茶树花青素形成分子机理的研究进展     

庞丹丹  韦康 《中国茶叶》2021,(4):9-15

花青素是由类黄酮合成途径产生的次生代谢产物,含量高时会使茶树新梢呈现红色或紫色。同时,花青素相比儿茶素等具有更明显的抗氧化、预防肿瘤等药理保健作用。文章就茶树花青素合成途径、转录及转录后调控等方面进行综述,以期更好地为高花青素茶树的育种研究提供理论依据。  相似文献   

光对园艺植物花青素生物合成的调控作用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王峰  王秀杰  赵胜男  闫家榕  卜鑫  张颖  刘玉凤  许涛  齐明芳  齐红岩  李天来 《中国农业科学》2020,53(23):4904-4917

花青素是植物中一类重要的类黄酮化合物,在植物花朵、果实等器官色泽形成和抗氧化过程中起着重要作用。植物组织中花青素的形成依赖于光信号,但是光信号对花青素生物合成的调控机制及信号网络很大程度上还不清晰。本文简述了花青素生物合成及运转过程的研究进展,简要归纳了MYB、bHLH、WDR三类主要因子对花青素合成的转录调控作用,重点阐释光信号（光强、光质、光照时长）对植物花青素合成的调控作用。研究表明,光环境（光强、光质、光照时长）主要通过不同的光受体（UVR8、CRYs、PHOTs、PHYs）影响光信号通路重要因子COP1的泛素化能力和HY5的稳定性,以及其他光信号转录因子如光敏色素互作因子PIFs的稳定性,进而调控花青素的生物合成过程。这些光信号因子一方面直接结合到调控花青素合成的MYB、bHLH、WDR三大类转录因子上,转录激活或抑制它们的表达进而调控花青素的合成;另一方面,这些光信号因子通过与MYB、bHLH、WDR三大类转录因子蛋白互作,影响它们形成的MBW复合体稳定性,进而调控花青素的合成。此外,这些光信号因子还可以通过不依赖于MBW复合体的通路调控花青素的合成,如HY5通过调控miR858影响花青素的生物合成;另外,一些未知的光响应因子可能以不依赖MBW通路的方式直接或间接地调控花青素合成基因和液泡膜上的运转蛋白,改变液泡酸化,调节花青素的合成。同时,光信号会影响光合电子传递,光合电子传递链中的一些因子也会通过依赖和不依赖MBW的途径影响植物花青素的合成。这些途径如何协调以及哪些信号因子优先受光环境（光强、光质、光照时间）调控?本文为深入研究光信号对花青素生物合成的调控机理提供参考,以探索光调控花青素积累的有效途径及靶标分子,为利用基因工程、代谢工程和光环境调控手段改良园艺植物花青素积累提供理论基础。  相似文献   

不同牡丹品种开花期间花瓣花青素和类黄酮组成的动态变化     

崔虎亮  贺霞  张前 《中国农业科学》2021,54(13):2858-2869

【目的】牡丹（Paeonia suffruticosa）是中国传统名花之一,花色丰富,品种多样,通过测定不同花色品种在花朵开放期间花瓣花青素苷、类黄酮苷的种类和含量,并分析其动态变化规律,为牡丹花色的呈色机理及不同花色育种提供参考。【方法】选择5种不同花色的牡丹品种为试验材料,采集蕾期（S1）、露色期（S2）、盛开期（S3）和衰败期（S4）等4个不同时期的花瓣,利用高效液相色谱（HPLC）和质谱联用（LC-MS）技术对其花青素苷和类黄酮苷进行定性定量分析,比较不同花色品种之间的差异。【结果】检测到6种花青素苷和12种类黄酮苷。其中,紫色品种‘洛阳红’检测到的花青素苷种类最多,花瓣中共检测到4种花青素苷,而白色品种‘白雪塔’中未检测到花青素苷;在检测出的12种类黄酮苷中,芹菜素5-葡萄糖苷（7.18%—58.46%）、芹菜素己糖葡萄糖苷（1.44%—43.72%）和山奈酚3,7-葡萄糖苷（2.83%—43.44%）的相对含量明显高于其他物质。6种花青素苷在花朵开放期间不断积累,从蕾期（S1）至衰败期（S4）,花青素总含量不断增加,其中在盛开期（S3）总含量显著增加,在S4时期达到最高值。类黄酮物质总含量在花朵开放与衰老期间呈现先增加后降低的趋势,但不同品种的变化趋势差异明显。‘洛阳红’的类黄酮总含量在衰败期（S4）达到最大值（752.93±48.10）μg∙g^-1 FW,‘赵粉’在盛开期（S3）达到最大值（603.81±6.30）μg∙g^-1 FW,‘白雪塔’在露色期（S2）达到最大值（673.45±9.96）μg∙g^-1 FW,‘迎日红’和‘粉荷’均在蕾期（S1）达到最大值,其含量分别为（525.88±22.38）μg∙g^-1 FW和（740.56±16.08）μg∙g^-1 FW。【结论】不同颜色的牡丹品种中花青素苷和类黄酮苷差异较为显著,紫色品种花青素苷含量较高,白色品种几乎不含有花青素苷。花青素苷在花朵开放过程中不断积累,而类黄酮苷存在先积累后降解的变化趋势。  相似文献   

The association of genes for purple coleoptile with chromosomes of the wheat variety Mironovskaya 808     

J. Sutka 《Euphytica》1977,26(2):475-479

Summary The association of genes for purple pigment in the coleoptile with the chromosomes of the winter wheat variety Mironovskaya 808 was investigated using monosomic F₂ analysis. The segregation ratio for F₂ hybrids of Chinese Spring monosomics x Mironovskya 808 seems to indicate that the purple colour of the coleoptile is determined by two dominant genes, Rc₃ and Rc₄, which are located on the chromosomes 7D and 6B respectively, and which reinforce each other. Apart from these two genes, suppressors found on the chromosomes 2A, 2B, 2D, 4B and 6A also play a role in the intensity of the purple colour.With the aid of a Chinese Spring telocentric chromosome marker it was observed that the Rc₃ gene is located on the chromosome arm 7DS, at a distance of 16±4.23 crossover units from the centromere.  相似文献   

Genetic characterization of banana cultivars (Musa spp.) from Brazil using microsatellite markers   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S. Creste  A. Tulmann Neto  S. de Oliveira Silva  A. Figueira 《Euphytica》2003,132(3):259-268

Flavonoids, in particular the anthocyanins,are responsible for flower colour in manyspecies. The dihydroflavonols represent abranch point in flavonoid biosynthesis,being the intermediates for production ofboth the coloured anthocyanins, through theaction of the enzyme dihydroflavonol4-reductase (DFR), and the colourlessflavonols, produced by flavonol synthase(FLS). In this study the white-flowered,flavonol accumulating Mitchell line ofpetunia was used as a model to examine theinteraction between DFR and FLS enzymeactivities and possibilities forredirecting flavonoid biosynthesis awayfrom production of flavonols and towardsanthocyanins. Introduction of a 35SCaMV-DFR sense transgene construct causedthe production of anthocyanins, resultingin a pink-flowered phenotype. Furthermore,inhibition of FLS production throughintroduction of an FLS antisense RNAconstruct also led to anthocyaninproduction and a pink-flowered phenotype. A combination of both transgenes gave thehighest level of anthocyanin formation. Anthocyanins were produced in the DFR-senseand FLS-antisense transgenic lines in spiteof the greatly reduced levels of geneexpression in the Mitchell line for threeenzymes late in anthocyanin biosynthesis,anthocyanindin synthase, UDP-glucose:flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase andUDP-rhamnose: anthocyanidin-3-glucosiderhamnosyltransferase. Thus, the level ofgene activity required for visibleanthocyanin formation is much lower thanthe high levels normally induced duringpetal development. Altering the balancebetween the DFR and FLS enzyme activities,using genetic modification, may be a usefulstrategy for introducing or increasinganthocyanin production in target ornamentalspecies.  相似文献   

New types of major anthocyanins detected in Japanese garden iris and its wild forms     

T. Yabuya  T. Imayama  T. Shimomura  R. Urushihara  M. Yamaguchi 《Euphytica》2001,118(3):253-256

The anthocyanins of 130 cultivars, 13 lines and 3 wild forms of Iris ensata were analyzed by HPLC, and these plants were classified into 16 types of major anthocyanins. Among these types, 8 types such as petunidin 3RGac5G – delphinidin 3RGac5G, delphinidin 3RGac5G – petunidin 3RGac5G, cyanidin 3RGac5G – peonidin 3RGac5G, delphinidin 3RG – delphinidin 3RGac, petunidin 3RG5G – malvidin 3RG5G, malvidin 3RG5G – peonidin 3RG5G, peonidin 3RG5G – cyanidin 3RG5G and peonidin 3RG – cyanidin 3RG were obtained as new types. In these new types, peonidin 3RG – cyanidin 3RG and peonidin 3RG5G – cyanidin 3RG5G types were noteworthy because cyanidin 3RG and cyanidin 3RG5G are useful for the breeding of red flowers in I. ensata. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

利文斯顿雏菊花色素成分及其稳定性研究          下载免费PDF全文

刘亚婷  张延龙  牛立新 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2011,39(11):161-166

【目的】研究利文斯顿雏菊的花色素成分及其稳定性,为草花花色遗传育种提供理论依据。【方法】以利文斯顿雏菊8个品系为试验材料,通过特征颜色反应、显色反应和紫外-可见光谱扫描分析,确定其花色素成分,并分析温度和光照对花色素稳定性的影响。【结果】利文斯顿雏菊花色素属于类黄酮化合物,含黄酮和花色素苷,可能含异黄酮、二氢黄酮和二氢黄酮醇,不含橙酮和查耳酮;白色品系只含黄酮和黄酮醇;粉红内白、橙色和黄色3个品系除含黄酮和黄酮醇外,可能还含异黄酮;玫红内白、玫红内黄和和西瓜红色3个品系含花色素苷、黄酮、黄酮醇等,且存在酰基基团,另外,玫红内黄品系还含二氢黄酮醇;粉红内黄品系含黄酮、黄酮醇和二氢黄酮醇;8个品系花色的黄酮类化合物中含醇羟基和酮羟基,不含酚羟基。温度对利文斯顿雏菊花色素稳定性的影响较大,60～80℃时,吸光度的下降趋势最为明显;光照对玫红内白、玫红内黄和西瓜红色3个品系的影响较大。【结论】利文斯顿雏菊不同品系花色素中的黄酮类化合物种类不同,温度和光照对其花色素稳定性的影响较大,且不同品系受到的影响程度不同。  相似文献   

Use of image analysis to estimate anthocyanin and UV-excited fluorescent phenolic compound levels in strawberry fruit     

Yosuke Yoshioka  Masayoshi Nakayama  Yuji Noguchi  Hideki Horie 《Breeding Science》2013,63(2):211-217

Strawberry is rich in anthocyanins, which are responsible for the red color, and contains several colorless phenolic compounds. Among the colorless phenolic compounds, some, such as hydroxycinammic acid derivatives, emit blue-green fluorescence when excited with ultraviolet (UV) light. Here, we investigated the effectiveness of image analyses for estimating the levels of anthocyanins and UV-excited fluorescent phenolic compounds in fruit. The fruit skin and cut surface of 12 cultivars were photographed under visible and UV light conditions; colors were evaluated based on the color components of images. The levels of anthocyanins and UV-excited fluorescent compounds in each fruit were also evaluated by spectrophotometric and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses, respectively and relationships between these levels and the image data were investigated. Red depth of the fruits differed greatly among the cultivars and anthocyanin content was well estimated based on the color values of the cut surface images. Strong UV-excited fluorescence was observed on the cut surfaces of several cultivars, and the grayscale values of the UV-excited fluorescence images were markedly correlated with the levels of those fluorescent compounds as evaluated by HPLC analysis. These results indicate that image analyses can select promising genotypes rich in anthocyanins and fluorescent phenolic compounds.  相似文献   

茶树花青素及其种质资源的研究和利用进展     

梅菊芬  徐德良  汤茶琴  卢媛  徐琪 《热带作物学报》2013,(1):42-46

从茶树花青素的组成、代谢及其影响因素等种质对茶树花青素的研究进行了总结,讨论了该种质其他生化成分的特点,并从新品种(系)选育和高花青素茶产品开发两个方面综述了高花青素茶树种质资源的研究和利用的进展,旨在为茶树花青素的代谢和种质资源的利用提供思路。  相似文献   

甘薯的保健功能及药用价值研究进展     

刘国强  赵海  李星  靳艳玲 《农产品加工．学刊》2021,(4)

甘薯在控制人类许多疾病(如癌症、糖尿病和心脑血管疾病等)方面具有药用价值。同时,甘薯还具有抗氧化、预防肥胖和增强免疫力等保健功能。系统综述近年来甘薯的保健功能及药用价值方面的研究成果,并对其应用进行展望。  相似文献