Evaluation of Dynamic Structural Disorders in the Upper Airways and Applied Rein Tension in Healthy Dressage Horses During Riding in Different Gaits and Head–Neck Positions     

《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2020

Flexion of the horse’s head and neck during dressage riding reduces the pharyngeal lumen with the risk of increased upper airway resistance and upper airway obstructions. According to the Fédération Equestre Internationale, hyperflexion is achieved through force, whereas the position low–deep–round is nonforced. The objectives of this study were to evaluate (1) applied rein tension and (2) dynamic structural disorders in the upper airways in dressage horses in different gaits and different head–neck positions (HNPs). Overground endoscopy (OGE) and rein tension were evaluated in 13 clinically healthy and high-performance Warmblood dressage horses while being ridden in a standardized program comprised of four different gaits (halt, walk, trot, and canter) and in four HNPs (unrestrained, competition frame, hyperflexion, and low–deep–round). All included horses were able to achieve the desired HNPs. The HNP low–deep–round showed significantly lower rein tension than competition frame (P < .001) and hyperflexion (P < .001). An association was found between dynamic structural disorders in the upper airway tract evaluated by OGE and head–neck flexion, but this association was not linked to the degree of flexion. The HNP hyperflexion was neither associated with greater rein tension nor severe dynamic structural disorders than the HNP competition frame. This study confirms that low–deep–round is a nonforced position, in contrast to hyperflexion. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether dynamic structural disorders are a result of flexion or if the degree of flexion has an impact.  相似文献   

OsGA20ox2不同长度RNAi片段对水稻株高等农艺性状的遗传效应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王坚  赵开军  乔枫  杨生龙 《作物学报》2012,38(4):632-638

利用OsGA20ox2基因序列构建不同长度的RNAi片段并导入水稻，获得不同高度的矮化植株。将这些矮化植株与野生型植株回交获得B₁F₂群体，卡方检测表明B₁F₂群体矮秆植株数和高秆植株数符合3∶1比例，表现为矮秆显性的遗传规律。对矮化植株的F₅和B₁F₂群体株高、各茎节间长度和一些主要农艺性状方差分析显示, OsGA20ox2基因的RNAi能显著缩短株高和各节间长度(P<0.05)，RNAi干扰片段越长，使植株株高和节间长度缩短程度越大，可使株高降低24~42 cm，矮化22%~39%。在同一长度的RNAi干扰片段下，倒一节节间长度平均缩短与倒二节节间长度平均缩短非常相近，倒三节和倒四节节间长度平均缩短非常相近，总的缩短程度是倒四节>倒三节>倒二节>倒一节。这种近基部节间长度缩短幅度和比例较大的特点，利于提高水稻的抗倒伏能力，同时上部节间缩短幅度和比例较小，有效地保持合理株高，不使生物产量明显降低，有利于水稻的稳产和高产。OsGA20ox2基因的RNAi不影响如千粒重、结实率、穗长等其他主要农艺性状或影响很小。  相似文献   

毛竹快速拔节过程节间组织cDNA文库的构建与分析     

郑丽娜  周明兵 《福建林业科技》2012,39(3):19-23

以同一棵毛竹笋上快速伸长生长的节间组织和基本停止伸长生长的节间组织为材料,分别提取总RNA,纯化成mR-NA后合成cDNA双链;以Uni-ZAP XR vector为载体,构建了2个cDNA文库。快速伸长生长的、停止伸长生长的节间组织cDNA文库的滴度分别为9.7×109、8.4×109pfu.mL-1,含插入片段的频率均达到99%以上,插入片段的大小均在500～3000 bp。cDNA文库的成功构建为探究毛竹快速生长的分子机理奠定了基础。  相似文献   

Evaluation of laryngeal function under the influence of various head and neck positions during exercise in 58 performance horses     

L. Go  A. K. Barton  B. Ohnesorge 《Equine Veterinary Education》2014,26(1):41-47

The objective of this study was to examine laryngeal function at rest and during ridden exercise and to further analyse the impact of different head and neck positions on the laryngeal function in ridden sport horses. Fifty‐eight Warmblood horses were examined endoscopically during ridden exercise as well as during quiet breathing at rest before and after sedation. Four different head‐neck positions (unrestrained, reference, elevation and hyperflexion) were assessed during the exercise test. Laryngeal function was graded at rest and for every combination of gait and head and neck position during exercise. There was a significant correlation between the grade of laryngeal function during exercise and at rest both before (correlation coefficient = 0.794) and after (correlation coefficient = 0.741) sedation (P<0.01). No significant association was found between the grade of laryngeal function during exercise and the different head and neck positions.  相似文献   

Relationship Between the Conducting Tissue in the First Internode and the Grain filling of Super Large Panicle Rice Restore Line R1126 and Its Derived Combinations     

ZHOU Hong ying  ZHANG Gui lian  XIAO Ying hui  TANG Wen bang  CHEN Li yun 《中国水稻科学》2014,28(4):411

  相似文献   

人体颈部动力学响应分析有限元模型的建立和验证     

杨济匡  姚剑峰 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2003,30(4)

根据汽车碰撞事故中人体颈部损伤防护技术研究的需要。建立了一个人体颈部三维有限元模型。该模型参照人体解剖结构模拟了颈椎骨、椎间盘、小关节、韧带、肌肉和软骨等组织，共由15811个单元构成。各组织的材料特性采用了弹性、粘弹性、和刚性材料模型来描述．模型用前碰撞志愿者实验数据进行了验证。其头部的加速度、位移曲线与实验数据得到了较好的吻合。本文初步研究了软组织特性参数对于颈部运动的影响。该模型具有较高的生物逼真度，可对头颈部在汽车碰撞载荷条件下的加速度、速度、位移等动力学响应参数进行分析研究。  相似文献   

亚种间杂交稻穗颈节间组织与物质运转关系的研究   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

肖应辉  陈立云  余铁桥  唐湘如  罗利华 《作物学报》2001,27(3):392-396

以品种间杂交稻为对照，对亚种间杂交稻干物质运转与穗颈节间某些性状的关系进行了研究。结果表明：杂交水稻结实期间茎鞘干物质输出率与穗净增重、最终穗重及灌浆速率呈负相关；穗颈节间单位维管或单位韧皮面积上通过的干物质量与灌浆速率显著正相关；齐穗后10d灌浆速率与穗颈节间过氧化氢酶活性显著正相关。  相似文献   

Development of Elongated Uppermost Intemode CMS Lines for Hybrid Rice Breeding in India     

Development of cytoplasmic male sterile 《分子植物育种》2007,5(2):215-216

Development of cytoplasmic male sterile （CMS） lines with elongated uppermost internode （EUI） trait provides a genetic option to eliminate the use of GA3 in hybrid rice. During the past two decades, extensive work has been carried out on the subject that resulted in identification of several mutants with EUI trait for use in developing cytoplasmic/thermo-sensitive genic male-sterile lines with complete panicle exsertion （Okuno and Kawai, 1978; Rutger and Carnahan, 1981; Shen et al., 1987; Yang et al., 2000; 2002; Gangashetti et al., 2004）. Two recessive genes （eui-1 and eui-2） mapped on chromosome 5 and 10 respectively have so far been reported to control the internode elongation in rice （Librojo and Khush, 1986; Yang et al., 2001; Ma et al., 2004）. Considerable progress has been made in China in exploiting ＇eur gene for development of hybrid rice parental lines （Yang et al., 2000; 2002; Zhang et al., 2002）.  相似文献   

Partial resistance to neck blast influenced by stage of panicle development and rice genotype     

E. C. Roumen 《Euphytica》1992,64(3):173-182

Summary Neck nodes of eight rice genotypes were inoculated with a virulent isolate of the blast pathogen at four slightly different, increasingly older stages of panicle development shortly after flowering. Resistance to infection as well as resistance to growth of the pathogen after infection was assessed. Significant differences between genotypes were found for both components of resistance. Resistance to growth of the pathogen sharply increased with aging of the neck node as was indicated by a large reduction of the length of the lesions on the culm, but resistance to infection did not change much. The lesion length was closely related to yield loss. A small delay in time of infection can lead to a large decrease in yield reduction. Meaningful comparison of partial resistance to neck blast between genotypes therefore requires infection at an identical stage of panicle development. In the field, where panicles are in different stages of development, selection of genotypes that do show the symptoms of neck blast together with relatively little yield loss in infected panicles is recommended.  相似文献   

水稻不同穗型品种穗颈节间组织与籽粒充实特性的研究   总被引：15，自引：4，他引：15  

马均  马文波  周开达  汪旭东  田彦华  明东风  许凤英 《作物学报》2002,28(2):215-220

本文用7个不同穗型的中稻品种,研究了重穗型、中穗型、轻穗型品种的穗颈节间组织特性及其与籽粒充实的关系.结果表明:穗颈节间维管束数目,维管束、韧皮部面积,茎横切面、茎壁、髓腔面积,均是重穗型>中穗型>轻穗型品种.穗颈节间输导组织特征与空壳率的大小无关,但它是籽粒充实的重要前提和解剖学基础.穗颈节间茎的粗度、茎壁的  相似文献