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1.
Magdalena Mititelu Gabriela Stanciu Doina Dr&#x;g&#x;nescu Ana Corina Ioni &#x; Sorinel Marius Neac&#x;u Mihaela Dinu Raluca-Ioana Stefan-van Staden Elena Moro&#x;an 《Marine drugs》2022,20(1)
(1) Background: The mussel (Mytilus edulis, Mytilus galloprovincialis) is the most widespread lamellibranch mollusk, being fished on all coasts of the European seas. Mussels are also widely grown in Japan, China, and Spain, especially for food purposes. This paper shows an original technique for mussel shell processing for preparation of calcium salts, such as calcium levulinate. This process involves synthesis of calcium levulinate by treatment of Mytilus galloprovincialis shells with levulinic acid. The advantage of mussel shell utilization results in more straightforward qualitative composition. Thus, the weight of the mineral component lies with calcium carbonate, which can be used for extraction of pharmaceutical preparations. (2) Methods: Shell powder was first deproteinized by calcination, then the mineral part was treated with levulinic acid. The problem of shells generally resulting from the industrialization of marine molluscs creates enough shortcomings, if one only mentions storage and handling. One of the solutions proposed by us is the capitalization of calcium from shells in the pharmaceutical industry. (3) Results: The toxicity of calcium levulinate synthesized from the mussel shells was evaluated by the method known in the scientific literature as the Constantinescu phytobiological method (using wheat kernels, Triticum vulgare Mill). Acute toxicity of calcium levulinate was evaluated; the experiments showed the low toxicity of calcium levulinate. (4) Conclusion: The experimental results highlighted calcium as the predominant element in the composition of mussel shells, which strengthens the argument of capitalizing the shells as an important natural source of calcium. 相似文献
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- 1. Nubbins from 12 coral species were transplanted onto dead giant clam shells at three sites in a lagoon near Bolinao, north‐western Philippines. Transplants were attached using three types of adhesives: cyanoacrylate glue (SG), epoxy putty (EP) and marine epoxy (ME) and were monitored over five months for detachment, in situ mortality and natural self‐attachment by tissue growth.
- 2. Corals attached with SG showed a significantly higher rate of detachment (logrank test) than those attached with either EP or ME (P<0.001 in each case). Also, those attached with EP showed a higher rate of detachment than corals attached with ME (logrank=6.46, P<0.05).
- 3. ANOVA (P>0.05) and survival analysis (logrank=2.85, P>0.05) showed no among‐adhesives differences in in situ mortality. Among the species used, Porites cylindrica, Pavona frondifera, Heliopora coerulea and Porites rus had the highest survivorship with 82%, 80%, 76% and 73%, respectively, of nubbins alive at the end of the experiment and also displayed the highest cumulative rates of self‐attachment. Species with the lowest survival rates included Acropora muricata and four pocilloporids.
- 4. Although there was no significant difference in the number of self‐attaching transplants among the adhesives, corals transplanted using ME and EP self‐attached earlier than those transplanted using SG (logrank=11.19, P<0.01).
- 5. Results from this study highlight the importance of selecting the appropriate means of attaching corals to substrates and carefully considering species‐specific traits of candidate corals for transplantation.
3.
本文采用酶法预处理结合超声波辅助提取的方式,最大程度地提高了花生壳总黄酮的得率,并优化大孔树脂纯化工艺,提高了有效成分的纯度。花生壳黄酮的最佳提取工艺为：花生壳粉与水混合,半纤维素酶与木聚糖酶按1:1（m/m）复配,用量0.25‰,50℃酶解30 min后,按料液比1:20（m/V）加入乙醇至终浓度60%,于功率1000 W,55℃超声波辅助提取60 min,花生壳总黄酮的得率约为2.5%。选用D101型大孔树脂,上样缓冲液为pH 5.0的60%乙醇溶液,洗脱液为pH 10.0的70% 乙醇溶液,上样与洗脱流速为0.75 BV/h和1.5 BV/h。纯化后的花生壳总黄酮和木犀草素的纯度分别为10.54%和5.85%,提高了90%和120%。 相似文献
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[目的]研究银杏壳中类黄酮的提取工艺条件。[方法]采用乙醇水溶液作提取溶剂来提取银杏壳中的类黄酮,通过单因素试验考察提取时间、乙醇浓度、料液比和提取温度等主要因素对银杏类黄酮提取的影响,并采用正交试验确定传统醇提取法和微波协同萃取法提取银杏壳中类黄酮的最佳工艺条件。[结果]传统醇提取法的最佳条件为:提取温度为60℃,乙醇浓度为75%,料液比为1∶45(W/V,g/ml,下同),提取时间为2 h;在此条件下,类黄酮的得率为0.503 4%。微波法提取银杏壳中类黄酮的最佳条件为:微波温度为60℃,乙醇浓度45%,料液比1∶30,微波提取时间480 s;在此条件下,类黄酮得率为0.815%。[结论]微波提取法操作极为简便迅速,是一种快速、高效、节能的新型提取工艺,与传统醇提法比较,有一定的优越性。 相似文献
5.
[目的]研究改性核桃壳对含六价铬[Cr(Ⅵ)]废水的吸附效果,为核桃壳资源化开发利用提供新途径.[方法J以废弃核桃壳为原料,采用磷酸改性法制备核桃壳基吸附材料,通过扫描电镜(SEM)和红外光谱仪(FTIR)表征材料结构,并考察溶液初始pH、改性核桃壳投加量、吸附时间等因素对改性核桃壳处理含Cr(Ⅵ)废水效果的影响,同时研究改性核桃壳对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附过程的动力学模型和等温线模型.[结果]改性后核桃壳表面更粗糙且多孔,官能团结构改变;在Cr(Ⅵ)初始质量浓度100 mg/L、改性核桃壳投加量1.0 g、溶液pH 2.0的条件下吸附处理180 min,改性核桃壳对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附率达99.65%,高于未改性核桃壳的吸附率(43.64%);改性核桃壳的废水处理过程符合准二级动力学方程和Langmuir等温吸附式.[结论]采用磷酸改性法制备的改性核桃壳对Cr(Ⅵ)有较强的吸附能力,且操作简单、反应条件易于控制,可用于含Cr(Ⅵ)废水处理. 相似文献
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9.
改性白果壳对水溶液中重金属镉的吸附研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
为实现农林废弃物的资源化利用和开辟廉价、高效的重金属吸附剂,利用1%KMnO4溶液对白果壳进行化学改性,制备成KMnO4改性白果壳(命名为WSK),用于水溶液中Cd2+的吸附,研究温度、pH、反应时间、初始Cd2+浓度4个因素对WSK吸附Cd2+的影响,并通过模型拟合、电镜扫描(SEM)和红外光谱(FTIR)分析,对吸附机理进行了初步探讨。结果表明,WSK是一种理想的Cd2+吸附剂,其吸附性能受温度、pH、反应时间、Cd2+初始浓度的影响。吸附量与体系温度呈正相关,温度越高吸附量越大;随pH的增加吸附量先升高后降低,pH为5.5时,吸附效果最佳;在60 min后基本达到吸附平衡;随着Cd2+初始浓度的升高,WSK对水中Cd2+的吸附量逐渐增加,当Cd2+浓度为300 mg·L-1时,去除率为94.49%,基本达到吸附饱和。WSK对水中Cd2+的吸附符合Freundlich模型,决定系数R2为0.94,最大吸附量为119.76mg·g-1;吸附过程符合二级动力学吸附模型,R2为0.999 5。SEM照片显示WSK表面呈多孔结构,增加了WSK的比表面积、孔容及表面吸附位点,这有助于提高其吸附性能。红外光谱图分析表明,WSK主要靠-OH、-COO-、-NH-、C=O、-P=O、-CH-等离子活性官能基团与Cd2+配位结合,其中-COO-起重要作用。 相似文献
10.
郭线茹 《河南农业大学学报》1995,(3)
１９９２～１９９３年对桑盾蚧（Ｐｓｅｕｄａｕｌａｃａｓｐｉｓｐｅｎｔａｇｏｎａ）雌介壳在５ａ～８ａ生桃树上的分布进行了研究。结果表明：桑盾蚧雌介壳在桃树不同方位枝条上所占树表皮面积和枝条受害程度均表现为南边＞东边＞西边＞北边，且雌介壳多集中于主枝上；主枝上空介壳多于小枝；在桃园中雌介壳呈聚集分布。 相似文献