播途径以及致病菌Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae的特征、分类和起源,分析了其可能的致病机理,并总结了猕猴桃的抗病性研究。基于目前对猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病的防治方法和相关研究发现,展望了猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病的研究方向和防治措施,提出采取预防致病菌传入、增强树势和药剂防治相结合的防治措施,为以后的研究和生产实践提供理论依据。 相似文献
2.
猕猴桃溃疡病是一种毁灭性细菌病害,该病发展迅速,防治难度大,严重制约了猕猴桃产业的发展。为找到一种有效防治该病的方法,针对化学防治易产生抗药性、污染环境、杀伤天敌等特点,从猕猴桃根际土壤中分离共获得25株芽孢杆菌,采用点菌法筛选出4株对猕猴桃溃疡病菌(Pseudomonas syringae pv.actinidiae)具有拮抗效果的菌株(抑菌圈直径达到5 mm以上),其中B2拮抗作用最强。根据菌落(体)形态特征、生理生化鉴定以及16S r DNA序列分析,初步鉴定B2为蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)。将B2的发酵原液稀释成1×109cfu/m L的发酵液,并在此基础上依次配制50、100、500、1000、2000倍的稀释液,用于盆栽试验。盆栽试验采用喷雾法,30天后的防治效果分别达到了90.45%、86.52%、80.90%、67.98%、47.19%、15.73%,60天后尽管病斑有少量增加,旧病斑有所增大,但与对照相比,病斑增长速度明显减缓。大田试验结果证明,该菌具有较好的生防潜力,喷雾法选择B2发酵液的50倍稀释液,涂抹法选择B2发酵液的100倍稀释液,可有效降低猕猴桃溃疡病的危害。 相似文献
3.
猕猴桃准透翅蛾的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
猕猴桃准透翅蛾Paranthrene actinidiae Yang et Wang是严重为害猕猴桃的一种新的蛀干害虫,主要为害中华猕猴桃。我们于1984—1987年对该虫进行了研究。该虫1年1代,幼虫7龄,以3—4龄虫在枝条隧道中越冬。越冬幼虫出蛰后转枝蛀害,盛期在寄主植株萌芽期。树龄5年生以上受害严重;离地30cm高处的主干围径超过15cm的植株,其被害株率均为100％。结合冬季清园修剪,清除虫枝可显著压低发生基数;春季在寄主植株展叶前应用敌敌畏、杀螟松、敌杀死等药液于被害处注射或涂抹防治幼虫。 相似文献
4.
苌楚鸠蝠蛾的生物学特性及防治研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
苌楚鸠蝠蛾Ｐｈａｓｓｕｓ ａｃｔｉｎｉｄｉａｅ Ｙａｎｇ ｅｔ Ｗａｎｇ是福建近年来严重为害猕猴的一种新的蛀干害虫。我们于１９８４－１９８９年在建宁县猕猴桃试验站进行研究。该虫一年一代，以卵在树兜的地面越冬，幼虫为害猕猴桃植株韧皮部和髓部，外部形成虫屑包，内部形成蛀道，阻滞养分和水分的正常输送，轻者枝叶发黄，重者风折枯死。除选用抗虫品种外，采用２．５％溴氰菊脂１∶５０００液灌注；９０％敌百虫晶体１ 相似文献
5.
笔者总结了近年来国内外学者对猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病的研究和发现，详细介绍了猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病的症状、危害和传播途径以及致病菌Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae的特征、分类和起源，分析了其可能的致病机理并总结了猕猴桃的抗病性研究。基于目前对猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病的防治方法和相关研究发现，展望了猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病的研究方向和防治措施，提出采取预防致病菌传入、增强树势和药剂防治相结合的防治措施，为以后的研究和生产实践提供了理论依据。 相似文献
6.
为明确陕西省猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病菌（Pseudomonas syringae pv.actinidiae,Psa）对CuSO4的抗性水平及与copA和copB基因表达量的相关性，使用最小抑菌浓度法（MIC）对分离自陕西省关中地区的84株Psa菌株对于CuSO4的抗性进行检测。在此基础上，使用实时荧光定量PCR方法，对3株不同抗性水平Psa菌株的基因copA和copB与抗铜性的关系进行了分析。结果表明，供试的84株Psa菌株MIC分布在3.75~6.25 mmol·L-1范围内；不同地区来源的菌株对CuSO4的抗性表现出明显的差异，其中分离自周至的Psa菌株的抗铜水平明显高于眉县。实时荧光定量PCR分析结果显示，不同浓度CuSO4条件诱导下，3株不同抗性水平的菌株抗铜基因copA和copB表达水平与CuSO4浓度成正相关，且菌株的抗性水平越高，基因copA和copB相对表达水平亦越高。陕西省关中地区的Psa菌株对CuSO4表现出较高的抗性水平，且不同地区的Psa菌株的抗性表现出明显差异；copA和copB基因参与了Psa菌株对铜离子的适应性反应。 相似文献
7.
猕猴桃溃疡病菌在中国的适生性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过分析猕猴桃溃疡病菌在中国的适生性,为科学制定有效的检疫监管措施,防范其入侵和扩散,确保猕猴桃产业健康发展提供理论依据。本研究根据前人研究结果,采用模糊数学综合评判的原理和方法,定量分析猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病菌(Pseudomonas syringae pv.actinidiae)在我国各个地区的适生性。猕猴桃溃疡病菌在我国最适宜的省份主要分布在四川、云南、贵州、福建、安徽、湖南、湖北、河南、江西、陕西、浙江、重庆、西藏。鉴于该病具有发生发展迅速,危害性强,防治难度大等特点,应当加强猕猴桃种苗等繁殖材料的检疫,加强对果园的管理和病害监测,积极采取有效的防治措施并加强抗病育种方面的研究。 相似文献
8.
GFPuv标记猕猴桃溃疡病菌的生物学特性 及其在土壤、根系中的定殖 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
【目的】获得具有荧光标记的猕猴桃溃疡病菌（Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae）菌株,为进一步揭示其侵染致病过程奠定基础。【方法】电击法对病菌进行GFPuv基因标记,应用荧光显微镜和平板稀释法研究标记菌株在土壤和根部的定殖情况。【结果】GFPuv标记的猕猴桃溃疡病菌菌株在荧光显微镜下发出强烈的绿色荧光,8株标记菌基因组DNA中均扩增出约700 bp的目的片段。标记菌株PSAmx7-GFPuv1的菌体形态、生长曲线、最适温度、最适pH、致病性均与野生型无显著差异,其绿色荧光可稳定遗传。标记菌在灭菌土壤中可存活3个月左右,在未灭菌土壤中也能存活3周;灌根1 d检测,根表、根内组织中可分离到目标菌落,随后标记菌株数量呈现“先增后降”的趋势。【结论】电击法成功地将GFPuv基因转入猕猴桃溃疡病菌;导入的GFPuv 基因对宿主菌的生物学特性没有影响;标记菌可在灭菌土壤中长期存活,并在根部定殖和增殖。 相似文献
9.
Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) is a causal agent of kiwifruit bacterial canker worldwide, which has affected kiwifruit vines in China since 1996 and has subsequently spread to the main cultivation areas. Based on occurrence of Psa and pseudo-absences randomly generated in China, the consensus-based modelling technique was used to estimate the spatial spread of Psa epidemics within China. Environmental variables that related to Psa development were identified, and their contributions to Psa development were evaluated. Three modelling algorithms, namely generalized boosting models (GBM), random forests (RF) and classification tree analysis (CTA) within the BIOMOD2 framework, were employed to construct the model. The ensemble models weighted by the true skill statistic (TSS) value were used to predict the current habitat suitability of Psa, and were projected using the four general circulation models (GCMs) to assess range shifts under two types of representative concentration pathways (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) by 2050. The results indicated that precipitation in March and mean temperature of warmest quarter were the most important limiting factors for distribution of Psa. The predictive accuracy of the ensemble model showed acceptable predictive powers (TSS = 0.852). Under future climate conditions, substantial net loss of suitability for Psa was estimated to be 3.03–12.5% under RCP 4.5 (except one GCM), and 2.46–9.89% under RCP 8.5. Shrinkage of suitable habitats was detected mainly in the areas currently infected by Psa. Special attention should be given to recent infectious regions in south and southwest China, considering the locally expanding kiwifruit commercial plantations. 相似文献
10.
Twenty-eight strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae isolated in 1984, 1987 and 1988 from kiwifruit orchards in Japan were tested for their resistance to copper sulfate. All strains
isolated in 1984 were copper sensitive with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cupric sulfate of 0.75 mM. However,
some strains isolated in 1987 and 1988 were resistant, with the MIC ranging from 2.25 to 3.0 mM. All copper-resistant strains
contained at least one of two plasmids, pPaCul (about 70.5 kb) or pPaCu2 (about 280 kb), or both. In a copper-resistant strain
Pa429, the location of the copper-resistance gene(s) was examined by insertional inactivation with Tn5. The MIC of copper sulfate in the copper-sensitive mutant obtained by Tn5 tagging decreased from 2.75 to 0.75 mM. The 14.5 kb BamHI fragment, designated pPaCuB14, containing the same locus mutagenized with Tn5 was cloned from pPaCu1. However, pPaCuB14 did not confer copper resistance in the transformant of copper-sensitive strain
Pa21R, suggesting that this clone did not contain a full set of copper-resistance gene(s). Then a cosmid library of pPaCu1
was constructed and six cosmid clones hybridized with pPaCuB14 were selected. One of the six cosmids, designated pPaCuC1,
conferred a near wild-type level of copper resistance in the transformant of the copper-sensitive strain. pPaCuC1 had a homologous
region that hybridized with all of the PCR-amplifled fragments of copA, copB, copR, and copS genes of P. syringae pv. tomato. DNA sequence analysis of the homologous region revealed the existence of four open reading frames (ORF A, B, R and S) oriented
in the same direction. The predicted amino acid sequences of ORF A, B, R and S had 80, 70, 97 and 95% identity with CopA,
B, R and S of P. syringae pv. tomato, respectively.
Received 5 July 2001/ Accepted in revised form 27 September 2001 相似文献