Use of treated mine water for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) culture: a production scale assessment   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Roger C. Viadero  Jr.  Aislinn E. Tierney  Kenneth J. Semmens   《Aquacultural Engineering》2004,31(3-4):319-336

In previous proof-of-concept work, it was shown that the use of treated coal mine water for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) culture in a cage was technically feasible, though only a 50-fish bioassay was grown and no work on production-related issues was conducted. To further advance the use of treated mine water, an under-utilized water resource throughout Mid Appalachia, work was conducted to assess the effects of using treated coal mine water for the intensive production of rainbow trout in a flow-through system. During this study, comprehensive water quality data were collected to supplement fish weight and length data taken during routine monthly sampling events. The 8000 fish grew well in the raceway system over the 9 months of production, where a feed conversion ratio of 1.4 and a condition factor of 5.1 × 10⁻⁴ were measured with stocking and harvest densities of 26.4 and 50.2 kg/m³, respectively. Further, total net production was 3275 kg (7220 lb) with 98.6% survival. Throughout the study, dissolved ion concentrations (Fe, Al, Mg, Ca, and SO₄) often exceeded recommended tolerance limits. Further, elevated ammonia nitrogen concentrations generated from a component of the mine water-treatment process were identified as a potential limiting factor for aquaculture development. However, when the non-ideal effects of high ionic strength and the speciation of dissolved metal–ligand complexes were taken into account, the concentrations of free metal ions were within recommended tolerance limits.  相似文献   

镉在海藻中的化学形态     

赵艳芳  宁劲松  翟毓秀  尚德荣 《水产学报》2011,35(3):405-409

利用化学试剂逐步提取法研究了紫菜、海带、裙带菜和羊栖菜中镉的存在化学形态。研究结果表明:镉以多种化学形态存在于4种海藻中,1 mol/L氯化钠提取态镉和 2% 醋酸提取态的镉所占比例较大,两者约占总镉含量的76.3%～92.9%。0.6 mol/L盐酸提取态、去离子水提取态和80%乙醇提取态镉所占比例较小,其中乙醇提取态(离子态镉)约仅占总镉含量的0.4%～9.2%,且对于4种海藻,紫菜中的离子态镉所占比例最低(均小于1%)。实验进一步证实以海藻中总镉含量作为检测标准不能准确反映海藻及其制品的食用安全性,因此亟需建立海藻中针对毒性较强的离子态镉的检测标准限量和快速有效的检测方法,以保障我国海藻产业和出口创汇经济的顺利发展。  相似文献   

渭河宝鸡段表层沉积物重金属污染研究     

王利军  卢新卫  雷凯  翟雨翔  黄静 《农业环境保护》2011,(2):334-340

采用现场采样及室内分析方法,在对渭河宝鸡段表层沉积物基本理化性质分析的基础上,研究了沉积物中重金属的含量、赋存形态及迁移特征,并进行了污染评价。结果表明,沉积物中Zn、Co、Cd和Hg的平均含量均高于世界、中国和陕西土壤元素背景值,其中Cd（中国和陕西土壤元素背景值的4倍）和Hg（中国和世界土壤元素背景值的7~8倍、陕西土壤元素背景值的16倍）尤为突出。Cr、Ni、Zn、Cu和Co在沉积物中主要以残余态形式存在（50%以上）,Pb主要以可还原态形式存在（近55%）,Mn和Cd主要以乙酸可提取态形式存在（近50%）。重金属迁移顺序为Mn（56.70%）≈Pb（56.65%）〉Cd（53.66%）〉Co（48.82%）〉Cu（43.99%）〉Zn（21.93%）〉N（i15.49%）〉C（r11.43%）,其中Mn、Pb、Cd、Co和Cu的危害较大,有近45%~60%可以发生迁移转化。污染评价结果表明,沉积物主要受到Cd和Hg污染,具有高的潜在生态危害。  相似文献   

伊通河(长春市区段)沉积物重金属元素化学形态分布特征   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

董德明  李海龙  李鱼  房春生  李晓红  许崇彦 《水土保持研究》2004,11(1):95-96,136

对伊通河（长春市区段）沉积物中重金属元素的含量和形态的分布特征进行了研究。结果表明,重金属元素的总量呈现出沿河变化的趋势,且各重金属元素沿河变化程度有很大区别;沉积物中铁主要以残渣态存在,Mn、Pb、Cu、Zn元素残渣态含量很低,而有效态含量却很大（70%）,即伊通河沉积物中存在着潜在的重金属污染。沉积物中重金属在各形态的叠加也有所区别,Pb和Cu主要叠加在有机物态和残渣态中,而Zn则主要叠加在铁锰氧化物态中。  相似文献   

蔬菜根际环境钒的形态变化及植物有效性     

侯明  ;黄以峰  ;何剑亮  ;韦月翠 《农业环境保护》2009,(7):1353-1357

通过盆栽试验和Tessier连续提取法,研究了蔬菜根际和非根际土壤中钒的形态分布与植物有效性。结果表明,钒在根际和非根际土壤中主要以残渣态和铁锰氧化物结合态存在,钒的含量随其形态不同而变化：当土壤中钒添加量从25mg·kg^-1增加到200mg·kg^-1时,根际土壤交换态钒的百分率增加了9．89％,碳酸盐结合态钒增加了9．38％,铁锰氧化物结合态钒增加了9．99％,残渣态钒的百分率下降了33．6％。土壤添加的钒量增加时,钒的迁移能力增强,使蔬菜的生物量显著降低,蔬菜对钒的吸收作用增强：钒添加量从0增至200mg·kg^-1时,蔬菜鲜质量降低了41．65％,而蔬菜中85％以上的钒积累在根部。根际土壤中碳酸盐结合态钒含量对植物的根、茎叶中钒含量有显著影响,碳酸盐结合态钒与蔬菜鲜质量呈显著负相关。  相似文献   

不同寄主上桃蛀果蛾的滞育研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

花保祯  曾晓慧  张皓 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》1998,26(5):25-29

调查了桃蛀果蛾Ｃａｒｐｏｓｉｎａｓａｓａｋｉ在杏、桃、枣、苹果、海红、梨、槟子、山楂、酸枣等寄主上幼虫的滞育情况和年发生代数,研究了杏和海红上幼虫滞育对光周期的反应。结果表明,桃蛀果蛾在桃、枣和苹果上一年发生１～２代,５０％个体进入滞育时间在８月上旬;在杏、海红、梨、槟子、山楂和酸枣上一年只发生１代;滞育的临界光周期,在杏上略长于１２ｈ,海红上接近１５ｈ．讨论了滞育在桃蛀果蛾生活史趋异和物种分化中的作用。  相似文献   

有机污染土壤生物修复效果的限制因素及提升措施   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴敏  施柯廷  陈全  梁妮  潘波 《农业环境科学学报》2022,41(5):919-932

土壤中的有机污染物主要来源于有机农药、石油污染、工业生产等,其对生态环境和人体健康造成了极大的危害。受有机物污染的土壤能通过物理、化学、生物等一系列的修复技术进行治理,其中生物修复技术被认为是处理有机污染土壤最有效、经济且环境友好的修复技术,但其修复效率受诸多因素影响。本文从气候地理条件、有机污染物的存在形态和土壤自身环境与营养3个方面系统地分析了生物修复技术的限制因素,并从物种选择、生物有效性提升（引入微生物或土壤动物、添加表面活性剂和有机溶剂）及稳定生态系统的构建（添加生物炭、营养补充剂,采用电强化生物修复技术）3个角度科学地提出了提升生物修复技术效率的方法,最后对加强有机物污染土壤复合修复技术的研究进行了展望。  相似文献   

基于田块尺度的农田土壤重金属污染评价及来源解析     

穆德苗  陈艳秋  胡涛  林大松  杨正兰  孙约兵 《农业环境科学学报》2022,41(6):1271-1283

基于田块尺度采集农田表层土壤样品120件,采用绝对因子分析/多元线性回归（APCS-MLR）受体模型与地统计学分析对研究区域内As、Cd、Cu、Cr、Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn这8种重金属污染空间分布特征及来源进行解析,利用地累积指数和潜在生态风险指数法评价土壤生态风险。研究结果表明：研究区表层土壤中8种重金属含量差异较大,As、Cd和Cr点位超标率分别为61.83%、90.83%和92.52%,土壤重金属Zn、Cu、Cr和Ni主要以残渣态存在（占比在80%以上）。土壤中Cd、Cr和Cu含量空间分布格局呈东南部较高、中部次之、西北部较低的趋势,而Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn含量的空间分布格局与此相反。APCS-MLR模型表明研究区域土壤重金属As、Cr、Cu和Ni的来源以自然源为主,占比分别为39.34%、47.32%、44.53%和50.23%; Pb、Zn的来源以工业活动源和交通源为主,占比分别为31.93%、30.53%和23.36%、22.17%; Cd的农业活动源占比为53.63%。土壤pH与有效态As、Cd、Cu和Ni含量呈极显著负相关性（P<0.01）,土壤有机质与有效态As、Cd和Cr呈极显著负相关性（P<0.01）。地累积指数显示土壤Cr总体处于中、重度污染水平,其次是Cd;生态危害指数也表明Cr和Cd是主要生态危害元素,潜在生态危害系数变化范围分别为5.20~41.12和11.56~113.35。总体来看,研究区域Cr和Cd污染较为严重,存在潜在风险,应采取安全利用和修复等措施,降低其风险水平。  相似文献   

Potential for the alleviation of arsenic toxicity in paddy rice using amorphous iron-(hydr)oxide amendments     

《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(1):160-169

Abstract

A pot culture experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of amorphous iron-(hydr)oxide (Am-FeOH) amendments on arsenic (As) availability and its uptake by rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. BR28) irrigated with As-contaminated water. A rhizobag system was established using 3.5 L plastic pots, each containing one central compartment for plant growth, a middle compartment and an outside compartment. Three levels of laboratory-synthesized Am-FeOH (0, 0.1 and 0.5% w/w) were used to amend samples of the As-free sandy loam paddy soil placed into each compartment of the rhizobag system. The soils were submerged with a solution containing 5 mg L^?1 As(V). Two-week-old rice seedlings were planted in the central compartments and cultured for 9 weeks under greenhouse conditions. The addition of 0.1% Am-FeOH to the soil irrigated with As-contaminated water improved plant growth, reduced the As concentration in the plants and enhanced Fe-plaque formation on the root surfaces. Analysis of soil solution samples collected during the experiment revealed higher pH levels and lower redox potentials in the soils amended with Am-FeOH at the onset of soil submergence, but later the soil solution collected from the 0.1% Am-FeOH treatment was slightly acidic and more oxidized than the solution from the 0% treatment. This indicated active functioning of the roots in the soil treated with 0.1% Am-FeOH. The concentrations of As(III) in the soil solution collected from the central compartment were significantly reduced by the Am-FeOH amendments, whereas in the soil treated with 0% Fe, As(III) accumulated in the rhizosphere, particularly during the late-cultivation period. The improvement in plant growth and reduction in As uptake by plants growing in the Am-FeOH treated soil could be attributed to the reduction of available As in the soil solution, mainly as a result of the binding of As to the Fe-plaque on the root surfaces.  相似文献   

液相色谱-原子荧光光谱联用检测小龙虾和鱼中不同形态砷的研究     

沈黎  陈晓园  路磊  李书谦  姚晶晶 《绿色科技》2013,(11):160-162

采用液相色谱-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法联用用技术对淡水鱼、海水鱼以及小龙虾样品建立相应的形态砷分析方法并对其含量进行了测定。对色谱条件、载流、载气流速、蠕动泵速、提取条件等进行优化,明确了4种砷形态化合物的分离条件。指出了此方法具有操作简便、灵敏度高、准确度高、干扰少、简便、快捷、需要样品量少等优点,可以对小龙虾和鱼样品中的砷形态进行定量分析。  相似文献