一种基于硼氢化钠的新型储氢材料研究     

赵顺禹  张溪 《湖南农机》2016,(3):43-45

硼氢化钠的水解产物是一种新的储氢材料，其良好的可逆储氢能力在5MPa氢气压力真空条件下3分钟后在室温下吸收氢150。根据报道，它已被证明，这两种改变的催化剂NaBH4水解和添加催化剂直接插入接口是两个非常有效进一步提高接口的储氢容量。对hpsb-y2o3脱氢TiO2分别掺杂均达到重量2.4%和重量4.6%。重要的是对hpsb-y2o3可逆的脱氢能力不下降后成功———超循环。相比之下，对hpsb-ceo2可逆脱氢高达到重量5.9%，在室温下5分钟后3MPa氢气压力150氢吸附。  相似文献   

仿生法评定抗草甘膦玉米和转Bt基因玉米的酶水解物能值的研究     

钟儒清  陈亮  高理想  黄庆华  刘蕾  张宏福 《动物营养学报》2015,27(5)

本试验旨在分析抗草甘膦玉米和转Bt基因玉米原料及饲粮与同源非转基因玉米原料及饲粮体外总能消化率以及酶水解物能值,为转基因玉米的营养实质等同性仿生评定方法的研究提供参考。试验采用单因素完全随机设计,使用单胃动物仿生消化系统模拟饲料原料和饲粮在鸡胃肠道的消化过程,分析同源非转基因玉米、抗草甘膦玉米和转Bt基因玉米以及对应的3种玉米-豆粕饲粮在不同体外模拟消化阶段的干物质消化率、总能消化率和酶水解物能值的差异。结果表明:同源非转基因玉米、抗草甘膦玉米和转Bt基因玉米以及对应饲粮在常规概率成分含量上是相似的。抗草甘膦玉米及饲粮与同源非转基因玉米及饲粮相比,在干物质和能量胃消化率、全消化道消化率及酶水解物能值上均没有显著差异(P0.05)。转Bt基因玉米全消化道总能消化率低于同源非转基因玉米(P=0.03,变异系数=0.50%),对应玉米饲粮的酶水解物能值则高于同源非转基因玉米饲粮(P=0.02,变异系数=1.12%),但均处于仿生消化系统测试的误差范围内(变异系数≤1.64%)。由此可见,抗草甘膦玉米的酶水解物能值与同源对照玉米没有差异,而转Bt基因玉米存在统计学意义上的差异,但所有的测值均处于仿生消化系统的测试误差之内。仿生法发现的差异是否具有生物学意义有待体内试验验证。仿生法可为转基因饲料营养等同性研究提供一种新方法。  相似文献   

Effects of dietary Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance,immune response and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets     

Runqi Fu  Chan Liang  Daiwen Chen  Hui Yan  Gang Tian  Ping Zheng  Jun He  Jie Yu  Xiangbing Mao  Zhiqing Huang  Yuheng Luo  Junqiu Luo  Bing Yu 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2021,105(5):898-907

The present study investigated the effects of Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance, immune response and intestinal barrier function of weaned piglets. Twenty-four weaned piglets with an average body weight (BW) of 6.89 ± 0.15 kg were divided into four diets for 28 days. The treatments were basal diet (control), basal diet supplemented with antibiotic (20 mg/kg colistin sulphate and 40 mg/kg bacitracin zinc, AT), probiotics (400 mg/kg Bacillus coagulans ≥5 × 109 CFU/g, BC) or yeast hydrolysate (5000 mg/kg yeast hydrolysate, YH). Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were improved by AT and YH diets (p < 0.05), while BC diet only increased ADG (p < 0.05). The complement 3 (C3), lysozyme (LZM) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations in serum were increased in BC diet (p < 0.05). Feeding AT and YH caused the increase of jejunal villus height (p < 0.05), and a higher ratio of villus height/crypt depth was observed in AT, BC and YH groups (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in jejunal mucosa was up-regulated by AT, BC and YH diets (p < 0.05). Dietary AT, BC or YH inclusion decreased the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) concentration and TNF-α mRNA expression (p < 0.05), and YH supplementation even down-regulated toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and CD14 expressions (p < 0.05). In summary, the dietary administration of BC or YH both improves growth performance through promoting the intestinal barrier function, indicating both of them can serve as potential alternatives to antibiotics growth promoters for the piglet production.  相似文献   

平菇培养料发酵过程理化因素及微生物变化研究     

常路路  申进文 《中国食用菌》2012,(4):34-36

通过对平菇(Pleurotus ostreatus)玉米芯培养料进行发酵处理,监测玉米芯发酵料的堆温和pH值变化,对不同发酵阶段进行微生物区系分析并测定了发酵过程中脱氢酶和碱性磷酸酶的变化。结果表明,在玉米芯培养料的发酵过程中,堆温先升高后降低,而pH值先降低后升高。微生物主要以细菌和放线菌为主,真菌数量很少。随着发酵的进行,细菌和放线菌数量,脱氢酶以及碱性磷酸酶的活性呈逐渐上升趋势。  相似文献   

蒸汽爆破技术在玉米秸秆饲料化利用中的研究进展     

聂德超  张卓  赵琛  李艳玲 《中国畜牧兽医》2021,48(12):4488-4496

玉米秸秆是作物残余物中最丰富的木质纤维素生物质之一,主要由纤维素、半纤维素和木质素通过氢键及其他化学键、分子键结合而成,是具有复杂聚合结构的高分子化合物,作为动物饲料的可利用率较低。蒸汽爆破即汽爆,是应用蒸汽弹射原理实现爆炸过程中对生物质预处理的技术。将蒸汽爆破技术应用于玉米秸秆处理,可高效分离纤维素,对玉米秸秆具有明显的解聚作用,有利于提高玉米秸秆的饲料化利用程度。作者介绍了蒸汽爆破工艺原理与参数,综述了蒸汽爆破处理对玉米秸秆纤维结构、化学成分和酶解产糖的影响,以及对玉米秸秆的营养成分消化率和瘤胃微生物附着的影响。已有研究表明,蒸汽爆破可使蒸汽分子渗入植物组织,经过瞬时释放将内能转化为机械能,作用于生物质组织细胞层间,达到原料分解的目的;蒸汽爆破可改变玉米秸秆的纤维结构,降低半纤维素和木质素含量,提高纤维素含量(随着蒸汽爆破的压强和维压时间的增加,半纤维素含量显著降低,而物料含水率的增加会导致纤维素含量升高);蒸汽爆破可提高玉米秸秆体外发酵酶解产糖率,随着蒸汽爆破压强和维压时间的增加,玉米秸秆体外培养酶解还原糖产量增加;蒸汽爆破可使玉米秸秆的体外发酵产气量、产气速率、干物质和酸性洗涤纤维含量显著提高,可提高反刍动物对玉米秸秆的消化利用率,充分利用玉米秸秆的纤维素,提高玉米秸秆的营养价值;蒸汽爆破通过破坏玉米秸秆的表面结构,可促进瘤胃微生物在玉米秸秆上的附着,从而促进玉米秸秆的降解。综上,蒸汽爆破技术处理玉米秸秆可提高其作为饲料的利用率。  相似文献   

Protein quality of larval feed with increased concentration of hydrolysed protein: effects of heat treatment and leaching     

A. NORDGREEN  S. TONHEIM  & K. HAMRE 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2009,15(5):525-536

Four heat coagulated early weaning diets with increasing concentrations of pepsin hydrolysed protein, were investigated with regard to the change in protein quality during feed production and exposure to leaching. Water-soluble N, trichloroacetic acid-soluble N and amino acid (AA) profiles were determined in finished diets and in diets leached for 6 min. In vitro diet digestibility was measured and related to increasing inclusion of hydrolysed protein and N leakage. Seventeen to 47% of soluble N in the feed ingredients was made insoluble by heat denaturation during feed production, but the concentration of peptides and free amino acids (FAA) were not influenced. All peptides/FAA and 70–80% of water-soluble protein were lost after exposure to leaching. Increased inclusion of hydrolysed protein increased the loss of crude protein (15–30%). All taurine and 30% of histidine was lost during leaching, no other major changes in AA profile were found. There was no difference in digestibility between diets exposed to leaching. However, leached diets showed reduced digestibility as compared to diets that had not been exposed to leaching. In conclusion micro-bound type diets as used in this study have a low efficiency in delivering soluble N to fish larvae and should be carefully considered for this purpose.  相似文献   

纤维素酶在玉米芯上的吸附及其水解作用   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

詹小明  夏黎明 《林产化学与工业》2005,25(3):76-80

对纤维素酶在玉米芯纤维底物上的吸附特征及其水解作用进行了研究.纤维素酶组分中的外切型β-葡聚糖酶(C1酶) 、内切型β-葡聚糖酶(CMC酶)和纤维二糖酶(CB酶)在同一纤维素底物上具有不同的吸附性质,底物的粒度、预处理条件、pH值、温度等因素对纤维素酶的吸附具有不同的影响.在特定的酶解条件下(底物质量分数10 %,pH值4.8,50 ℃),C1酶、CMC酶组分主要吸附在玉米芯纤维底物上,而CB酶组分则大部分游离在液相中.利用纤维素酶的吸附特性,在玉米芯酶解工艺中实现了纤维素酶的回收复用.当玉米芯纤维底物质量分数为10 %,纤维素酶初始用量为每克底物15 FPIU ,酶解48 h后滤去水解液,保留纤维素残渣并加入新鲜底物,同时补加纤维二糖酶(每克底物4 IU)和少量纤维素酶(每克底物7.5 FPIU),继续酶解48 h,如此重复进行.连续重复7批的试验结果表明:这一酶解工艺简便易行,纤维素酶的用量可节约50 %, 同时纤维素的酶解得率平均可达80 %以上.这一研究结果在可再生纤维素资源酶法糖化利用方面具有重要意义.  相似文献   

玉米芯水解液发酵生产木糖醇的研究   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7  

孙昆山  夏黎明 《林产化学与工业》2002,22(2):26-30

假丝酵母（Candida sp.)菌株经驯化后显著地提高了对水解液中发酵抑制物质的耐受力，从而增加了木糖利用率和木糖醇得率，玉米芯水解液经过石灰中和后，在30℃下采用台化后的假丝酵母菌株直接发酵生产木糖醇，对发酵条件进行了优化，优化结果为：接种量10%（体积比），种子龄17h，氮源组成：1.5g/L的酵母浸膏，2.5g/L的胰蛋白胨，250mL三角瓶装液120mL，初始pH值5.5。在此条件下，木糖的利用率达79.8%，木糖醇得率达62.4%^，该方法大大降低了预处理的成本，显示了良好的应用前景。  相似文献   

Effects of food enriched with egg yolk hydrolysate (bone peptide) on bone metabolism in orchidectomized dogs     

Toyokazu KOBAYASHI  Hiroshi KOIE  Arisa WATANABE  Arisa INO  Kazuya WATABE  Mujo KIM  Kiichi KANAYAMA  Kazuya OTSUJI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(4):503-506

We examined the effects of chicken egg hydrolysate (also known as “bone peptide” or BP) on bone metabolism in 5- to 8-month-old orchidectomized dogs. The bone formation marker serum bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) and the bone resorption marker urine deoxypyridinoline (DPD) were used as indicators to measure changes in bone metabolism. The following results were observed that Serum BAP was higher in dogs fed BP-enriched food throughout the clinical investigation. Serum BAP was statistically significantly higher in dogs fed BP-enriched food than in dogs fed non-BP-enriched food at 2 months after orchidectomy. This suggests that BP promoted bone formation immediately after orchidectomy.  相似文献   

PAM预处理玉米秸秆中半纤维素水解动力学分析     

吕谦  谭玉凤  张慧  林昊  肖卫华 《农业机械学报》2023,54(6):394-400

过氧乙酸复合马来酸(Peracetic acid and maleic acid, PAM)能有效将玉米秸秆中木质素和半纤维素脱除分离得到纤维素,同时将半纤维素降解为木糖,然而PAM预处理中半纤维素的降解机制尚不清楚。以单独过氧乙酸(Peracetic acid, PA)预处理为对照,考察了90～120℃PAM预处理玉米秸秆中半纤维素的水解动力学,采用双相水解动力学模型拟合分析了玉米秸秆中半纤维素的水解反应动力学参数。结果表明,半纤维素的水解由快速水解和慢速水解两个阶段构成,慢速水解部分的比例随着反应温度的升高而下降。与PA预处理对比发现PAM预处理可以将木聚糖快速反应和慢速反应的活化能分别降低至71.4 kJ/mol和79.1 kJ/mol,并且显著提高木聚糖的水解反应速率。研究结果证实了该模型可以有效模拟木聚糖的水解过程,揭示了PAM预处理促进半纤维素水解作用的动力学机制。  相似文献