不同阶段猪用颗粒饲料物理性能的对比分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王进部  陈归园  王家乐  王雨  齐胜利 《中国猪业》2021,16(5):44-47

对某饲料厂不同阶段猪用4种颗粒饲料的物理性能包括直径、长度、硬度、容重、含粉率和耐久性指数（Pellet Durability Index, PDI）等进行测定,对结果进行归类总结并采用统计学的方法参照有关标准进行分析。结果表明,4种颗粒饲料直径在2.87~3.94 mm之间,母猪料直径最大,小猪料最小,两两之间差异显著（P<0.05）,而且随着猪只年龄的增加,颗粒饲料的直径呈递增趋势。颗粒长度在8.62~11.94 mm之间,以大猪料最长,小猪料最短,长径比偏高。颗粒硬度在3.86~6.47 kg之间,以大猪料最大,小猪料最小,中小猪料显著低于大猪料和母猪料（P<0.05）,只有小猪料符合有关要求。颗粒容重在576.7~614.6 g/L之间,母猪料最大,小猪料最小,两两之间差异显著（P<0.05）,与直径呈相同的增减趋势。含粉率以小猪料最大,且只有小猪料与大猪料之间差异显著（P<0.05）。颗粒PDI以大猪料最大,小猪料最小,各阶段猪料的含粉率和PDI均符合有关要求。建议饲料厂家注重颗粒饲料物理性能指标的控制,调整饲料配方和工艺参数,不断改进颗粒饲料的质量。  相似文献   

稻曲病菌交配型基因MAT1-2-1和MAT1-2-8的特性分析     

雍明丽  于俊杰  曹慧娟  俞咪娜  潘夏艳  宋天巧  刘永锋 《植物病理学报》2021,51(1):19-29

 有性生殖在真菌的生活史和进化过程中具有重要作用,而交配型基因是控制有性生殖的关键因子。前期研究发现稻曲病菌(Villosiclava virens)MAT1-2型菌株中包含MAT1-2-1和MAT1-2-8两个交配型基因,但是它们如何调控稻曲病菌有性生殖依然不清楚。本文研究了它们在不同侵染和生长发育时期的表达模式和编码的蛋白结构特性。研究表明MAT1-2-1在侵染不同阶段一直下调表达;而MAT1-2-8在侵染早期(5 dpi)上调表达,在侵染后期下调表达。与营养菌丝阶段比较,MAT1-2-1和MAT1-2-8在有性发育过程菌核形成、菌核萌发、子座原基形成和子座成熟4个阶段的表达量都是下降的,在菌核形成阶段表达量最低。生物信息学分析显示MAT1-2-1和MAT1-2-8具有磷酸化位点,为非分泌蛋白,无明显的跨膜结构域。蛋白同源比对分析表明MAT1-2-1与香柱菌(Epichloë typhina)的MAT1-2-1同源性最高,而MAT1-2-8与绿僵菌(Metarhizium)的MBR_08192蛋白同源性最高。进一步研究发现MAT1-2-1和MAT1-2-8能够互作,并分别主要定位在细胞核和细胞基质中。通过质谱技术鉴定到MAT1-2-1的一些候选互作蛋白,如假定Ran交换因子Prp20/Pim1(KDB12229.1)、假定rRNA处理蛋白Ebp2(KDB12923.1)及组蛋白H1(KDB12711.1)等。因此,以上结果为研究稻曲病菌交配型基因MAT1-2-1和MAT1-2-8调控有性生殖的生物学功能奠定了基础。  相似文献   

延迟收获对长江中游春玉米农艺性状及机收质量的影响     

刘志辉  展茗  梁如玉  王燕  刘永忠  黄益勤  杨仁能  尚春辉 《中国农业大学学报》2021,26(11):10-22

为探明长江中游玉米籽粒机械直收适宜品种与配套农艺措施，2018—2019年选用不同玉米品种，测定不同机收时间下玉米关键农艺性状、产量及机收质量指标。结果表明，收获时间对春玉米机收产量与机收质量均有显著影响。延迟1周收获后籽粒容重显著增加，机收产量显著提高，2年平均提高9.72%；而延迟2周收获则有降低机收产量的趋势。2年收获时杂质率总体≤3%，而机收籽粒破碎率与损失率均>5%，是该区域春玉米籽粒机收面临的主要问题。籽粒厚度、籽粒含水率和百粒重是影响机收籽粒破碎率的关键性状，三者与机收籽粒破碎率均呈显著的倒二次曲线关系；玉米的倒伏率、穗位高和重心高度是影响机收损失率的关键性状，倒伏率与机收损失率呈显著正相关，而穗位高和重心高度与机收损失率均呈显著的二次曲线关系。延迟收获能显著降低籽粒含水量，从而降低籽粒破碎率，但继续延迟收获有增加倒伏的风险。综上，长江中游春玉米成熟后适时延迟7~10 d收获，可有效降低籽粒含水量与机收籽粒破碎率，提高玉米籽粒机收产量。  相似文献   

Comparative effect of advanced soy products or corn protein concentrate with porcine meal on growth,body composition,and distal intestine histology of Florida pompano,Trachinotus carolinus     

Romi Novriadi  Elizabeth Spangler  D. Allen Davis 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2019,50(2):433-447

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of diets containing advanced soy products (enzyme‐treated soy and fermented soy) or corn protein concentrate (CPC) in combination with porcine meal (PM) to completely replace poultry byproduct meal (PBM) on growth performance, body composition, and distal intestine histology of Florida pompano, Trachinotus carolinus. Four experimental diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isolipidic, to contain 400 g/kg crude protein and 80 g/kg lipid. A reference diet (PBM diet [PBMD]) contained 150 g/kg PBM and 495 g/kg soybean meal (SBM), and three test diets were formulated replacing PBM with 15 g/kg of CPC (CPC diet [CPCD]) or replacing all SBM and PBM with 535 g/kg fermented soy (fermented soybean meal diet [FSBMD]) or 451.3 g/kg enzyme‐treated soy (enzyme‐treated soybean meal diet [ESBMD]). All three test diets were supplemented with 38 g/kg of PM. Diets were fed based on a percentage of bodyweight adjusted after sampling the fish every 2 weeks to triplicate groups of Florida pompano juveniles (mean weight 8.06 ± 0.22 g). After 8 weeks of feeding, fish fed CPCD and ESBMD performed equally well in terms of final body weight, thermal growth coefficient, and percentage weight gain in comparison to fish fed PBMD. In all cases, feeding FSBMD resulted in poor feed conversion and lower feed intake compared to other treatments. Protein retention efficiency, whole‐body proximate composition, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, magnesium, calcium, sodium, and zinc contents were not significantly influenced by the dietary treatments. The results obtained in the present histological study showed no significant differences in the thickness of serous layer, muscular layer, and submucosal layer of the intestine among treatments. Fish fed CPCD showed a significant widening of the lamina propria with an increase of cellular infiltration and higher presence of goblet cells compared to other dietary treatment. Based on these results, 451 g/kg ESBM or combination of 150 g/kg of CPC and 495 g/kg SBM supplemented with 38 g/kg PM can be utilized to develop a practical diet for juvenile Florida pompano without impacting growth, nutritive parameters, and several distal intestine health parameters.  相似文献   

基于科技文献社会网络分析的"一带一路"科技情报安全研究     

牟笛  陈安 《农业图书情报学刊》2018,30(12):24-28

为明确中国在"一带一路"沿线国家所形成的科技网络中处于怎样的位置,面临怎样的科技情报风险,需要采取哪些措施维护中国科技情报安全,应用智库DIIS理论方法,对科学引文索引中2013年-2017年"一带一路"沿线国家论文合作数据进行社会网络分析,应用管理机制设计"七元组"理论开展科技情报安全机制设计。研究结果显示,中国科技情报的暴露程度较高,科技应用的不可控因素、知识产权保护的挑战、科技情报资源流失的风险同时存在,并与各种非传统安全问题相叠加。切实掌握核心技术,维护知识产权,加强政府、社会对科技交流的监管,防止科技情报被非法利用,是保障科技情报安全的主要途径。  相似文献   

Zerumbone attenuates MPP⁺-induced cytotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells by inhibition of oxidative stress     

CAO Rui-ping  WANG Jiao  WANG Ce 《园艺学报》2018,34(6):1061-1066

AIM: To investigate the role of zerumbone (ZER) in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP⁺)-induced cytotoxicity of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. METHODS: Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were cultured in vitro and the protective effect of ZER against MPP⁺-induced cytotoxicity was measured by CCK-8 assay. Flow cytometry was used to determine the apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The expression of Parkinson disease protein 7 (PARK7) was knocked-down by using PARK7-specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA). The protein levels of PARK7, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: MMP⁺ remarkably reduced the cell viability in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. The SH-SY5Y cell injury model was established by treatment with MPP⁺ at 600 μmol/L for 24 h. ZER up-regulated the protein levels of PARK7 and Nrf2 (P<0.05), alleviated apoptosis (P<0.05), and reduced ROS production (P<0.05) in the SH-SY5Y cell injury model. Meanwhile, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) had the similar functions. Moreover, significant reductions in the protein levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 (P<0.05), and obvious increases in apoptosis (P<0.05) and ROS level (P<0.05) were demonstrated in PARK7-knockdown cells. CONCLUSION: ZER protects SH-SY5Y cells against MPP⁺-induced cytotoxi-city, which may be related to activation of PARK7/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, and subsequent attenuation of oxidative stress and apoptosis.  相似文献   

品种间大豆脂肪氧化酶活性差异及β-胡萝卜素漂白性研究     

张大勇  徐红  姚昕东  孙长恒  滕卫丽  姜莹莹 《东北农业大学学报》2019,50(6):10-18

为了解东北地区大豆品种间大豆脂肪氧化酶(LOX)活性差异规律,整理适于东北地区种植的大豆种质资源307份(6份半野生品种,17份地方品种及4份国外品种,其余为栽培品种),统一种植,秋季收获后,测定各品种成熟籽粒脂肪氧化酶总活性。分析品种间脂肪氧化酶总活性分布规律、大豆脂肪氧化酶总活性与β-胡萝卜素漂白性之间关系。结果表明,307份大豆品种间脂肪氧化酶总活性差异极显著,平均值为21.68 U·mL~(-1),最小值为2.51 U·mL~(-1),最大值为42.38 U·mL~(-1)。根据脂肪氧化酶总活性差异,通过聚类分析将307份大豆品种分为3类。低活性品种占总量43.65%,脂肪氧化酶总活性平均值为15.25 U·mL~(-1);中等活性品种占总量43.97%,脂肪氧化酶活性平均值为24.64 U·mL~(-1);高活性品种占总量12.38%,脂肪氧化酶总活性平均值为33.87 U·mL~(-1)。脂肪氧化酶总活性与油分含量呈正相关,与蛋白含量呈负相关,与漂白性呈正相关。  相似文献   

Preparation and characterization of gluten-free sheeted doughs and noodles with zein and rice flour containing different amylose contents     

《Journal of Cereal Science》2017

This study aimed to explore the feasibility of zein as a gluten alternative in preparing sheeted doughs with rice flours containing different amylose contents (12, 19, and 26%) that were successfully slit into noodle strands. Rice-zein mixtures with lower amylose contents exhibited lower pasting parameters and the high amylose paste samples possessed more elastic properties. Higher water absorption was observed in the low amylose rice-zein mixture whereas the use of zein were effective in increasing the stability of rice dough regardless of amylose content. In case of thermal conductivity, the noodle doughs prepared with high amylose rice-zein mixture had low thermal conductivity, probably implying a long cooking time. The structure of the rice-zein noodles had a tendency to become firmer with increasing levels of amylose by showing greater breaking stress and resistance to extension that could be correlated to reduced cooking loss.  相似文献   

异硫氰酸丙烯酯毒杀松材线虫作用机制初步研究     

韩双双  谭周倩  黄晓德  钱骅  陈斌  赵伯涛  陈双林  闫淑珍 《农药学学报》2020,22(1):48-53

对异硫氰酸丙烯酯毒杀松材线虫作用机制进行了初步研究。测定了其对线虫虫体形态、运动行为、体内总糖和蛋白质含量的影响,以及处理前后线虫体内过氧化氢酶(CAT)、乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)活性变化。结果表明:经异硫氰酸丙烯酯处理后的松材线虫虫体形态严重扭曲,运动形态出现由正常的S形变化为多节弯曲和螺旋状卷曲等异常状况,线虫行动随时间的推移变得迟缓,最终呈C形、新月形或直接死亡。随着异硫氰酸丙烯酯处理质量浓度的增大,线虫体内总糖和蛋白质含量显著上升,糖和蛋白质的代谢发生紊乱;线虫体内CAT、AChE和GST活性显著降低,且均低于对照组,表明线虫体内氧化和抗氧化作用失衡;细胞受到极大的影响,神经系统遭到破坏,解毒能力明显降低。研究结果可为研究利用异硫氰酸丙烯酯作为植物源杀线虫剂提供依据。  相似文献   

书报编排中存在的问题及其分析     

吴伟根 《浙江林学院学报》1994,11(2):196-200

书报编排的标准化和规范化，有利于书报所载信息的正确传递，存贮以至国际化。做好书报编排的标准化和规范化工作是时代赋予编辑工作者的职责。本文就我国目前书报编排中存在的主要问题人为６类，并作分析讨论。  相似文献