杉木林地套种绿肥筛选初报   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

马祥庆  何智英 《福建林学院学报》1992,12(3):343-346

收集了三十种绿肥,在杉木当年造林地上进行套种试验,根据其生长状况、生物量、覆盖度及对杉木生长的影响,把供试绿肥分成三类,初步筛选出羽扁豆、决明豆、日木草为适宜杉木林地种植的林用绿肥。同时对今后林用绿肥的选择提出了有益的建议。  相似文献   

The effects of stubble burning and tillage on soil carbon sequestration and crop productivity in southeastern Australia     

K.Y. Chan  D.P. Heenan 《Soil Use and Management》2005,21(4):427-431

Abstract. In Australia, stubble burning and tillage are two of the major processes responsible for the decline of soil organic carbon concentration in cropped soils, and the resulting soil degradation. However, the relative importance of these two practices in influencing the soil organic carbon concentration and the long-term impact on soil quality and productivity are not clear. The effects of stubble burning as practised by farmers in southeastern Australia were evaluated in two field trials, one of 19 years duration, the other of 5 years. Conventional tillage (three tillage passes) led to greater loss of soil organic carbon than stubble burning. Loss of total soil organic carbon attributed to stubble burning in the 0–10 cm layer was estimated to be 1.75 t C ha⁻¹ over the period of the 19-year trial, equivalent to 29% of that lost due to tillage. In the 5-year trial, no change in soil organic carbon due to stubble burning was detectable. Changes in soil quality associated with stubble burning detected in the longer trial included a reduction in macro-aggregate stability, and increases in pH and exchangeable K⁺. Only the latter two were detected in the shorter trial. A higher mean wheat yield (average 0.15 t ha⁻¹) following stubble burning was observed in the 19-year trial but not in the 5-year trial. Research to monitor the longer term effects of stubble burning is needed, and to identify conditions where loss of soil organic carbon is minimized.  相似文献   

Impact of traditional soil burning (guie) on Planosol properties and land‐use intensification in south‐western Ethiopia          下载免费PDF全文

A. Verdoodt  M. Dumon  J. Deckers  E. Van Ranst 《Soil Use and Management》2015,31(2):330-336

In the Gilgel Gibe catchment in Ethiopia, local farmers intensify land use on Planosols by adjusting a traditional soil burning practice known as guie. The burning practice used to be applied in a cycle of shifting cultivation. However, more recently, farmers burn small plots to make fertile seedbeds for Eucalyptus seedlings in the first year before these trees are transplanted to larger plots. The purpose of this research was to assess the physico‐chemical properties of Planosols that have been subjected to burning over the last 10 yrs and evaluate the contribution of guie to land‐use intensification of these soils. Transect studies and interviews of local farmers, followed by chemical, physical and micromorphological analyses of samples from selected plots were used to compare the soil properties of recently (0–2 yrs) and formerly (3–10 yrs) burnt Planosols with those of unburnt Planosols. The analytical results show that the burning practice improved nutrient availability in the first 2 yrs after guie. Increased amounts of exchangeable aluminium (Al) were reported in the long term. Charge fingerprints illustrate that the nutrient‐buffering capacity of the soil was high shortly after the practice but subsequently decreased with time. Given the population pressure on the formerly extensively used Planosols, it is argued that the current application of guie on small, localized plots for raising Eucalyptus seedlings is well adapted to the local socio‐economic context and promotes land‐use intensification on the Planosols. The increased exchangeable Al content of former Eucalyptus seedbeds merits further in‐depth research into the biophysical sustainability of the burning practice.  相似文献   

基于社会燃烧理论的耕地非农化驱动因素分析     

赵奕祁 《湖北农业科学》2017,56(5)

中国耕地非农化现象日益明显。基于社会燃烧理论分析了耕地非农化的驱动原理,建立了耕地非农化影响机制模型,并运用SPSS 19.0软件对分类驱动因素进行了主成分及回归分析。结果表明,人均GDP和固定资产投资所占GDP比重等经济发展变量对耕地非农化水平的正向影响最大;粮食单产、总产等农业技术变量对耕地非农化水平具有最大的逆向影响。最后在模型拟合的基础上提出了相应的对策与建议,旨在为合理有效保护耕地提供参考。  相似文献   

小型生物质直燃炉结构设计     

石毅新  蒋蘋  彭才望 《湖南农机》2015,(1):25-27

基于目前现有生物质燃烧炉的燃烧效率低,且燃烧过程中焦油生成过多等问题。以高效率燃烧方式的薄层燃烧为该小型生物质直燃炉的主要燃烧方式,大大提高燃烧效率的同时,有效较低焦油与烟尘的产生,并且采用螺杆输送装置对炉膛进行持续供料,实现稳定的不间断燃烧,为成功解决农村生物质燃料浪费及环境污染起到积极作用,为新形势下的能源可持续发展提供思路。  相似文献   

柴油发动机烧瓦抱轴的原因及预防措施     

于金伟 《农机化研究》2007,(9):224-225

主要介绍了柴油机烧瓦时的现象及其烧损机理,分析了引发烧瓦抱轴的原因,主要是由于轴颈与轴瓦的装配间隙调整不当;发动机在使用中机油变质或短缺;没有合理正常形成油膜间隙;使得曲轴与轴瓦之间因缺少机油润滑而咬死,并就此问题提出了预防措施,可供借鉴.  相似文献   

日本对虾越冬亲虾性腺促熟及工厂化育苗技术研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李克波  刘佳爱  冷丙田  刘彦飞  韩政连  汪洋 《海洋渔业》2000,22(3):110-112

1997、1998年利用越冬亲虾进行性腺促熟,用镊烫法切除眼柄,促进亲虾发育。结果:两年共培育亲虾雌虾8204尾。雄虾5683尾,获交尾虾5360尾。交尾率为71.81％。每年两批育苗,共利用水体1720m~3,育出0.7～1.1cm的虾苗12450万尾,平均单位水体出苗量为7.24万尾/m~3,效益显著。  相似文献   

中国粮食作物秸秆焚烧排碳量及转化生物炭固碳量的估算   总被引：18，自引：16，他引：18  

李飞跃  汪建飞 《农业工程学报》2013,29(14):1-7

生物质燃烧对全球大气碳排放和气候变化产生重要的影响。近年来,利用生物质制备生物炭实现碳封存备受重视。该文根据2001-2010年中国粮食产量,估算了主要粮食作物秸秆产量,结合秸秆露天焚烧比例及CO和CO2排放因子,得出CO和CO2的排放量及碳排放总量。同时,根据实验室条件下秸秆转化为生物炭的产率及碳含量,估算了中国粮食作物秸秆转化生物炭后固定碳的量。结果发现,中国粮食作物秸秆因焚烧年排放CO、CO2和总碳量分别为1.15×107、1.57×108和4.77×107t。中国粮食作物秸秆全部转化为生物炭后年平均可固碳0.96×108t,如果把每年焚烧秸秆的量全部转化为生物炭可减少近一半因焚烧秸秆排放碳的量,可见,生物炭固碳技术是一种非常有前景的碳汇技术。  相似文献   

浅谈煤质变化对锅炉燃烧的影响     

廉平 《林业科技情报》2010,42(3):91-92

通过解析煤在锅炉中的燃烧过程和特点,分析了不同煤质对锅炉燃烧的影响。阐明了应最大限度地降低煤质变化对锅炉燃烧带来的不利影响,以实现供热锅炉的优化运行。  相似文献   

采伐干扰和火烧对大兴安岭森林土壤化学性质的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

宋启亮  董希斌  李勇  刘继明 《森林工程》2010,26(5):4-7

以大兴安岭新林林业局宏图林场内的试验地为研究对象,对林地土壤的化学性质进行测定和分析。结果表明：采伐干扰试验迹地土壤pH值较未受干扰的迹地有所增加,而有机质含量和各种营养元素的含量均降低。火烧使大兴安岭林区实验迹地的土壤的酸性增强,经过火烧的样地要比未受干扰样地有机质含量高。土壤全N、有效N的含量在火烧后初期增加,随着时间的推移有所降低,后期又再次上升,并且含量超过火烧前的水平,火烧对土壤全P、全K、有效K含量没有明显的影响,基本保持未受干扰的水平,不同火烧年限迹地之间并无显著的差异,土壤有效P的含量在火烧初期下降,之后呈现上升趋势。  相似文献