Leaf carbohydrates assimilation and metabolism affect seed yield of rapeseed with different waterlogging tolerance under the interactive effects of nitrogen and waterlogging     

Jie Kuai  Xiaoyong Li  Zhen Li  Yan Xie  Bo Wang  Guangsheng Zhou 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2020,206(6):823-836

Waterlogging is a main factor causing rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) yield loss, and reasonable nitrogen (N) applications can compensate for this loss. To investigate the effects of N rates on seed yield of waterlogged rapeseed, the waterlogging-tolerant rapeseed variety ZS 9 and sensitive variety GH01 were waterlogged for 0 and 10 days with five leaves at the seedling stage under four N rates (0, 90, 180 and 270 kg/ha). Waterlogging significantly decreased seed yield, while N application can alleviate the yield loss. The yield decrease rate of waterlogged GH01 was greater than that of ZS 9 under the same N rate. During the seedling and bolting stage, the leaf photosynthetic rate (Pn) and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activity increased, while activities of adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), sucrose synthase (SuSy) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) decreased with more N under the same watering conditions. Compared to the plants without waterlogging, the leaf Pn and Rubisco activity, starch and sucrose contents of waterlogged rapeseed decreased at the two stages; activities of AGPase, SuSy and SPS of waterlogged rapeseed decreased at the seedling while increased at the bolting stage for both the two varieties. At the flowering stage, the Pn, the activities of Rubisco, AGPase, SuSy, SPS and contents of sucrose, starch increased with more N application for both ZS 9 and GH01. Compared to the plants without waterlogging, the Pn and Rubisco activity for waterlogged plants of the two varieties increased; the waterlogged plants of tolerant variety had higher activities of AGPase, SuSy and SPS, while those of sensitive variety was significantly lower. However, the decreased starch and sucrose content were found in both tolerant and sensitive varieties. The activities of AGPase, SuSy and SPS at flowering were highly positively correlated with yield under the interactive effects of N and waterlogging. These results suggested that the flowering stage is the most important stage that N had the positive regulation on waterlogged rapeseed growth. The carbohydrates translocation from leaves to seeds of the tolerant variety were enhanced after waterlogging, while that of the sensitive variety was still inhibited. This was the main reason for the difference in yield between the two waterlogged varieties.  相似文献   

Hyperspectral Models for Estimating SPAD Value of Cotton Leaves under Waterlogging Stress     

WU Qixia  LI Jinbo  ZHU Jianqiang  YAN Jun  SU Rongrui  XU Xiaoxiao 《棉花学报》2017,29(6):579-588

[Object] To setup the hyperspectral sensing models for estimating SPAD value of cotton leaves under waterlogging stress. [Method] Irrigation and drainage controllable plots were introduced to simulate the waterlogging stress treatment in the flowering and boll forming stage, during which the change characteristics of the cotton leaf spectral reflectance and SPAD value were observed after 1 d, 3 d, 6 d, 9 d waterlogging, respectively. To find out the hyperspectral sensing models for estimating SPAD value of cotton leaves under waterlogging stress, the correlation and regression relationships between SPAD value and spectrum parameters were analyzed. [Result] (1) The SPAD value of the fourth cotton leaf from the top was significantly lower than control when suffers from waterlogging for 3 d, when waterlogged 9 d the SPAD value decreased by around 15% compared with the control. (2) The cotton suffering from waterlogged damage in the flowering and boll forming stage caused the reflection peak in green light wave band became steep, while the near infrared spectral reflectance increased, and caused the reduction of red absorption and red edge position "blue shifts", the red edge position drifts towards short wave with 4～5 nm when suffers from waterlogging for 9 d. With increase of the waterlogged days, the red edge slope and red edge area increased with a maximum value at 6 d of waterlogging, meanwhile, the skewness and kurtosis of red edge increased. (3) After waterlogging, the SPAD value of the fourth cotton leaf from the top (chlorophyll content) had a remarkable correlation with red edge slope(Dr), red edge position(λr), green peak reflection(Rg), green peak position(λg), red well position(λo), blue edge area(SDb), yellow edge skewness(Sy), yellow edge kurtosis(Ky), red edge skewness(Sr), red edge kurtosis(Kr), etc. An experience linear, polynomial and exponential models for estimating SPAD value had been built through using the Sy, Sr, Kr as independent variables, respectively, their determination coefficient (R²) were greater than 0.9, and the root mean square error (RMSE) were less than 1; and an experience binary linear regression equation for estimating SPAD value had been built through multivariate regression using the λg, SDr/SDb(VI3), Sb, Sy, Ky as independent variables, the R² was as high as 0.973, and the RMSE was 0.393. [Conclusion] The model can be remote sensing model used as estimating leaf SPAD of cotton value under waterlogging stress.  相似文献   

涝胁迫对豫楸1号4种砧木嫁接苗渗透调节物质的影响     

何威 《河南林业科技》2011,(2):1-3,6

通过对涝渍胁迫条件下豫楸1号4种砧木嫁接苗渗透调节物质（Pro、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白）活性的测定,结果表明：在持续涝渍胁迫下,3种渗透调节物质的变化趋势基本一致,整体变化趋势为先上升后下降,只是峰值出现的时间有差异。  相似文献   

苹果果树渗灌试验研究     

宋开平  卓田寿 《灌溉排水学报》1993,(3)

1989到1991年对10年生国光和金帅苹果品种的果树进行的渗灌试验结果如下:1,能节水并可防涝;2,可增加土壤孔隙度,提高土壤养分含量;3,增加吸收根数量,促进树体的生长发育。座果率和单株(或单位面积)产量均比漫灌(对照)区高;4,到1991年,果品质量有了明显的改善;5,多孔陶土管成本低;6,田间管理方便。  相似文献   

Clostridium bifermentans and C. subterminale are associated with kiwifruit vine decline,known as moria,in Italy     

Patrizia Spigaglia  Fabrizio Barbanti  Fabio Marocchi  Marco Mastroleo  Marco Baretta  Patrizia Ferrante  Emilia Caboni  Simona Lucioli  Marco Scortichini 《Plant pathology》2020,69(4):765-774

Since 2012, a new pathogenic syndrome has frequently been observed in many areas of kiwifruit cultivation in Italy. The main symptoms include an initial withering of the leaves followed by a total and sudden collapse of plants, mainly occurring during summer. The withered leaves fall and the main and secondary feeder roots appear rotten, sometimes showing a reddish-brown discoloration. The disease, that affects both the green and yellow-fleshed cultivars, has been called kiwifruit vine decline and is locally known as moria. The syndrome has been found consistently associated with soil waterlogging, which frequently occurs either after the traditional agronomical practice of irrigating orchards through surface irrigation or after very heavy rainfall. So far, the role played by bacteria in this syndrome has not been investigated. In the present study, Clostridium spp. were isolated from both rotten roots and soils obtained from Italian kiwifruit orchards affected by the syndrome, indicating for the first time that anaerobic bacteria are able to cause damage to woody crops. C. bifermentans and C. subterminale incited symptoms in kiwifruit in both in vivo and in vitro pathogenicity tests. Soil waterlogging seems to potentially favour colonization of kiwifruit roots by anaerobic bacteria, probably because saturation of the soil can facilitate proliferation and persistence of these bacteria during long periods of the vegetative growth of the crop. The occurrence of anaerobic bacteria does not exclude the possibility that other microorganisms can play additional/synergic role(s) in causing the kiwifruit vine decline.  相似文献   

Soil degradation in the tropical lowlands of Santa Cruz,Eastern Bolivia     

R. G. Barber 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》1995,6(2):95-107

This paper examines the soil degradation processes that are threatening the productivity of the mechanized annual cropping areas in the Santa Cruz lowlands of tropical eastern Bolivia. The dominant process is that of machinery-induced and natural compaction, which has resulted in an estimated 50 per cent of the soils in the Central Zone being moderately to severely compacted, causing serious root restriction and the loss of both transmission and water-storage pores. Degradation has made the soils increasingly susceptible to moisture stress due to the combined effect of (i) restricted rooting as a result of compaction and the hardsetting characteristics of the soils, (ii) reduced rainfall infiltration due to the loss of transmission pores and surface crusting, and (iii) a decrease in available soil moisture caused by the loss of storage pores, the incorporation of wind-blown fine sand deposits, and soil organic matter losses due to accelerated decomposition rates. The loss of transmission pores has also made the soils more prone to waterlogging in periods of high rainfall. The degradation tendencies of these soils are exacerbated by the greater variability of seasonal rainfall during the last 20 years that has led to a greater frequency or extremely high or extremely low rainfall events than hitherto.  相似文献   

洞庭湖烂泥湖水系洪涝灾害风险评估与应对措施     

朱枫  廖小红  王维俊  贺方舟  黎昔春 《中国农村水利水电》2021,(1):18-21,27

近年来,洪涝灾害是全球发生频繁、危害最严重的气象灾害之一,国内不少学者开始对洪涝灾害进行研究,目前对于洞庭湖区洪涝灾害风险的研究较少.采用综合评价法建立模型对洞庭湖区烂泥湖水系洪涝灾害风险进行评估并提出应对策略,结果表明:新泉寺闸内水位和滞涝水面率的不同导致暴雨对烂泥湖水系的影响程度也不同.同时采取提高滞涝水面率和降低...  相似文献   

易涝易渍农田地下水动态特征     

朱建强  刘会宁  耿显波  黄智敏 《灌溉排水学报》2009,(6)

地下水动态是评价易涝易渍农田生产稳定性的重要指标,基于湖北四湖流域大量调查观测资料对此进行了研究。结果表明,易涝易渍农田地下水位存在明显的年、季差异,呈现出一定的波动性,在不同季节以及不同水平年间波动幅度不大,绝对偏差一般只有1 0~2 0 cm左右,最大不超过4 0 cm,地下水位呈现出在高水位上波动的特点;从微地形地貌看,沿江地势较高的农田其地下水平均埋深和地下水位波动与地势低洼的滨湖农田明显不同,前者明显大于后者。在较大尺度上当降水很接近时,农田地下水埋深随微地貌分异并不显著;对于水网密织的南方平原湖区,农田地下水位变化与周边水体相联系并受其影响,在农田涝渍防治中必须处理好农田与周边水体的关系。  相似文献   

生育后期湿涝胁迫对不同种植方式花生产量性状及品质的影响     

臧秀旺  汤丰收  张俊  刘娟  张忠信  徐静  苗利娟 《花生学报》2014,(4):13-18

本文采用模拟人工淹水逆境的试验方法,研究花生生育后期,湿涝胁迫对不同种植方式下花生产量、品质的影响。结果表明:湿涝胁迫可使花生的百果重、百仁重、饱果率、出仁率、单株生产力、单株结果数和产量明显降低,籽仁脂肪和油酸含量有所降低,蛋白和亚油酸含量有所提高。湿涝胁迫对花生产量及品质的影响程度:结荚期胁迫危害大于成熟期,平作种植危害大于起垄种植。  相似文献   

基于改进权重湿润指数的东北地区春玉米涝渍灾害评估方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘聪  武永峰  刘平辉  梁立江 《中国农业科学》2020,53(11):2182-2194

【目的】研究东北地区春玉米涝渍灾害评估方法,为气候变化背景下东北地区春玉米合理生产和管理提供科学依据。【方法】以权重湿润指数为基础,采用作物需水量代替参考作物蒸散量,构建改进权重湿润指数;运用1986—2015年东北地区春玉米生育期内涝渍灾害事件与改进权重湿润指数耦合方法、基于K-S检验的正态分布显著性检验方法和t-分布区间估计方法等,确定基于改进权重湿润指数的东北地区春玉米不同生育阶段涝渍强度分级阈值;从农田土壤相对湿度与改进权重湿润指数相关性和拟合关系检验,改进权重湿润指数、权重湿润指数评估结果与历史灾情结果一致性检验,以及典型年份涝渍灾变过程动态评估准确性检验3个方面,对改进权重湿润指数评估春玉米涝渍灾害的精度进行验证;分析东北地区春玉米不同生育阶段涝渍强度空间格局,揭示其规律特征。【结果】（1）改进权重湿润指数与不同深度的土壤相对湿度均达到极显著相关（P<0.001）,除玉米快速发育期外,其他生育期内二者相关系数最大值均出现在20 cm深度土壤相对湿度;将不同生育阶段改进权重湿润指数与20 cm深度土壤相对湿度间进行Slogistic曲线拟合,决定系数（R ²）最大值出现在生育中期（0.46）,其后依次是生育后期（0.34）、快速发育期（0.31）和初始生长期（0.21）,均方根误差（RMSE）最小值出现在生育后期（0.49）,其后依次是生育中期（0.51）、初始生长期（0.52）和快速发育期（0.56）,不同生育阶段拟合曲线中90%的20 cm土壤相对湿度所对应的改进权重湿润指数值最小值出现在初始生长期（0.77）,其后依次是快速发育期（1.12）、生育中期（1.21）和生育后期（1.25）。（2）与随机预留的春玉米涝渍灾害事件测试样本中灾情判定结果相比,权重湿润指数评估结果的完全准确率为26.7%,部分准确率为66.7%;改进权重湿润指数评估结果的完全准确率为66.7%,部分准确率为93.3%。（3）以嫩江、白城和沈阳3个代表站点1998年春玉米生育期内涝渍灾害为例,对比降水、权重湿润指数和改进权重湿润指数随时间变化的过程曲线,发现改进权重湿润指数所反映的当年涝渍发生时间和强度等级与灾情资料更为相符,而其大小还可直观表征涝渍强度动态变化。（4）春玉米不同生育阶段各强度等级的涝渍频率差别较大,黑龙江中部、吉林东南部、辽宁东南部为中度及以上涝渍频率的高发区,生育中期是中度及以上涝渍频率高发期。【结论】基于改进权重湿润指数的东北地区春玉米不同生育阶段涝渍强度分级阈值划分方法结果可靠,可表征农田涝渍实际发生状况;相对于权重湿润指数而言,改进权重湿润指数不仅对春玉米涝渍灾害评估准确率更高,而且更适于对涝渍灾变过程的跟踪和动态评估,对于揭示气候变化背景下东北地区春玉米涝渍灾变机制和时空演变规律具有重要意义。  相似文献