Diversity in the carotenoid profiles and the expression of genes related to carotenoid accumulation among citrus genotypes     

Yoshinori Ikoma  Hikaru Matsumoto  Masaya Kato 《Breeding Science》2016,66(1):139-147

Carotenoids are not only important to the plants themselves but also are beneficial to human health. Since citrus fruit is a good source of carotenoids for the human diet, it is important to study carotenoid profiles and the accumulation mechanism in citrus fruit. Thus, in the present paper, we describe the diversity in the carotenoid profiles of fruit among citrus genotypes. In regard to carotenoids, such as β-cryptoxanthin, violaxanthin, lycopene, and β-citraurin, the relationship between the carotenoid profile and the expression of carotenoid-biosynthetic genes is discussed. Finally, recent results of quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses of carotenoid contents and expression levels of carotenoid-biosynthetic genes in citrus fruit are shown.  相似文献   

胡萝卜根中主要类胡萝卜素含量相关QTL的精细定位     

欧承刚  孙婷婷  刘新艳  李成江  徐东辉  赵志伟  庄飞云 《园艺学报》2017,44(2):288-296

以白色的野生胡萝卜‘松滋野生’(Ws)和橘色的栽培胡萝卜品种‘Amsterdam’(Af)为亲本构建的回交重组自交系(BIL)为试材,基于低倍重测序技术开发SNP标记,构建了由1 976个Bin标记组成,包含29 435个SNP标记的遗传图谱。图谱总距离834.28 c M,平均图距0.42 c M。通过对胡萝卜肉质根中类胡萝卜素含量相关QTL分析,在连锁群LG04和LG08中检测到调控α–胡萝卜素、β–胡萝卜素、ζ–胡萝卜素、叶黄素、玉米黄质和总类胡萝卜素含量的主效QTL(M-QTL)2、2、3、2、2和2个,表型贡献率为11.47%~19.18%;另检测到调控α–胡萝卜素、β–胡萝卜素、ζ–胡萝卜素、玉米黄质和总类胡萝卜素含量的上位性QTL(E-QTL)1、1、2、1和1个,表型贡献率为2.50%~3.66%。在M-QTL显著区间内共检索到36个有功能注释的预测基因,其中Dck018297为ζ–胡萝卜素脱氢酶2基因,与调控β–胡萝卜素合成和总类胡萝卜素含量有关;Dck008006为乙烯响应因子2.2的同源基因,与调控α–胡萝卜素、ζ–胡萝卜素合成有关;Dck029898为转录因子b HLH135的同源基因,与调控玉米黄质合成有关。  相似文献   

Metabolie Engineering of Flower Color in Ornamental Plants     

《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(1-2):301-324

Abstract

Advances in the knowledge of plant pigment pathways at genetic, biochemical and molecular levels, and the establishment of genetic transformation methods for an increasing number of plant species have paved the way to genetic engineering of flower and plant color for ornamental purposes. From trial-and-error approaches based on the available few genes, the trend is now to comprehensively study the target species, genotypes and pigment pathways to precisely address specific breeding goals. This review examines the state of the art in this field, from the pioneering stages to fundamental and applied research on flavonoids, which is being extended to carotenoids and is also likely to involve other pigments in the near future.  相似文献   

红檵木叶色变化的生理生化研究   总被引：33，自引：0，他引：33  

唐前瑞  陈德富  陈友云  张宏志  周朴华 《林业科学》2006,42(2):111-115

红檵木(Loropetalum chinense var.rubrum)在春季新叶初发时,花红叶红,且叶片红艳可人,具有很高的观赏价值.但随着叶龄的增大,叶色发生较大变化,在初夏叶色变为暗红色,到了盛夏高温季节,叶色几乎变成了绿色,出现了生产上称之的"高温返青"现象.  相似文献   

类胡萝卜素代谢途径基因变异导致园艺植物色泽差异的研究进展     

曾旭梅  席婉  朱琳琳  袁金梅  熊康舜  王彩云  郑日如 《华中农业大学学报》2022,41(3):181-190

类胡萝卜素是园艺植物中广泛存在的次生代谢物和色素物质,在植物生长发育和观赏价值中发挥重要作用。同时它也是高价值的天然活性物质,对人体健康有益。因此,类胡萝卜素的代谢调控一直是园艺植物的研究热点。类胡萝卜素组分和含量的差异是造成园艺植物色泽和营养成分多样性的重要原因之一,解析优质性状形成的分子机制是进行定向改良的前提和基础。目前,植物类胡萝卜素代谢途径已明确,大量研究表明代谢通路上基因的启动子和编码区变异是造成类胡萝卜素代谢多样性的关键因素之一。本文对园艺植物类胡萝卜素变异遗传机制的研究策略、启动子和编码区的变异类型及变异对类胡萝卜素代谢的影响进行综述,为园艺植物类胡萝卜素的定向改良提供理论依据。  相似文献   

饲料中添加虾青素对红罗非鱼各组织类胡萝卜素含量和沉积率的影响   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

公翠萍  朱文彬  刘浩亮  梁政远  董在杰 《上海海洋大学学报》2014,23(3):417-422

通过在饲料中添加不同含量虾青素,测定粉白、红斑、黑斑3种体色红罗非鱼各组织(皮肤、鳍、肌肉、眼球、鳃)类胡萝卜素含量的变化,分析不同虾青素含量对红罗非鱼不同组织类胡萝卜素含量的影响,从而推断类胡萝卜素在不同组织间的表达和沉积方式。结果显示,虾青素添加量为400 mg/kg时,红罗非鱼皮肤、鳍、肌肉、眼球和鳃中的类胡萝卜素含量与对照组相比均明显提高,体色明显改善,其中黑斑红罗非鱼鳃部类胡萝卜素沉积比对照组有显著提高(P0.05)。而当虾青素添加量为800 mg/kg时,粉白红罗非鱼鳍上和鳃部及黑斑红罗非鱼鳃部类胡萝卜素沉积比对照组有显著提高(P0.05),但3种体色红罗非鱼一些组织器官类胡萝卜素含量相对对照组及虾青素添加量为400 mg/kg时有所下降,红罗非鱼体色变化不明显。虾青素含量对红罗非鱼各组织类胡萝卜素总含量有显著影响(P0.01);而红罗非鱼体色对类胡萝卜素总含量影响不显著(P0.05);虾青素和体色交互作用对类胡萝卜素含量有较显著影响(P0.05)。聚类分析表明,类胡萝卜素在红罗非鱼的鳍中沉积率最高,其次为鳃,再次为眼球,皮肤和肌肉沉积率最低。  相似文献   

Synthetic Biology and Metabolic Engineering for Marine Carotenoids: New Opportunities and Future Prospects     

Chonglong Wang  Jung-Hun Kim  Seon-Won Kim 《Marine drugs》2014,12(9):4810-4832

Carotenoids are a class of diverse pigments with important biological roles such as light capture and antioxidative activities. Many novel carotenoids have been isolated from marine organisms to date and have shown various utilizations as nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. In this review, we summarize the pathways and enzymes of carotenoid synthesis and discuss various modifications of marine carotenoids. The advances in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology for carotenoid production are also reviewed, in hopes that this review will promote the exploration of marine carotenoid for their utilizations.  相似文献   

Diversity of Antioxidant Content and Its Relationship to Grain Color and Morphological Characteristics in Winter Wheat Grains     

MA  Dong-yun SUN  De-xiang ZUO  Yi WANG  Chen-yang ZHU  Yun-ji GUO  Tian-cai 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2014,(6):1258-1267

The current interest in the health beneifts of whole wheat grain has prompted breeders to further increase the concentration of antioxidants in wheat. The objective of this study was to investigate the variation in antioxidant content among Chinese wheat grains and the relationship between antioxidants and grain color and morphological characteristics. A wide variation was observed in the total phenolic, carotenoid and lfavonoid contents, as well as the antioxidant activity （AOA）, of Chinese wheat varieties. Black wheat had the highest mean total phenolic, carotenoid and lfavonoid contents and the highest AOA, followed by red and white wheats. The grain color parameters were signiifcantly negatively correlated with total phenolic, carotenoid and lfavonoid contents and AOA among all of the wheat varieties examined, and grain weight was also signiifcantly negatively correlated with these traits. The same correlation between grain weight and antioxidant traits was also observed within individual groups of wheat, which indicates that grain weight may be used as an index for selecting wheat varieties with high AOA. Landraces had signiifcantly higher lfavonoid content than commercial wheat varieties. The results of this study may be useful for breeding nutrient-rich wheat varieties.  相似文献   

墨西哥柏幼苗生长和光合生理对氮沉降的响应   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李红梅  万福绪  李杰  有连兴 《林业科技开发》2014,28(1)

选取2年生墨西哥柏幼苗为试验对象,以NH4NO3为外加氮源,通过模拟氮沉降试验,研究其生长和光合生理对氮增加的响应.结果表明:幼苗在高氮水平处理下其生长不断受到抑制,而在中氮水平处理下,幼苗生长不断得到促进.随着施氮浓度增加,墨西哥柏幼苗的根质量和根长均降低,表明氮处理抑制根的生长,分配到根部分的生物量下降.幼苗的净光合速率呈现出随氮处理浓度增加而先增加后降低的趋势,即中氮组的净光合速率最高,而高氮组开始逐渐下降.幼苗的水分利用效率变化趋势与净光合速率一致.幼苗叶片光合色素含量随氮处理水平增加而增加.说明短期内中氮水平对幼苗生长和光合作用影响最显著,而高氮水平对幼苗光合色素影响最显著.  相似文献   

夏橙果实发育后期及返青期类胡萝卜素积累及乙烯的调控     

孟祥春  高子祥  张昭其  张爱玉 《中国农业科学》2011,44(3):538-544

 【目的】明确夏橙发育后期转黄及返青过程中类胡萝卜素积累及关键合成酶基因表达的变化及乙烯的调控作用。【方法】将夏橙果实发育的后期和成熟过程分为转黄期（P1—P4）及返青期（P5—P7）共7个时期,通过比色法和Northern-blotting法分析发育后期成熟过程中及乙烯作用下果皮中类胡萝卜素的含量及其合成关键酶PSY、PDS和ZDS基因表达水平的变化。【结果】证实P1—P7发育过程中果皮发生由青至黄,继而返青的颜色变化,与果皮中类胡萝卜素积累及其合成途径中PSY、PDS和ZDS基因表达水平的变化趋势一致。乙烯可促进转黄期夏橙果皮中类胡萝卜素积累及PSY基因的表达,而对PDS和ZDS基因表达的影响不显著。乙烯处理不影响返青期果实中类胡萝卜素的积累,但能够阻碍果实成熟后期PSY和PDS基因表达水平的减弱。【结论】夏橙果实在发育后期及成熟过程中,乙烯在转黄期及返青期对类胡萝卜素积累及PSY和PDS基因表达的影响不同,暗示乙烯的调控作用还受果实发育相关因子的影响。在夏橙转黄期可以用乙烯促进转黄着色,而在返青期利用乙烯不能达到脱绿的效果。  相似文献